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62DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM SERVICES
Nilufar Rakhmatova Sabo Daliyeva
Student of KarSU Student of KarSU
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the types of services in the field of tourism and their benefits to the development of the industry
Keywords: tourist services, vehicles, accommodation, tourists
A tourism product is a good, a service, or a package of goods and services for people to purchase while visiting a new destination. Tourism products and services help visitors explore the destination that they are visiting by offering them the chance to view attractions, shop for souvenirs, take tours, or purchase experiences. Tourism products are much more than just the tangible souvenir tourists take home to their friends and families; they are the experiences that they have in the NWT and at your business. As a tourism operator, you supply the tourism products. For example, say you are the owner and operator of the Mountain Biking Tour Company, which provides biking tours to active cyclists. Your tourism product would then be mountain biking tours. Keep this company in mind as we will refer to this in later examples.
Sometimes product development involves creating a totally new experience. It may also involve expanding or enhancing an existing product. Expansion of products can focus on new tourist markets, improved product lines, or seasonal experiences. You may want to expand your business by offering a diverse array of tourism products that cater to different types of tourists. This could improve sales, strengthen your current market position or take advantage of new market opportunities. Some examples of product expansion or enhancements include:
• Expanding a service into a new season
• Offering winter gear rental as part of the service
• Hotel pick-ups and drop-offs
Product positioning refers to where a product or service stands in the minds of visitors and/or how they are able to distinguish your products and services from your competitors. It is a strategy for promoting and marketing your products to your specific target audience. Today, it is very important to have an online presence. Nearly all your potential visitors will do their travel research online through their computers, smartphones, or tablets. Visitors will check out potential tourism destinations, products, and services before arriving at a destination. If they cannot locate your business through a search engine, like Google, you may lose out on business.
Some of the things you might consider when developing your product are:
• a personal and business philosophy for why you are developing a tourism product (e.g. you are a cultural knowledge keeper and want to find respectful ways to share your community's stories);
• an understanding of industry trends and market demand (e.g. the Chinese market is growing and you want to include a Mandarin-language tour to your offering);
• the ability to seize opportunities as they arise (e.g. you are a retail store owner and an operator would like to bring a big group of visitors on a Sunday afternoon when you're not usually open);
• a knowledge of visitor needs and buying patterns (e.g. your market research shows that millennials use their phones to do research on a destination so you update your website to be mobile-friendly); and
• familiarization with competitors' products and pricing (e.g. your standard fishing trip is similar to other tourism operators so you price yours slightly lower to be more attractive to cost-conscious visitors.)
Travel for leisure purposes has evolved from an experience reserved for very few people into something enjoyed by many. Historically, the ability to travel was reserved for royalty and the upper classes. From ancient Roman times through to the 17th century, young men of high standing were encouraged to travel through Europe on a "grand tour" (Chaney, 2000). Through the Middle Ages, many societies encouraged the practice of religious pilgrimage, as reflected in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and other literature.
Tourism impacts can be grouped into three main categories: economic, social, and environmental. These impacts are analyzed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and industry organizations.
Your personal or business philosophy should set the foundation of your product development journey. A personal/business philosophy is simply your inspiration for developing a tourism product; for example, you might believe strongly in providing people with exceptional northern hospitality and therefore you decide to open a bed and breakfast. Understanding who visits the North and why they come is also important, as tourists from one part of the world will have different expectations, customs, and needs than those from another part. Seizing opportunities is also important when developing tourism products because the tourism industry is always changing. It is helpful to have a thorough understanding of current market trends and upcoming trends to adjust your service or product offerings to meet the visitor demand. Also, being aware of your competitor's products and pricing will help you when you are ready to price your products so as to not overor under-charge.
Tourism is truly an international/global industry. Tourism is vital to the economy of a country and sustainable tourism development requires an understanding of the complex interrelationships and interactions among a multitude of environmental factors
and interdisciplinary forces that play a critical role in tourism development. While overall the field of tourism has been abundantly researched, there are certain areas where there is a paucity of research, namely, competition analysis, branding and positioning. Our research contributes to this extremely important but relatively less researched subject. Specifically, we study the relationship between destination development and its brand image. We develop a conceptual model which identifies various constructs, processes and linkages involved in the relationship between destination development and its brand image. We propose that the brand image has three components corresponding to the three stages of consumption/travel, namely, pre-travel, during travel, and post-travel. In developing this model we draw upon the interdisciplinary nature of tourism and discuss a variety of influences, such as, economic, social, cultural, political and psychological factors.
These are the products and services created primarily for the tourists and also for the locals. These products need a great share of investments in private sector. A few of them are:
• Accommodations; For example, Taj, ITC Hotels.
• Transportation; For example, Owning taxis, luxury buses, and boats.
• Retail Travel Agents
• Tour Operators
• Shopping Centers such as malls
• Cinema Theatres such as PVR
• Restaurants for Food and Beverages
• Tourism Information Centers
• Souvenirs Outlets
• Museums, Temples, Gardens, and Theme parks
• Residents Oriented Products (ROP)
Here, the products and services are created mainly for the local residents staying at a particular tourist destination. This category requires investment in public sectors more. Some of them are:
• Hospitals
• Public Parks
• Banks and ATMs
• Petrol Pumps
• Postal Service
• Intangible Products of Tourism They include:
• Bookings of accommodations, theatres, and at various sites.
• Tourists' experience by visiting a destination, eating at a restaurant, or performing an activity.
• Tourists' memory which is created by storing the details of events and experience on the tour. The high degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction is often stored as a long term memory.
• Transportation of tourists and their luggage from one place to another.
• Tour Operator's Products and Services
• To realize the facilities and experience a tourism product offers, service is required by skilled and qualified staff. The tour operator provides the following typical products and services.
Accommodations
The tourist destinations are equipped with different types of accommodations. They cater for tourists' stay at the destination.
Serviced - This type of accommodation is supported by skilled staff such as housekeepers, drivers, guides, and cooks.
Self-catering - This accommodation offers staying facilities but dining is required to be self-catered. It is equipped with cooking, fuel and facility, some basic supplies such as tea/coffee/sugar sachets, and a drinking water source.
Hotels - Budget rooms to 7* hotels with classy amenities. The hotels contribute a major share of imparting the experience to the tourists by providing best services and amenities.
Guest Houses - Owned by business or government organizations, which can be used by its staff and staff relatives.
Camping Sites - They are open sites often located in areas of lush greenery. They are equipped with clean place to pitch the personal tent, a water supply, and electric supply. Camp sites have common rest rooms. Reservations
The tour operator is responsible for making reservations for special events or activities the tourists are interested in. At some places, the reservations are required to be done well in advance to avoid last minute hassles. The events or activities such as a music concert or a theatre show, visiting a theme park or a zoo, require people to secure seats or avail entry with prior reservations.
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