CC BY
11УДК 338.001.3 6 doi:10.18720/SPBPU/2/id23-58
Tatiana A. Makarenya 1,
Head of the Department of Engineering, Doctor of Economics, Professor;
Obaidi A. Ibrahim Hussein 2, PhD Student;
Ahmed Farid Ahmed Hussein 3,
PhD Student
DEVELOPMENT OF OIL PRODUCING ENTERPRISES IN IRAQ, COGNITIVE STRUCTURING OF KNOWLEDGE
12 3
' ' Southern Federal University, Taganrog, Russia, 1 [email protected];
2 Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education, Nidhal street, Baghdad, Iraq,
2 3
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract. The researchers are trying, through efficient planning and successful management of the Iraqi oil companies sector, to address the waste and depletion suffered by the oil and gas sector in the Central Oil Company as example, which negatively affects the wealth of Iraq and the pattern of sustainable development in it. Due to the absence of effective oil policies in Iraq in the field of production and export, and the lack of oil infrastructure development, the Iraqi oil and gas resources will swing under the weight of prices despite the huge size of these resources and the huge revenues obtained from them, and these resources do not witness a real and ideal investment. So that it serves the economic development and the continuous development in this field, due to the lack of oil companies with high technology in production and export capable of upgrading the oil and gas resources to the ranks of the advanced countries in this field.
Keywords: Iraqi oil sector, oil enterprises, central oil company, strategic planning, management of enterprises, SWOT analysis, value of exports.
Макареня Татьяна Анатольевна 1,
Зав. кафедрой инжиниринга, д-р экон. наук, профессор;
л
Обайди А. Ибрагим Хусейн ,
аспирант;
■5
Ахмед Фарид Ахмед Хусейн ,
аспирант
РАЗВИТИЕ НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В ИРАКЕ, КОГНИТИВНАЯ СТРУКТУРИЗАЦИЯ ЗНАНИЙ
1 2 3 Таганрог, Россия, Южный федеральный университет,
Ирак, Багдад, улица Нидхал, Министерство высшего образования Ирака;
2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]
Аннотация. Исследователи пытаются, посредством эффективного планирования и успешного управления сектором иракских нефтяных компаний, решить проблему отходов и истощения, от которых страдает нефтегазовый сектор в Центральной нефтяной компании в качестве примера, что негативно сказывается на
богатстве Ирака и модели устойчивого развития в нем. Из-за отсутствия эффективной нефтяной политики в Ираке в области добычи и экспорта, а также отсутствия развития нефтяной инфраструктуры иракские нефтегазовые ресурсы будут колебаться под тяжестью цен, несмотря на огромные размеры этих ресурсов и огромные доходы, получаемые от них, и эти ресурсы не являются свидетелями реальная и идеальная инвестиция. Таким образом, это служит экономическому развитию и непрерывному развитию в этой области из-за отсутствия нефтяных компаний с высокими технологиями в производстве и экспорте, способных модернизировать ресурсы нефти и газа до уровня передовых стран в этой области.
Ключевые слова, нефтяной сектор Ирака, нефтяные предприятия, центральная нефтяная компания, стратегическое планирование, управление предприятиями, SWOT-анализ, стоимость экспорта.
A term of planning first appeared in 1910 AD, when it was mentioned in an article by the economist Christian Schwinder. Planning began to be used as a new term in 1928 after the Soviet Union adopted the concept of comprehensive planning. However, planning in practice is an old process that dates back to what was before that, as the steps taken to implement anything is considered a form of planning. Management planning is defined as a drawing of the objectives of enterprises and companies to be reached during a certain period of time. By providing the necessary capabilities to run those plans in an ideal manner, by following some scientific methods. These methods aim to reduce costs, raise production power, and achieve the highest production quality. Planning can be defined in another way, which is that it consists of answers to some questions such as what is the purpose of the organization or the company? What is the current status of the enterprise, how close or far from the goal set by the enterprise or company. What are the factors that help in achieving the goal, what are the most important obstacles that stand in front of the company to achieve it is goal. Also, what are the alternatives available to the institution, and what is the best alternative among them.
There are a lot of benefits that the company derives from management planning, such as setting goals. The process of setting goals is one of the difficult steps, which opens the door for officials to know the options available to them. It also opens the eyes of the employees to the work mechanism, and how to proceed with the established plans with confidence and steadfastness. In addition to the fact that the clarity of the goals instills reassurance in the hearts of employees within the company or institution, as the company's security is a guarantee for their future.
Management planning helps the organization to anticipate the future of the company and the job market as well. This helps the company to arrange its affairs according to those expectations, so that there is no problem or an obstacle to the officials without consideration. It also serves to place the company in front of the reality of its physical and human resources. It also eliminates the conflict of interests of branches of the same company or companies that work together, but rather regulates the mechanism of work between them. It also contributes to the organization of both internal and external control pro-
cesses, thus resisting the waste of various company resources. It reduces production time, but at the same time maintains its quality, prevents randomness and achieves order. Management planning begins with the analysis and evaluation of the current situation of the company or organization, including the available human and material resources. Then comes the role of setting goals that must be flexible, clear and realistic. Develop other alternatives by studying their weaknesses and strengths, and then choose the best alternative among those alternatives. Laying out the general framework of the plan and its basic components, and then comes the role of approving the proposed plan by the officials. After that, the plan will be implemented according to the available resources and information, in addition to the instructions to be followed during the preparation of follow-up reports. Monitoring the results on a continuous basis to ensure that the plan is going in the right direction according to the time period set by the officials.
