CC BY
2УДК 627.7 Rzaeva S. V., Khalilzade E. V.
Rzaeva S.V.
Head of Laboratory of the Department of Electromechanics Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
Khalilzade E.V.
master's student Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (Baku, Azerbaijan)
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN PHENOMENA
OF THE CONCEPT OF AN «ACTIVE» CONSUMER IN A SMART ENERGY SYSTEM
Аннотация: the article examines the role of active consumers in modern energy. It examines key aspects such as renewable energy integration, demand side management, energy communities and cooperatives, and technological innovations including smart meters and energy management systems. The study highlights that active consumer not only consume energy, but also actively participate in its production and management, contributing to energy efficiency and grid sustainability. The article focuses on the importance of the transition to a smart energy system and suggests directions for further development of this concept.
Ключевые слова: active consumer, own generation, electricity, renewable energy.
An active consumer is a participant in the electricity market who has the technological capabilities to control his energy consumption and is ready to participate in demand management measures, independently forming his requirements for the amount of electricity received in a quality form that meets his needs [1].
This study also identified and ordered the main features of an "active" consumer, which can be considered:
a. Presence of technological installations (entire system or individual equipment):
- power consuming installation that can change the load,
- own generation or distributed generation,
- electrical energy storage devices.
b. Implementation of demand-driven activities, including:
- control of energy consumption (reducing or shifting the load over time) to identify a system service that is paid for by the market or based on the minimum cost of electrical energy,
- control of own generation: identifying the degree of generation load, as well as the volume of one's consumption from generation and the amount of energy supplied to the market,
- control of the electricity storage mode:
- accumulation of energy that is generated by its own energy system,
- use of accumulated electricity,
- offering accumulated electricity for sale.
The potential feasibility of the function of an "active" consumer has been identified using the example of various sectors of the national economy, which were selected taking into account the various characteristics of energy-consuming equipment, which includes the duration of operation, shedding the load at another time and the presence of its own generating power (both the possibility of generating electricity in technical terms and and in economics. Based on the analysis of the possible behavior patterns of participants in the industries under consideration in the current conditions and the potential introduction of "smart" technologies, several strategies for consumer behavior have been developed. The results of the analysis are shown in Figures 1-2.
The key functional features of a smart energy system, which reveals the significance of the emergence of "active" consumers, are [2]:
- the motivation for active consumption behavior of the final participant (consumer) lies in the ability to ensure that consumers independently change the
volume and functional characteristics (level of reliability and quality) of the energy received based on the characteristics of their needs and the potential of the energy system, taking into account information about the characteristics of prices, the volume of supply of electrical energy, reliability, quality, etc.
Figure 1. Analysis of the capabilities of an "active" consumer in a household.
Figure 2. Analysis of the capabilities of an "active" consumer in an industrial enterprise.
This mechanism is carried out by identifying a special automation system on the consumer side, which reacts during peak loads in the power system to an increase in price by pre-planned load shedding by reducing energy consumption or turning off pre-planned devices. This system can be used both for large-scale industrial enterprises and for households. It should be noted that both automatic and manual shutdown of devices can be used. This approach thus allows consumers to optimize their costs for energy supply, and on the other hand, energy enterprises to minimize capital investments and operating costs.
Demand Side Management energy management tools are first categorized based on duration of action by consumer behavior:
- Future perspective: mechanisms for increasing energy efficiency,
- Short-term perspective: consumption management tools (Demand response and Load Management) [3].
In addition, these methods can be classified into static and dynamic reaction or response. In other words, this reveals the type of reaction:
- Static actions (eg increasing energy efficiency and standards) - which can be carried out at any time and are not a direct response to specific signals or requests from the system operator,
- Dynamic actions are actions that are carried out in response to reactions that occur in the market, or a system of conditions specified in advance. They are developed as a response to short-term requirements and their effect does not extend beyond their duration (although the total effect of the dynamic actions of all consumers can give a general change in consumer behavior of the energy consumption part and market development).
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Кобец Б.Б., Волкова И.О. Инновационное развитие электроэнергетики на базе концепции SMART GRID - М.: ИАЦ Энергия, 2010. - 208 с;
2. Rahimli I.N., Rzayeva S.V., and Umudov E.E. "DIRECTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY" Вестник науки, vol. 4, no. 4 (61), 2023, pp. 282-288. doi:10.24412/2712-8849-2023-461-282-288;
3. Rzayeva S.V., and Choluev M.E. "USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE OIL PIPELINE" Вестник науки, vol. 3, no. 5 (62), 2023, pp. 785-790
