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22DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE CHAIN IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Askarov N.N.
Askarov Nazimjon Niyozovich - Project Manager, Scientific Secretary, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article identifies the problems by studying the status and possibilities of creating a value chain in the agricultural sector. There are also proposals and recommendations for the development of value chain in agriculture of Uzbekistan through the cultivation of products and their delivery to consumers.
Keywords: value, value added, cooperative, cluster, income, organizational and economic basis, incentive, system
It is known that an important factor in ensuring the competitiveness of agriculture is the development of value added in this sector, which, along with increasing the income of producers, also serves to increase social efficiency, mainly through the creation of permanent new jobs.
It should be noted that the adoption of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 23, 2019 PF-5853 "On approval of the Strategy of Agricultural Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030" prioritizes the creation of a favorable agribusiness environment and value chain in agriculture. gave.
One of the factors hindering the growth of exports of greenhouse vegetables and intensive horticultural products is the unsatisfactory level of development of the infrastructure of wholesale food markets. In particular, the lack or inadequate operation of refrigerated warehouses and refrigerators has a negative impact on product quality, which prevents them from carrying out storage of fruits and vegetables for sale when demand for products increases and at high prices. As a result, it has a negative impact on value creation in the network, leading to a break in the value chain.
The limited processing, packaging and storage capacity of farms, which produce the bulk of fruits and vegetables, leads to huge losses. They are also facing negative effects such as seasonal fluctuations in prices and instability of market conditions. This slows down the creation of value added in these businesses. In some cases, the use of traditional methods requires the creation of a value chain based on a complete modernization of the network.
As a result of special attention paid to the export of fruits and vegetables in our country since 2016, the export of fruits and vegetables is growing. The increase in the volume of exports serves to increase the value added by creating the basis for the proliferation of related links (logistics, storage, packaging, delivery, processing).
Looking at the figures, there is no significant change in the volume of agricultural and food exports from 1995 to 2018, but the export nomenclature has expanded during this period. In particular, in 1995, 2.2 billion. Exports of agricultural products amounted to 2.4 billion US dollars in 2016. USD and in 2018 2.9 bln. USD. In 1995, the main export product was cotton fiber, which accounted for 90% of export earnings. In 2018, the share of textile and cotton products in total exports of food and textile products was 55%, cotton fiber 8%, agricultural and food products (mainly fruits and vegetables) 30%.
By the end of 2018, more than 180 fresh and processed fruits and vegetables were exported from the country. In the last 5 years, the geography of exports has expanded and now trade with more than 80 countries. In 2018, 80% of total food exports and 30% of total exports of agricultural and food products (including food, cotton fiber and textiles) accounted for fruits and vegetables, while in 2000 this figure was only 10%. percent. The growth of fruit and vegetable exports has made Uzbekistan the world's second largest exporter of dried apricots, the third largest exporter of dates, the fourth largest exporter of raisins and apricots, the fifth and sixth largest exporter of dried black plums, fresh cherries and plums. It is noteworthy that in recent years, the products grown in the country are exported not as raw materials, but with added value.
It is known that our country has a great potential for the supply of wool and skins in small horned cattle, but in practice very little of it is used. In this network of value-added creation, the country has a huge resource potential, the support of which will serve not only income but also employment of the rural population.
In summary, Uzbekistan's agriculture has favorable natural and climatic conditions, geographical location, rich knowledge and organizational structure, and it is necessary to pay
special attention to the following in order to develop the value chain through the cultivation of products and their delivery to consumers.
- Creating the basis for value creation through the development of effective mechanisms for the provision of financial resources for farms that grow the bulk of agricultural products;
- A clear and consistent regulatory framework is needed to encourage investment. It takes several production seasons to make an investment in agriculture, a situation that requires the adoption of clearly planned and sustainable programs;
- To expand the range of high value-added products, it is necessary to improve transport and logistics and storage systems, upgrade and modernize processing facilities;
- It is expedient to encourage the use of alternative energy to provide the agricultural sector with sustainable energy resources;
- Providing information on changes in market conditions by creating constant and online access to information on producers, service providers and consumer markets;
- To increase the profitability of production, processing, transportation and export costs and to introduce transparent contractual relations in the market, to form business practices that meet the requirements of the international market in the future to form associations of producers' assistance;
- Abandonment of the practice of regulating the prices of agricultural and food products through a gradual transition to market mechanisms of price formation;
- Increase the export potential by ensuring compliance with national quality standards and food safety, taking into account the requirements of major importers of domestic products;
- Development of programs and mechanisms aimed at ensuring compliance of recognized agricultural products with quality standards in the target export markets and assistance in their implementation by enterprises.
References
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