There are at least 6 basic methods that can be followed during the planning process such as the forecasting method. Which aims to anticipate what is new for the labor market and for the institution through some mathematical calculations and methods. The second method is linear programming, and the third is the network planning method. The fourth method is called management by objectives, and the fifth method is the decision tree. The sixth and final method is the decision matrix method. The optimal method is chosen by experts based on the desired goals of the plan, and the method of work within the various companies and institutions. Characteristics of successful planning there are some characteristics that distinguish a successful planning process such as flexibility, since successful planning must respond to daily changes. Whether changes that may occur in the labor market, or in the laws, or in the administrative structure of the company or institution. The planning should be detailed, precise and customized, and it should be free of randomness. He should be realistic and not be overly optimistic or pessimistic. Also, the plan must have the concept of continuity, to ensure that it runs well without interruption or interruption. You must ensure that the plan is based on sound information and data.
We can use scientific rules of strategic planning to achieve the desired development goals. This point in particular must be a pivotal topic for the advancement of the country from its bitter reality, in addition to that one of the priorities for achieving development and achieving its goals is to start from systematic strategic planning so that it leaves an impact and has a distinctive role to ensure the success of development.
Strategic planning steps necessary to achieve development: Strategic planning includes three main steps, each of which includes secondary steps (strategic analysis, strategy formulating, strategic choice). Strategic analysis of Iraqi environment is analyzed to verify Iraq's potential and capabilities and the expected obstacles in front of it during the development process. Usually, strategic analysis comes at the forefront of the strategic planning steps because it
is considered the first important step, although it is considered as part of strategic planning, will certainly precede real planning. As it involves collecting private data and working on analyzing it.
The strategic analysis includes two steps of analysis: the analysis of the special (internal) environment of Iraq and the analysis of the general (external) environment for it. After the three steps (strategic analysis, strategy formulation, and strategic choice) are completed, the entire strategic planning process has ended and we must move to the stage of direct implementation of comprehensive development in the new Iraq.
Success of strategic planning can be achieve development, which is reflected positively on the success of the comprehensive development project in the country, there are important requirements and observations that must be taken into account, namely:Assigning the task of strategic planning to achieve comprehensive development to a high-level team of experts, providing security and courageous leadership capable of carrying out development tasks and making quick and correct decisions, creating an advanced network of communications and information exchange, flexibility of work and the flow of administrative transactions, quickly adapting to changes in Iraq's environment, both internally and externally, transparency in planning and implementation, continuous review of plans and objectives, continuous monitoring and evaluation, high time management, the optimal investment of the media to prepare and encourage the masses to contribute to the project of achieving comprehensive development, involving all sectors of society in the project and making them aware of bearing part of the responsibility for the success of the development goals, achieving scientific management of personnel and resource management.
The process of studying and analyzing both the internal and external environment of the enterprise, which is nothing but a comprehensive review of the conditions of the enterprise and the diagnosis of its activities and activities in light of many variables and complexities controlled by policies that may be either financial, enterpriseal programs or economic conditions ... etc. And it makes the enterprise able to highlight and identify both (strengths and weaknesses) in its internal environment and (opportunities and threats) in its external environment. With the aim of investing in its future business better and moving away from traditional ways of performance that are no longer commensurate with future developments for enterprises. Preparing a strategic plan is a collective and not an individual responsibility. Starting from the top management down to the smallest workers within the enterprise, so it requires mobilizing all the efforts. Capabilities, accumulated experiences and resources available to know and determine the conditions of the enterprise and it is future and the factors affecting in its internal and external environment that surrounds it. Strategic planning must be characterized by high flexibility in order to be able to face the changes and obstacles that may be encountered when carrying out the process of implementing the strategic plan. Matrix of analysis
(SWOT Analysis) is the basic principle that must be based on the formulation of strategies on a good compatibility between the internal capacity of the enterprise represented by (Strengths and Weaknesses), and its external state represented by (Opportunities and Threats), and each of (Inputs, Processes) (Outputs, Results and Effects) is one of the most important components of the matrix analysis (SWOT Analysis). Which represents an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the enterprise's current programs and operations, and it also includes the perceptions of internal and external stakeholders about the enterprise. Which are collected through (storming sessions (mental, personal interviews and questionnaires).Through which external trends are categorized on each of the political, economic, social, and technological forces.
References
1.Firas F. Fadhil Al-dawoodi. Strategic Developmental Analysis for Investing Oil and Natural Gas Resources in Iraq between Depletion and Sustainability (Midlands Oil Company as a Case Study), A dissertation submitted to the college of administration and economics of the University of Baghdad as a partial fulfillment for the higher diploma degree in strategic planning. 2019. - Pp. 25-75.
2. OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2021, 56th, 57th, 58th editions, enterprise of the petroleum exporting countries. Vienna, Austria. - URL: https://nangs.org (acceded on 01.02.2022).
3. Al-Jubouri, Hussein Muhammad Jawad. Strategic Planning in Public Institutions / Contemporary Thought and Scientific Approach in a Renewed World, First Edition, Safaa company for Publishing and Distribution. Amman, Jordan, 2014. - Pp. 71-90.
УДК 004.8+624.13 doi:10.18720/SPBPU/2/id23-59
Кацко Александр Игоревич \
магистрант;
л
Кацко Дмитрий Игоревич ,
магистрант;
■5
Маций Владимир Сергеевич ,
аспирант
КОГНИТИВНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ОПОЛЗНЕВЫХ
ПРОЦЕССОВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ГЕОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО
МОНИТОРИНГА
1' 2 3 Россия, Краснодар, ФГБОУ ВО КубГАУ им. И. Т. Трубилина,
12 3
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Аннотация. В статье рассмотрена когнитивная карта причин возникновения оползневых процессов. Изучение оползней обычно сопровождается геотехническим мониторингом, предлагается использование идеологии использования теории временных рядов для анализа результатов мониторинга.
Ключевые слова, когнитивная модель, оползень, геотехнический мониторинг, временные ряды.
