CC BY
41
UDC 657.6-051:621.3:620.9.004.18:334.012.33
DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD OF EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HEAT SUPPLY
Pichugin I.L., Post-graduate student Lukinov V.A., Doctor of Economical Sciences Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: dsemernin@mgsu.ru
ABSTRACT
The article presents the analysis of the present local methods of efficiency evaluation of management systems in heat supply. It suggests the method of definition of evaluation complex identifier of the system in whole and its separate blocks. The usage of complex method to evaluate the energy management system efficiency and to adjust the vector of its development is motivated.
KEY WORDS
Energy management; Efficiency; Monitoring; Efficiency evaluation; Complex efficiency.
In the article [1] we suggested the energy management system containing several additional components and blocks having cyclical pattern and providing the usage of the geo information system (GIS) technologies. This provides new possibilities for development of the evaluation method of its functioning efficiency.
At present the evaluation of efficiency is done as a rule according to one of the great number of approaches that is rather unilaterally. The methods of complex evaluation of heat supply by integrated index [3] that came into insight are simple and convenient, but they can be used as one of the aspects of efficiency evaluation of the project.
By means of integration of the suggested by us energy management system on the basis of GIS-platform the possibilities for collecting more complete information on the ground of continuous complex monitoring of the all management system are created. Taking into account all mentioned above in this paper we suggest the method of relative integrated indicator definition which even at the expert estimation stage can help to form the decision matrix and to adjust the vector of heat supply management system development that will provide efficiency increase of its functioning. The essence of the method is in the following.
The list of subsystems that are entitled to further monitoring is being developed at the stage of formation of energy policy and planning. With regard to every subsystem the corresponding rate scale is introduced. It is oriented to the recording of parameter set being obtained as the result of continuous complex monitoring. Finally a unique identifier of efficiency is derived. The system adjustment is done according to it.
Subsystems are selected in strict correspondence to the project requirements and vector of its development and also energy policy and energy planning. From our point of view for the majority of the projects on management system implementation of the regional level in the heat supply branch the following subsystems (blocks) are of maximum interest: social, economic, educational, and administrative.
Parameters for monitoring and efficiency evaluation are formed at the second substage of the preparatory stage of the energy management system organization. Having obtained the analytical data it is necessary to organize the parametric monitoring. At the next substage at the formation of energy policy and long-term strategy the parameters are adjusted and approved. All parameters set is rather situational, the number of rate scales can vary according to the project peculiarities.
At evaluation of efficiency of social subsystem functioning, the basic information is received on-line from heat consumers. The following indicators: consumers’ evaluations of heat supply quality done on-line, comments and complaints are taken into consideration. The
key aspect at such indicator usage as complaints and customers’ comments is elimination of complaint reasons in time. For more comfortable users understanding, evaluations in on-line system are adapted to point graduation of the education system - from 1 to 5 points. This heat supply quality evaluation was used by us in author questionnaires and declared it optimal in respondents’ comments. The absolute majority of respondents gave voice for such on-line evaluation possibility on the corresponding website of the system. This shows actuality and timeliness of the suggested method application.
Table 1 - Index of subsystem efficiency
Index Point indicator
A 4-5
B 3-4
C 2-3
D 1-2
E 0-1
Point indicator calculation is done by formula:
where Et - average point evaluation from users; E. - user’s point evaluation; n - evaluations
number (users that gave the evaluation); k - complaints satisfaction ratio.
Complaints satisfaction ratio is calculated by formula:
k = .
No6^.
where Nyd - number of allowed claims; No6m - total claims number.
From our point of view the social efficiency of heat supply can be adequate evaluated only at timely dynamic response to consumers’ complaints.
Energy management system evaluation is impossible without qualified evaluation of economical constituent of the project. The economic block evaluation is recommended to do according to dynamics of basic indicators in comparison with the reporting period. The necessity of dynamics recording is determined with the model cyclicity.
The indicators group that should be included into the evaluation of economic constituent of the project can vary depending on targets and initial data. They can be the following: profitability and cost of production change, clear profit, percentage of implementation of investments and absolute economizing, etc. According to the described method the evaluation of the economic efficiency is done by point indicator that is calculated on the ground of comparative approach. The indicators should be compared with the analogues on the level of the Federal District, and then it is necessary to lead the grade point average using preliminary interpolation. Applying this method as an object of comparison it is necessary to present the expected indicators at the stage of planning [1].
Et = 1 + (5 -1)
f n - N ^
xyd. j
N - N
V ^. j xyg. j J
where E.. — point evaluation of the analyzed j-th indicator for the i-th group of factors; N.. —
ij V
meaning of the analyzed j-th indicator for the i-th group of factors in natural units of measurement; Nxydj — the worst meaning of the analyzed j-th indicator selected with
*
expertise in natural units of measurement; NV — the best meaning of the analyzed j-th
indicator selected with expertise in natural units of measurement.
After point evaluation for each selected indicator the average performance is calculated.
n
_ ZE b,= JiI—,
n
where Et - average point evaluation of the analyzed j-th indicators for the i-th rgroup of
factors.; E V - point evaluation of the analyzed j-th indicator for the i-th group of factors; n -
number of the j-th indicators for the i-th group of factors in natural measurement units.
