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TECHNICAL SCIENCES
DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING UNIT ON THE BASIS OF LABORATORY
RESEARCH 1 2 Sultanova Sh.A. , Safarov Zh.E. (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Email: [email protected]
1Sultanova Shahnoza Abduvahitovna - Head of Department, DEPARTMENT OF SER VICE ENGINEERING;
2Safarov Zhasur Esirgapovich - Doctor of technical sciences, Dean, FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, TASHKENT STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the work considers the development of a drying plant based on laboratory research. Development of a drying plant based on laboratory research. Currently, various methods of drying raw materials are used in world practice. The food industry uses a variety of drying plants, as well as a variety of materials that are dehydrated. Experimental studies were performed at the laboratory convection heating water heater and the duration and temperature curves of the drying process of medicinal plants were obtained. Based on the results of experimental studies of the dehydration process in a laboratory installation, an engineering methodology has been developed for calculating the design and technological parameters of an industrial water heating convective installation. Keywords: drying, equipment, quality.
РАЗРАБОТКА СУШИЛЬНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ НА ОСНОВЕ
ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Султанова Ш.А.1, Сафаров Ж.Э.2 (Республика Узбекистан)
1Султанова Шахноза Абдувахитовна - заведующий кафедрой, кафедра оказания услуг техника;
2Сафаров Жасур Эсиргапович - доктор технических наук, декан, факультет машиностроения, Ташкентскийгосударственный технический университет, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в работе рассмотрена разработка сушильной установки на основе лабораторных исследований. В настоящее время в мировой практике используются различные способы сушки сырья. В пищевой промышленности применяются разнообразные сушильные установки, так же как и разнообразные материалы, которые подвергаются обезвоживанию. На лабораторной водонагревательной конвективной установке выполнены экспериментальные исследования и получены кривые продолжительности и температуры процесса сушки лекарственных растений. На основе результатов экспериментальных исследований процесса обезвоживания на лабораторной установке разработана инженерная методика расчета конструктивных и технологических параметров промышленной водонагревательной конвективной установки. Ключевые слова: сушка, установка, качества.
Drying (drying) is the heat and mass transfer process of removing liquids from solids, liquids or their mixtures by evaporation. Most often, moisture or volatile organic solvents act as a liquid to be removed.
The statics of the drying process can be significantly affected by many factors and phenomena. It can be noted that the nature of the surface of a solid is complex, since any heterogeneity complicates the energy distribution function of adsorption centers. It should also
take into account the type of pores, the forces of interaction of moisture molecules with each other and with the walls of the capillaries. Obviously, the smaller the capillary, the stronger these interactions. The drying process is often accompanied by a change in the size of the capillaries, deformation of the body, etc. Despite the fact that by now a huge amount of factual material has been accumulated in this area, a large number of equations of the adsorption and desorption isotherms have been obtained, the modern molecular theory of equilibrium cannot give a strictly analytical description. A number of equilibrium equations can be attributed to successful empirical approximations. When developing engineering methods for calculating the drying process, special attention should be paid to equations containing physically justified parameters and adequately describing the "solid - moist air" systems.
Currently, various methods of drying raw materials are used in world practice. In the food industry, a variety of drying plants are used, as well as a variety of materials that are dehydrated [1].
Among the known designs of dryers in food technology, convective dryers are widely used, in which the dried material flows around a stream of a heated drying agent - air, flue gases, etc. [2]. All convective dryers differ: by the method of organizing the process (periodic and continuous operation); in the direction of movement of the dried material and drying agent (direct-flow and counter-current); by pressure in the drying chamber (atmospheric and vacuum); by type of drying agent (air, gas, steam) [3].
The theoretical basis for calculating the thermophysical processes of heat and mass transfer during the drying of medicinal plants requires knowledge of the specific values of the coefficients of heat and moisture exchange. Obtaining these values is possible only in the process of conducting special laboratory, semi-industrial and full-scale studies. We studied the drying process of plant materials in the laboratory of Tashkent State Technical University. The main requirement for these experiments was the most accurate reproduction of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of medicinal plants.
For laboratory research, an experimental convective drying unit was made, which allows the process of dehydration and fixing the optimal parameters of dried medicinal plants (Fig. 1.) [4].
1 - upper frame; 2 - side frame; 3 - raw materials; 4 - pallet; 5 - gate valve; 6 - boiler; 7 - exhaust pipe Fig. 1. Scheme of the laboratory experimental water heatingdrying equipment
This installation allows you to conduct research: the dynamics of heat and moisture transfer in a layer of a drying medicinal plant; values of specific moisture capacity and moisture conductivity of grass; aerodynamic resistance of the layer depending on moisture and density of the dehydrated plant [5].
References / Список литературы
1. Ayse B., Filiz K. Experimental Investigation of Drying Behavior of Rosehip in a Cyclone-Type Dryer. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation. 7 (6), 2013. P. 1316-1320.
2. Weiguang Yi., Hazel Y. Wetzstein Effects of Drying and Extraction Conditions on the Biochemical Activity of Selected Herbs. Hort Science 46 (1):70-73, 2011.
3. Tarhan S. Selection of chemical and thermal pretreatment combination for plum drying at low and moderate drying air temperatures. Journal of Food Engineering, 2007. 79 (1). P. 255-260.
4. Sultanova Sh.A., Honboyev F.Z., Saidov Zh.Kh. Innovative technology for drying medicinal herbs while preserving biological active substances. International Symposium "Microorganozymes and Biosphere" MICR0BI0S-2015. p. 272.
5. Sultanova Sh.A. Development of a convective drying unit of container type designed for medicinal plants. Chemical Technology. Control and management, 2017. № 1 (73). P. 36-40.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF HEATING GREENHOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF TRANSBAIKAL REGION Abramov S.B.1, Suvorov I.F.2 (Russian Federation) Email: [email protected]
1Abramov Sayan Borisovich - Undergraduate Student; 2Suvorov Ivan Flegontovich - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY, CHITA
Abstract: this article discusses the technology and technical means of heating greenhouses, develops a ring heat supply system for a greenhouse, conducts an experiment to determine the efficiency of accumulation of excess heat, considers the design of a ring heat pump system in greenhouses, uses the obtained experimental data to plot the changes in air temperature in a greenhouse using the heating system of the greenhouse with an accumulator and without an accumulator of thermal energy, increasing the yield of vegetable crops in those face with minimum energy consumption requires continual improvement automatic control system (ACS) microclimate, wherein the temperature condition (TP) is the most responsible among the microclimate. A greenhouse as a controlled object in terms of TR is a non-stationary dynamic object with delay. It is advisable to evaluate the correctness of the selection of operating and design parameters of the greenhouse heating system at the design stage of the automatic control system of the TR using active identification methods.
Keywords: heating system, greenhouse, electric heater, microclimate control circuit, heat source, electric heating device, ring system for providing greenhouses, heat accumulator, storage system.
РАЗРАБОТКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДОГРЕВА ТЕПЛИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАБАЙКАЛЬСКОГО КРАЯ Абрамов С.Б.1, Суворов И.Ф.2 (Российская Федерация)
1Абрамов Саян Борисович - магистрант; 2Суворов Иван Флегонтович - доктор технических наук, профессор, кафедра электроэнергетики и электротехники, Забайкальский государственный университет, г. Чита
Аннотация: в данной статье рассматривается технология и технические средства подогрева теплиц, разработана кольцевая система теплоснабжения теплицы, проведен опыт по определению эффективности аккумуляции излишков тепла, рассмотрено конструктивное
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