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DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINING AND TRANSPORT SECTOR WITH THE USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY IN COMBINATION Karimov Sh.V.1, Kushnaboyev M.M.2, Sultanov T.I.3 (Republic of Uzbekistan)
1Karimov Sherzod Vafo ugli - candidate of technical sciences, associate professor;
2Kushnaboyev Mirziyod Mirzokhid ugli - student;
3Sultanov Temur Ibrokhim ugli - student, DEPARTMENT OF MINING, NATIONAL RESEARCH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY "MISIS" ALMALYK, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: currently, more than 16 thousand units of transport equipment are used at more than 760 mining enterprises in 63 countries. 12 thousand are heavy—duty dump trucks. The share of quarry vehicles in technological transportation of mining enterprises is 75%. The world's leading manufacturers of dump trucks are Caterpillar (USA), Liebherr (Germany), Komatsu (Japan), Euclid-Hitachi (Japan), Terex-Unit Rig (Great Britain), BELAZ Software (Republic of Belarus). One of the main problems of almost all open-pit mining operations today is the transportation of minerals. At the same time, in the zone of intensive deepening of the quarry, the use of large-capacity mainline dump trucks on the lower horizons is difficult due to the limited size of work sites and the need for them to overcome significant slopes in the loaded state.
Keywords: mining and geological, open-pit mining, feeder bunker, quarry, transportation, dump truck, conveyor.
РАЗВИТИЕ ГОРНО - ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В СОВМЕЩЕНИИ Каримов Ш.В.1, Кушнабоев М.М.2, Султанов Т.И.3 (Республика Узбекистан)
1 Каримов Шерзод Вафо угли - кандидат технических наук, доцент;
2Кушнабоев Мирзиёд Мирзохид угли - студент;
3Султанов Темур Иброхим угли - студент, кафедра горного дела, Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС» г. Алмалык, Республики Узбекистан
Аннотация: в настоящее время на более чем 760 горнодобывающих предприятиях в 63 странах мира эксплуатируется более 16 тысяч единиц транспортной техники. 12 тысяч большегрузных самосвалов. Доля карьерной техники в технологическом транспорте горнодобывающих предприятий составляет 75%. Ведущими мировыми производителями самосвалов являются Caterpillar (США), Liebherr (Германия), Komatsu (Япония), Euclid-Hitachi (Япония), Terex-Unit Rig (Великобритания), BELAZ Software (Республика Беларусь). Одной из основных проблем практически всех открытых горных работ сегодня является транспортировка полезных ископаемых. В то же время в зоне интенсивного углубления карьера применение крупнотоннажных магистральных самосвалов на нижних горизонтах затруднено из-за ограниченных размеров площадок работ и необходимости преодоления ими значительных уклонов в загруженном состояние.
Ключевые слова: горно-геологический, разработка открытым способом, питающий бункер, карьер, транспортировка, самосвал, конвейер.
Introduction
Open mining of minerals is the most economical and safe way, which has become widespread in our country and abroad. The increase in the scale of mining is provided by increasing the intensity of mining operations at quarries, due to the involvement of deposits lying at a depth of 300 - 400 and up to 700m [1].
The variety of mining and geological conditions of mineral deposits in our country, the increase in the depth of quarries, the involvement in the development of mineral zones that were previously outside the boundaries of the quarry, led to the spread of combined modes of transport, i.e. those when different types of transport are used within the same transport chain (for example, the transportation of minerals) on separate sections of the route.
The use of various combinations of transport allows you to get the best economic indicators, since each type of transport can be operated in the most favorable conditions for it.
Two schemes of combined transport have become widespread: automobile-railway and automobile-conveyor.
With all types of combinations, transshipment points are of great importance, largely determining the efficiency of combined transport [2].
Актуальными и важными задачами современной горной науки в области открытой разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых следует считать создание инновационных энергии ресурсосберегающих технологий и оборудования, повышающих эффективность и безопасность ведения горных работ. К настоящему времени на большинстве карьеров России усложнились горнотехнические условия: возросли глубина и расстояние транспортирования горной массы и, как следствие, ухудшились экономические показатели работы предприятий. Из-за быстрого роста объемов вскрыши наиболее узким местом становится ее перевозка автомобильным транспортом, с помощью которого из карьеров вывозится до 90% горной массы.
Combined modes of transport are the most promising for mining deep quarries: automobile-railway (AJT), automobile-conveyor (ACT).
Excavator reloading systems (PS) have found wide application in quarries. Currently, in quarries, the largest volume of overloaded rock mass is carried out from road transport to rail (up to 85%), mainly on PS equipped with quarry excavators. Reloading systems are placed inside the quarry, on board and on its surface. At a shallow depth of the quarry (up to 100 - 150 m) PS are often located on board, in deep quarries, as a rule, intra-barrier PS are created at the necks of entrance trenches near railway stations.
The schemes of the most common PS in quarries are given. According to the available classification, excavator PS for their intended purpose are divided into transshipment, accumulating, varietal, averaging. According to the device, they are stacked, side, front and end types. Excavator PS include: an unloading platform for dump truck maneuvers; an excavator; a bulldozer for auxiliary work; a railway loading track (two tracks) located along the PS; sometimes a special excavation.
Figure 1 shows one of the possible schemes of the transshipment point, the loading of the hopper of which is carried out by dump trucks from the shunting platform adjacent to the rear wall of the overpass. The front wall of the bunker overpass has windows through which rock is released. The bottom of the hopper is formed from vibration feeders, which can be used as vibrating conveying devices with self-synchronizing vibration exciters [3].
5 16 2
Fig. 1. The scheme of the transshipment point.
1 - bunker overpass; 2 - articulated dump truck - SAT - 470; 3 - main quarry dump truck - SAT - 785; 4 -elastic working body; 5 - vibration exciters; 6 - bunker with rock mass
The efficiency of motor-conveyor transport for deep quarries has been proven and continues to be confirmed by the experience of domestic and foreign quarries.
The use of motor-conveyor transport makes it possible to achieve a high concentration of production, improve the use of mining equipment, ensure a high degree of automation of technological processes, reduce energy consumption by 14-16%.
The layout and equipment of transshipment points in automobile conveyor transport is largely determined, as is well known, by the physical and mechanical properties of the transported cargo, since transshipment points are located at the junction of cyclic and continuous modes of transport, and conveyor transport imposes rather stringent requirements on the properties of the transported cargo.
For the release of rock mass from the bunkers of transshipment points, the most promising solution is the use of vibrating conveying devices with an extended working body with two vibration exciters installed on its loading and unloading sections [4].
The proposed fundamentally new mining equipment will serve as the basis for the creation of efficient and safe technologies and transport systems for the development of deep horizons of quarries.
References / Список литературы
1. А.В. Юдин, С.А. Упоров, И.Ю. Илатовский Совершенствование и разработка энергосберегающих перегрузочных систем при комбинированном автомобильно-железнодорожном транспорте.
2. В.И. Галкин, Е.Е. Шешко Направления совершенствования перегрузочных комплексов на открытых и подземных горных работах.
3. Использование вибрационных питателей с протяженным рабочим органом при перегрузке горной массы на карьерах.
4. Бахтурин Ю.А. Современные тенденции развития карьерного транспорта // Горный информационно -аналитический бюллетень. -М.: МГГУ, 2009. -№16. -С 403 - 414.
5. Тарасов П.И., Фурин В.О., Ворошилов А.Г., Глебов А.В. Необходимость создания новых углубочных комплексов для кимберлитовых карьеров Якутии // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. -М.: МГГУ, 2006. -№12. -С. 277 - 282.