According to the obtained complex indicator of the economic efficiency gradation into indexes given in Table 2 is realized.
Table 2 - Index of economic block efficiency
Index Complex indicator of economic efficiency in dynamics
A E5 (the best indicator)
B E4
C E3
D E2
E E1 (the worst indicator)
The existing methods of evaluation of the technical constituent of heat supply result in general in the method of calculation of energy efficiency ratio of heat supply system [5] that is based on the parameter complex accounting. The given calculation method allows to take into consideration great number of nuances and is applied at compiling the energy performance certificate of the object. Some authors suggest the evaluation of energy efficiency, for example, of buildings by means of efficiency factor of different heat supply schemes [4]. Ten classes of efficiency according to the given efficiency factor of a building are suggested. The suggested classification coincides with international gradation according to building efficiency class.
We suggest doing the technical subsystem evaluation on the basis of applying complex efficiency factorKo, which is defined by formula:
K = K * K * K ,
o u m n ’
where Ko- total efficiency factor of the whole subsystem; Ku - efficiency factor of heat source; Km - efficiency factor of heat transmitting system; Kn - efficiency factor of heat consumer.
Application of the given method to evaluate technical subsystem makes possible assignment of indexes according to complex efficiency factor of the heat supply system given in Table 3.
Table 3 - Index of technical subsystem efficiency
Index Complex system indicatorKo ,(%)
A 80-100
B 60-80
C 40-60
D 20-40
E 0-20
At present the problems of climate changing acquire great actuality. At evaluation of the suggested energy management system impact on the ecology it is recommended to apply the method of the set of standards ISO 14000 [2]. Implementation of standard ISO 14001 consists of several basic stages: planning, action, control, adjustment. The criterions according to which the monitoring will be done are introduced. To evaluate the ecological efficiency of the introduced management system is necessary to detect the number of parameters. One of the variants of the complex evaluation of the ecological constituent is supposed the calculation of total indicator Хsum according to the selected ecological criterions [7]. Dependence of index assignment from total indicator is given in Table 4:
1 n
Xsum =“Z Xiki
n i=1
where n - number of component-wise normatives; x - normative of the component condition (in relative values); kt - weight ratio of normative.
Table 4 - Index of efficiency of ecological subsystem
Index of efficiency of ecological subsystem Integrated indicator according to selected ecological criterions Хsum
A Xj (the best criterion)
B X2
C Хз
D *4
E X5 (the worst criterion)
Introduction of the education block is necessary because the successful implementation of the energy management system considerably depends on the level of qualification and efficiency of personnel work. Evaluation is suggested to carry out using staff performance indicators and education performance indicators.
Evaluation of education performance indicator is done by several basic criterions [8;9]:
1. Satisfaction of a trainee;
2. Efficiency of improvements, suggested by an employee after being trained;
3. Teacher efficiency;
4. Course efficiency;
5. Education planning efficiency;
6. Education organization efficiency.
Every criterion is defined by means of the corresponding questionnaire using the method of point evaluation and then weight ratios are assigned according to the criterions and summary calculation of complex performance and education productivity indicator X. The assignment of index of education block efficiency is presented in Table 5.
Table 5 - Index of education block efficiency
Index complex performance and education productivity indicator
A X1(the best indicator)
B X2
C X3
D X4
E X5 (the worst indicator)
On the ground of complex performance and education productivity indicator the education block gradation is realized. At the final stage general efficiency of the project is concluded according to unique identifier. Matrix is comprised for each identifier and as a result it is organized into common table of decision making. Matrix using indexes is presented in Table 6 in general view.
Table 6 - Matrix of decision options
Decision options Block index
V1 Y1
V2 Y2
V3 Y3
V4 Y4
Vn Yn
The goal of decision making stage is the process of bringing indicators to index A.
Each decision option is assigned point indicator Y, based on the strategic planning and
forecasting. The decision on block development is made on its ground. At the final stage the
complex decision is obtained by block from local decisions and the corresponding
adjustments are introduced into the system functioning.
REFERENCES
1. Lukinov V. A., Pichugin I. L. "Regional model of energy management” // "Real estate: economics and management”; № 1, Moscow - 2013.
2. ISO 14001:2004 «Environmental management systems»
3. Kolykhaeva J. A., Filyshinsa K. E., «Complex performance evaluation of heat supply system functioning», «Problems of modern economy», N 1 (41), 2012, p. 322 - 325
4. Shomov P. A., «Methodological approaches to the definition of top-priority investments into energy saving in heat supply systems», Electronic resource URL: http://portal-energo.ru/articles/details/id/563
5. TSN 23-329-2002 of the Orel region
6. Eremkin A. I., Ziganshin M. G., Dmitriev A. V., «Complex indicators of efficiency of air cleaning and industrial emissions at «greenhouse gasses» presence, Electronic resource URL: http://www.rusnauka.com/8_NIT_2008/Tethis/Stroitelstvo/27647.doc.htm
7. Petrov K. M., «General Geoecology», SPb - 2004
8. Vetluzskikh E., «Reference book on personal management» № 2, 2005.
9. Electronic resource URL: http://www.pro-personal.ru/journal/423/131330/
