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14ЭКОНОМИКА
УДК 338.1
NOSIROV Bahodirjon Zokirovich
PhD, Associated Professor of the Agricultural economics department, Andijan Agriculture and Agri-technologies Institute, Uzbekistan, Andijan
ERGASHEV Akmal Abduqaxxorovich
Assistant of the Agricultural economics department, Andijan Agriculture and Agri-technologies Institute, Uzbekistan, Andijan
ISLAMOVA Dilobar Tairjonovna
Senior lecturer of the Agricultural economics department, Andijan Agriculture and Agri-technologies Institute, Uzbekistan, Andijan
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF FOOD MARKETS IN ANDIJAN PROVINCE
Abstract. The food crisis requires urgent action, both at the national level and around the world, and the development of a long-term strategy to combat hunger. Market infrastructure plays an important role in the formation of the regional food market. The main pillars of the market infrastructure are the organizational base, which includes wholesale and retail trade networks, exchanges and dealers, as well as the material base, which includes warehouses, transport and marketing services. The article discusses the ways of developing the food market in the Andijan province. Recommended concept of regional market management provides regional authorities with a long-term strategy and identifies possible alternatives for its implementation. Using it, you can substantiate the definition of ways to form developed market relations; determine socio-economic, investment and environmental parameters for the development of regional markets in the future and compare them with real opportunities; system of forms and methods of economic and legal management of regional markets of various types. Recommendations are given for improving the supply of livestock products to the food market of Andijan province.
Keywords: food market, food security, agricultural economics, farming, dekhkan farms, infrastructure, Uzbekistan, Andijan province.
Introduction. Provision of the population of Uzbekistan with food products has political, economic and social significance and is inextricably linked with the production of raw materials and food products in agriculture.
Further deepening of reforms in agriculture and liberalization of economic relations are leading to the formation of different levels of the food market. As a result of the arrangements taken in Uzbekistan, food security has been achieved. Sustainable development of the food market in the near future can be achieved in many respects through
the effective use of existing opportunities and factors, specific features of the regions.
In the Andijan province where supply on the food market cannot meet the rapidly growing demand due to the highest population density, many small entrepreneurs are participating in the food market through the relationship between trade enterprises and agriculture. Their efficiency is very low and cannot meet the growing demands of the population. The main goals of this research prepare the concept of development of the food market in Andijan province and as its content
recommend ways to improve the level of livestock products supply.
Literature review. The formation and development of the regional market system is studied by many economists in Uzbekistan and abroad. The theory and methods of regional markets are studied in the scientific works of foreign scientists A. Bandman, A. Granberg, A. Novoselov, R. Schniper, R. Heppner, U. Bergolz, J. Budville, A. Weber, W. Isard, F. Perrou and others.
In Uzbekistan, the regional economy and the market system are analyzed in the scientific works of K.N.Abirkulov, O.Abdullaev, M.A.Abdusal-yamov, Z.M.Akramov, T.M. Akhmedov, R.K. Khu-sanov, A. Kadyrov, Sh.B.Imamov, E.A. Akhmedov, S. Ziyodullaev, K. Bedrintsev, A.A. Kayumov, S.E. Vokhidov, A.S. Soliev, F.T. Egamberdiev, I. Umarov and other scientists [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
At the stage of economic liberalization, the number of scientific works devoted to the formation of consumer markets, food security, financial markets and other market relations in Uzbekistan is growing. However, research on the problems of market systems in the region, including the formation of the food market, is almost not exist.
Research methodology. In the scientific paper abstract-logical thinking, expert evaluation methods were used.
Analysis and Results. Ensuring food security in Uzbekistan is considered one of the priorities of state policy. Since the first years of independence, Uzbekistan has carried out large-scale reforms to ensure food security. In Uzbekistan, agriculture specializes in cotton growing, and very little land was allocated for food production, so some food products are imported. Due to this, in the early years of independence, food shortages were felt. This problem exists not only in Uzbekistan, but also in most countries of the world. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, there are currently more than 840 million people in the world, or one in eight, malnourished. As a result of malnutrition of 30% of the world's population, there is a problem of micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies. As a result, more than 160 million children suffer from deficiencies in height, physical and intellectual development [7].
In order to ensure the socio-economic development of the country, the Decree of President of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev of February 7, 2017 "Strategy of actions in five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 20172021" pays special attention to food security.
