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Polatov Kh. O. independent researcher SamIES
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTING OF GOODS INCOME IN TRADING ENTERPRISES BASED ON INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS
Annotation. The article examines the issues of improving the accounting of goods receipts in trading enterprises based on international standards and makes suggestions for further simplifying the calculation procedure.
Key words: international standards, goods, cost, methodological aspects, production, service, trade.
Enter. Many people are interested in the news, the importance and necessity of the news provided for in the decision of the President of February 24, 2020 No. 4611 "On additional measures for the transition to international standards of financial reporting". 70Therefore, it is natural to think that financial statements have been conducted on the basis of national standards for almost 30 years, and there have been no difficulties.
Therefore, first of all, it is appropriate to briefly dwell on what is meant by international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and what are its advantages.
International standards of financial reporting are a set of documents for the preparation of financial reports, a regulation regulating the structure of financial reports, which are used by external users to make economic decisions about an organization. That is, to give a simple example, these are foreign investors with the necessary information to analyze the future growth or decline of shares, securities and other types of material assets of organizations operating in our country (companies, corporations, joint-stock companies) that can attract investment can be provided
In order to accelerate the transition to international standards of financial reporting (hereinafter referred to as "IFRS"), four higher education institutions, namely Tashkent state The schedule of accelerated training of pedagogues in the disciplines of "Accounting" and "Audit" of the University of Economics, Tashkent Financial Institute, Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service, Fergana Polytechnic Institute (in the following places - experimental higher education institutions) in accredited training centers on EMS has been approved..
Analysis of literature on the topic. Accounting, analysis, and auditing of business activity in enterprises have been researched by a number of scientists in our republic. These are:
70https://lex.uz/docs/4746047
Prof. Abdukarimov B.A. opinions Trade means, firstly, economic relations related to the sale of goods and economic relations that arise in the process of commodity exchange, and secondly, as an economic branch, it is a complex of trade enterprises that became independent as a result of the social division of labor.
Prof. Urazov K.B. opinions "Trading as an activity is a type of entrepreneurship carried out by legal entities and individuals. Since they are participants in the process of buying and selling goods, they are the link between the production sector and the consumption sector. Therefore, products created without trade do not reach their consumers, and their reproduction cannot be carried out.
Research methodology. Methodological basis in the article laws of our republic, decrees, decrees, works and reports of the President, decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers, national and international accounting standards, regulations, guidelines, scientific works published abroad and in our republic, textbooks and manuals, scientific articles, internet materials and research practical materials of enterprises.
Analysis and results. The role of trade in the world is incomparable. Its development is considered one of the main factors of development of economy of all countries of the world. Digitization, which is considered the most important and also the main feature of the 21st century, will lead to the gradual development of trade in the most modern techniques and technologies, such as types and forms based on ICT - electronic trade, electronic commerce, internet trade, internet magazine, marketplace and other trade platforms and areas. That is, based on this, in our article we want to reveal the different aspects of international and national standards of import of goods. According to the international standard, we have BHXS No. 2 " Z ahiralar". According to the national standard, BHMS No. 4 is "Inventories". You can see their differences in Table 1 below.
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF 2-CON BHXS AND 4-CON BHMS
Table 1
No Content No. 2 according to international accounting standards No. 4 According to national accounting standards
1 Presentation in financial statements In the statement of financial position, it is reflected in the aggregate only through the article "Reserves". Information on the composition of reserves and its calculation is detailed in the Notes In the accounting balance, the article "Good material reserves" is reflected together with its composition
2 Recognition of reserves Inventories are recognized depending on whether they meet the definition and the requirements for recognition as an asset. Inventories are recognized as assets if: there is certainty that the organization will receive future economic benefits related to the asset; the value of the asset can be reliably estimated; ownership rights to them are transferred
3 Cost estimation methods Standard cost method or retail price method Simple, standard, ordered, staged, and in sales organizations, the method of cost inventory evaluation can be used
4 Valuation of inventory Inventories should be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost as of the balance sheet date (purchase price or production cost); net realizable value at the balance sheet date.
5 Overspending It is recognized as an expense without being included in the cost structure Included in the cost
As can be seen in this table, different aspects of the formation and evaluation of the cost of goods in trade enterprises are disclosed in national and international standards.
Conclusions and suggestions. In conclusion, before reflecting on the current state of the traditional national accounting system, it is worth noting that in Uzbekistan, as in other countries, there are some problems in the development of specific procedures for accounting services in business entities and, in conclusion, in the accounting of goods receipts. However, any business thrives where there is clarity and transparency. Our offers are as follows:
Our first suggestion is that no matter how national accounting standards are adapted to international financial reporting standards, if the flow of information is not disclosed, it will not be possible to accurately reflect the real financial situation of business entities, their results, and their changes.
Our second proposal is that the sooner we adapt the national standards to the international standards of financial reporting, the more investors we will attract.
Our third proposal is to publish more literature on international standards of financial reporting in Uzbek and present them in an understandable manner to accountants, auditors and professors teaching in this field.
References:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No. PQ-4611 of 24.02.2020
2. Abdullaev R.A. Accounting and auditing. Uchebnoe posobie. -Tashkent, 2011;
3. Mirzaev Q.J., Pardaev M.Q. Economy of the service sector. // Tutorial. - T.: "ECONOMY-FINANCE", 2014. -384 p.;
4. Abdukarimov B.A. Enterprise economy. Textbook.//-T.: Science, 2005. -288 p.;
5. Abdukarimov B.A. Domestic trade economy. Textbook. Part 1. - T.: Science and technology, 2007, p. 39;
6. Urazov K.B. Accounting and taxation in trade.-T.: World of Economics and Law, 2004.-336 p.; 101.
7. Urazov K. _ B. Accounting and auditing: for higher educational institutions. -T.: O'khetit, 2004. -448 p.;
8. Urazov K.B., Vakhidov S.V. Features of accounting in other industries. Textbook. - T.: " Adib ", 2011. - 480 p.;
9. Urazov K.B. Actual problems of accounting in service and service industry enterprises. // "Service" magazine. 2009. #1. - B. 107-114.;
10. Razov K.B., Khudayberdiev N.U., Annaev M.B., Israilov Yo.J., Mardonov M.Sh. Current issues of accounting and auditing in service industry entities. Monograph. - T.: Economy, 2011. - B. 75-99;
11. National and international standards of accounting