Deepening structural reforms and consistent development of agricultural production, further strengthening the country's food security, expanding the production of environmentally friendly products, a significant increase in the export potential of the agricultural sector are identified as priorities. The ultimate goal of these measures is important in that it is aimed at improving the level and quality of life. Thus, government decrees, in particular, provide for the cultivation of vegetables and potatoes, including fodder, oilseeds and other crops, as well as the creation of orchards and vineyards on arable land free of cotton.
The implementation of the food policy of Uzbekistan government is directly determined by the formation of the food market in the regions. In this regard, the regions of the country do not use internal resources insufficiently, the demand and needs of the population for food are not fully satisfied, there are imbalances and problems in reforming the agricultural sector. The formation of a food market with a clear goal at the regional level plays an important role in achieving social stability.
The Fergana Valley, including the Andijan province, is characterized by rapid population growth and high density, limited land and water resources, and high demand for food products. One of the most pressing issues today is the reform of the agricultural sector in the region and the development of scientific and methodological bases for the formation of the food market and the preparation of practical proposals.
The food market determines the state of the economy and the social stability of society, so its development depends on the existing potential in all countries, the formation of economic relations and the implementation of policies in line with market principles through the documents on their implementation. For this, it is necessary to study it theoretically, to analyze it in order to develop practical proposals. Prospective indicators developed by foreign scientists on the basis of the study of links specific to market conditions in this regard provide an idea of the strategic directions of global food markets [8].
One of the important directions of agro-economic policy in recent years is to solve the food problem. The world has entered the XI century with a serious threat of famine. If 17 percent of the world's population is currently starving, one in four people is expected to be doomed to starvation in 10 years. The basis for such a pessimistic forecast is the negative trends of the end of the century, which are expected to continue in the future.
The food crisis requires urgent action, both at the national level and around the world, and the development of a long-term strategy to combat hunger [10].
The economic essence of the food market
includes the production of food, the consumer sector, and the infrastructure sector designed to support and manage the smooth functioning of market relations in the production and sale of food.
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Agricultural production
Private farms
Dekhkan farms
Another producers
Flour mills
Meat processing enterprises
Food processing Milk processing enterprises
Oil refineries
Processing of fruits and vegetables
Storage and transportation of food products
Transportation service
Procurement organizations
Special warehouses
Wholesale food markets
Exchanges
Sale of food products
Agricultural markets
Private stalls
Social infrastructure
Fig. Subjects of the regional food market
Although the food market is based on the nature of production, it has significant independence and actively influences the process of reproduction, its results and efficiency. It not only completes the production process, but also triggers a new cycle of production in the form of decisions to purchase the means of production. Thus, the market is an exchange that can manage economic relations and the entire production process.
The food market system includes: agricultural market, labor market; capital market, financial market; market infrastructure and market management mechanisms.
Summarizing and supplementing the above definitions, it can be noted that the regional food market is based on regional characteristics, in a competitive environment for the production and sale of food products between producers, processors and consumers, providing reproduction of regional food resources. The structure of the regional food market can be divided into 4 main parts (Figure) based on a systematic approach:
1. Agriculture itself - agricultural enterprises of all organizational and legal forms: farms, dekhkan farms, agro-clusters, subsidiary farms.
2. Enterprises of food industry.
3. Product storage and transportation services.
4. Product sales - wholesale food markets, farmers markets, private stalls.
Market infrastructure plays an important role in the formation of the regional food market. Its main pillars are the organizational base of the market infrastructure, which includes wholesale and retail trade networks, exchanges and intermediaries, as well as the material base, which includes warehouses, transport and packaging services. In addition, the full functioning of service structures providing consulting, insurance, advertising, certification and marketing services to food market entities will play an important role in the sustainable development of this market. In the process of introducing modern technologies for the intensive development of production, in most cases, the credit funds of special funds play a significant role in the activities of producers. In addition, market infrastructure can be divided into a human resources base and a regulatory framework.
Market infrastructure promotes the sale of products produced by the agro-industrial complex, the acquisition of raw materials, labor, regulation and efficient use of financial and credit activities, implements laws and regulations adopted by the state on a market economy and assists in establishing economic ties between producers. In this
context, exchanges play an important role in the sale of agricultural products or in the purchase of means of production or foodstuffs necessary for agriculture.
When defining and substantiating the prospects, it is advisable to base it on future indicators of socio-economic development, including such indicators as the macroeconomic situation in the region; changes in the economic structure; dynamics of production and consumption of goods and services; trends in the development of science and technology; interregional market relations; standard of living and development of the social sphere.
The concept of regional market management as a future document provides regional authorities with a long-term strategy and identifies possible alternatives for its implementation. Using it, you can substantiate the definition of ways to form developed market relations; determine socio-economic, investment and environmental parameters for the development of regional markets in the future and compare them with real opportunities; system of forms and methods of economic and legal management of regional markets of various types.
The scientific level of the concept will depend on the completeness and content of the accumulated knowledge and information, comprehensive justification of trends and laws of regional economic development and compliance with the requirements of improving the quality and robustness of management decisions. In this regard, the concept should include:
• assessment of market processes based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics;
• evaluation of the received information in terms of development of different types of regional markets;
• integrated assessment, taking into account the interaction of individual market types and regional economies;
• quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the whole system of regional markets and their elements, as well as prospects for possible changes.
These assessments allow to determine in what quantitative and qualitative characteristics it is possible to achieve optimal conditions for the development and operation of regional markets. The obtained estimates will be used to identify alternatives for the future development of the market system of the region [10; 11].
The current period of development of the economic mechanism is characterized by the
transition of regional systems to economic independence in the context of the strengthening of market relations and the weakening of the distributional functions of central government. Therefore, it is necessary to use a system of economic and administrative methods that will ensure the effective development of regional markets in the context of democratization of management functions and changes in regional governance methods.
The development of the regional food market is influenced by the following main social factors:
• income of the population, its purchasing capacity;
• socio-demographic structure of the population, its regional location;
• specific consumption characteristics, customs of the local population.
In the food market of Andijan province, supply is formed on the basis of economic factors, and demand is formed on the basis of social factors. Analyzing the economic and social factors, it should be noted that Andijan province forms a single economic zone with neighboring Fergana and Namangan provinces. The food market in the Fergana economic region is characterized by the integration of land, water, climate and infrastructure capacity of the three regions. In particular, the formation of incomes plays an important role in the formation of demand for food in the economic region [10].
There are opportunities to solve the problem of meeting the food needs of the population in Andi-jan province through the use of intensive technological processes based on the effective use of existing natural resources, the development and implementation of rational options for long-term crop composition.
Institutional change and further deepening of reforms are very important in the formation of the regional food market. Further development of the private sector, acceleration of the activities of farms and dekhkan farms, opening the way for en-trepreneurship will greatly contribute to the provision of food to the population.
The following businesses should be active in the market. First, agricultural farmers, agro-clusters, and ranchers form the supply of food. Second, food processing industries; third, market infrastructure entities are engaged in the preparation, transportation, storage and sale of products.
The most problematic among these entities is that this production and market infrastructure is not developed at the level of demand in the region.
The capacity of storage warehouses, transportation, trade areas is not enough.
In Andijan province, many small entrepreneurs are participating in the food market through the relationship between trade enterprises and agriculture. Their efficiency is very low and cannot meet the growing demands of the population.
In the context of deepening reforms in the agricultural sector and liberalization of the economy, the growth of regional independence is determined by the level of development of market relations and the degree to which market principles have been achieved in the region. This requires the direct development of the food market. First of all, the formation of the food market will depend on the formation and development of other types of market in general. However, the food market cannot operate in a separate, segregated manner.
Conclusion and recommendations. Therefore, the formation of a system of regional markets should be done by ensuring their balance. However, taking into account the specifics of the food market, a special approach to its formation and development is required. In this regard, the potential and characteristics of each region is an important factor. In this regard, the formation and development of the food market in Andijan province, which we are analyzing, taking into account its natural and economic and labor potential, as well as its specific demographic characteristics, should be carried out in the following areas:
• Self-sufficiency in quality food products through the development of agricultural production and processing in the region;
• Improvement of the organizational, economic and legal framework to create conditions for the development of trade in industrial food, as well as the creation of complex infrastructure facilities.
The implementation of these measures is of great practical importance in ensuring the full functioning of the regional food market, which serves as an important factor in ensuring food security in the region.
The issue of providing livestock with fodder crops and compound feed is important for the production of meat products of sufficient quality for the regional food market. The development of livestock and poultry farming is closely related not only in the republic, but also in the Andijan province with the size, composition and yield of cotton and grain crops. In recent years, as a result of non-compliance with the crop rotation system in the region, the share of forage crops in the crop structure has decreased from 15.5% in 2000 to 11.4% in
2019. In particular, the share of alfalfa sown areas averages 7.1%. This, in turn, makes it difficult to feed livestock, and also leads to a decrease in soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to include alfalfa in the system of crop rotation of cotton and grain crops and to increase the share of alfalfa in this system at least 10%, to allocate low-yielding lands for fodder crops.
However, the limited arable land in the region, the use of major agricultural lands in agriculture and the amount of agricultural products obtained from agriculture on the basis of existing technologies do not fully meet the needs of the population. Therefore, additional arable land is needed to increase the production of products that complement the fodder base, which is an important basis of the livestock sector, but such land is not available in the region. Therefore, for the development of animal husbandry, the fertile foothills of the neighboring Osh, Maylisay and Jalal-Abad regions of Kyrgyzstan can be used as summer natural pastures by intergovernmental agreement. There are currently pending issues in this regard that can only be addressed within the framework of government leaders.
The analysis shows that in the near future the leading tendency of dekhkan farms for the production of livestock products will continue. Therefore, the provision of the country's population with high-quality and cheap meat and dairy products is directly related to the prompt solution of the existing problems of dekhkan farms. It is necessary to allocate additional land to dekhkan farms in the amount of 0.03-0.04 hectares for each conditional livestock in Andijan province, where land resources are limited. These land plots must be assigned to several farms for a period of three years according to a map intended for sowing alfalfa or other forage crops according to a crop rotation scheme. When changing the type of crops according to the crop rotation scheme, the land plot assigned to the farm is transferred from other cards. As a result, the farm will be able to include cotton, alfalfa and other food crops in the crop rotation scheme.
Dekhkan farms, on the other hand, will have the opportunity, first, to improve the fodder resources of their livestock, increase their numbers and increase their productivity; secondly, families that currently live in rural areas and cannot raise livestock will also be able to raise livestock, which will lead to an increase in livestock in the region; thirdly, it will be possible to increase the share of alfalfa and other fodder crops in the company's
farms to 20% and introduce crop rotation; fourthly, it will be possible to increase the yield of cotton and grain by improving soil composition and increasing fertility. In the future, the composition of the land will improve due to an increase in fodder areas, the production of meat and dairy products will increase by 1.2-1.5 times due to an increase in the livestock population and their productivity.
Providing dekhkan farms with mixed fodders can be solved by increasing the number of retail outlets in rural areas close to producers. Considering that feed mills also act as market participants, their activities must comply with market principles.
It is necessary to create favorable working conditions for them and create a competitive environment among them. Considering the extremely low quality of the compound feeds produced today, it is necessary to strengthen control by the responsible organizations.
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НОСИРОВ Баходиржон Зокирович
кандидат экономических наук, доцент, Андижанский сельскохозяйственный и агротехнологический институт,
Узбекистан, г. Андижан
ЭРГАШЕВ Акмал Абдукаххорович
ассистент, Андижанский сельскохозяйственный и агротехнологический институт,
Узбекистан, г. Андижан
ИСЛАМОВА Дилобар Таиржоновна
старший преподаватель, Андижанский сельскохозяйственный и агротехнологический институт,
Узбекистан, г. Андижан
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО РЫНКА В АНДИЖАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Аннотация. Продовольственный кризис требует срочных действий как на национальном уровне, так и во всем мире, а также разработки долгосрочной стратегии борьбы с голодом. Инфраструктура рынка играет важную роль в формировании регионального продовольственного рынка. Основными опорами рыночной инфраструктуры являются организационная база, в которую входят оптовые и розничные торговые сети, биржи и посредники, а также материальная база, в которую входят склады, транспортные и маркетинговые услуги. В статье рассмотрены пути развития продовольственного рынка в Андижанской области. Предложенная концепция управления региональным рынком предоставляет региональным властям долгосрочную стратегию и определяет возможные альтернативы ее реализации. С его помощью можно обосновать определение способов формирования развитых рыночных отношений; определить социально-экономические, инвестиционные и экологические параметры развития региональных рынков в будущем и сравнить их с реальными возможностями; систему форм и методов хозяйственно-правового управления региональными рынками различных типов. Приведены рекомендации по улучшению объемов предложения продуктов животноводства на продовольственном рынке Андижанской области.
Ключевые слова: продовольственный рынок, продовольственная безопасность, экономика сельского хозяйства, фермерское хозяйство, дехканское хозяйство, инфраструктура, Андижанская область.
