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Section 8. Chemistry
Section 8. Chemistry
Kaipbergenov Atabek Tulepbergenovich, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Researcher
Erkaev Aktam Ulashevich, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Shadmanov Okilkhon Yadgarkhoja ogli, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Master's Degree student Tairov Zakir Kalandarovich, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Ph. D., Associate Professor E-mail: atabek2004@mail.ru
Development of compounding powder cleaners
Abstract: The optimal conditions for production of synthetic detergents. On the basis of products and local raw materials recommended different formulations of synthetic cleansers.
Keywords: cleaning products, surfactants, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, foaming, corrosion.
The synthetic detergents (SD) are the highly effective washing preparations containing in the basis from 10 to 40% superficially active agents, and also various additives increasing the washing ability of means. Detergents are products of daily use by the person. In the conditions of market economy of the requirement to them constantly increase.
The problem of cleaning arises in the most various branches of a national economy that testifies to relevance of this problem.
Efficiency of detergent and quality of cleaning of a metal surface considerably depends on properties of the processed surface — its roughness, sensitivity to corrosive attack of detergent, existence to surfaces of oxides, its uniformity.
Technical washing and the cleaners intended for care of the sanitary equipment of bathrooms, toilet rooms, kitchen, household appliances and household goods. They are used for removal of pollution of various nature from firm surfaces of bathtubs, sinks, toilet bowls, gas and electric stoves, refrigerators, washing machines and other household appliances, glazed ceramic coverings, and also for cleaning and washing the house utensils, windows, carpets, etc.
The accelerated development of chemical industry allowed to expand in recent years considerably the range
of domestic SD of technical appointment and to increase their production.
The analysis ofthe let-out SD oftechnical appointment shows that water solutions of the surface-active substances (SAS) and their composition with active additives are more and more applied to degreasing of various surfaces instead ofalkalis. Preparations like emulsions and other two-phase systems are practically absent.
Development of production of SD of technical appointment in us in the country has to be directed on creation of alkaline detergents which allow to exclude use of flammable and toxic solvents.
Proceeding from the above, the purpose of this work was development of compoundings of alkaline SD on the basis of local resources: soda ash (receive from chloride of sodium of the Barsakelmes field and limestone of the Dzhamansay field in Kungrad Soda Plant Unitary Enterprise) and the caustic soda (received on a way of a kaustifikation of solution of the calcinated soda limy milk), sodium metasilicate (received from quartz sand of the Navoi field) and surfactant.
Based on literature data, we constructed polyterm solubility diagrams of Na2CO3-NaOH-H2O (figure) [2; 3] and the selected number of super-alkali compositions containing Na2CO3 and NaOH in a ratio of 1 ^ 10-1, respectively (Table 1).
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Development of compounding powder cleaners
Figure 1. Polyterm of the chart of solubility of system Na2CO3-NaOH-H2O Table 1. - Structure super — alkalis
№ Designation of a figurative point in system Na3CO3-NaOH-H3O Na3CO3 NaOH H3O Total
1 C2 61.54 15.38 23.08 100
2 C4 2 37.50 25.00 37.50 100
3 C5 2 28.57 28.57 42.86 100
For improvement of the washing ability and technical detergents with additives of metasilicate of decrease in corrosion action we prepared recipes of sodium and surfactant (Table 2).
Table 2. - Compounding of synthetic detergents of technical appointment
№ Components Number of samples
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Super — alkalis (numbers of samples of table 1) 1 — — 88 88 88 88 88 88 92 84
2 — 88 — — — — — — — —
3 88 — — — — — — — — —
2 SAS SLES, 70% — — — 4 2 2 — — — —
Cocamidopropyl betaine, 40% — — — — — 2 — — — —
LABSA 4 4 4 — 2 — — 2 2 2
SLS — — — — — — 4 2 2 2
3 Soc ium metasilicate 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 12
The experimental datas show that with strengthening of solution from 1 to 10% at all compoundings of value pH increase from 9.15-9.45 to 9.19-9.80 for SD exemplars 1 and 6 (Table 3).
Changing species surfactant (LABSA, SLES and SLS) in the compositions of the samples 3, 4 and 7, increases the pH from 9.45 to 9.70 to 5% solution. The reason for increasing the pH of the solutions SD technical
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Section 8. Chemistry
purposes are the high pH of 1% solution of initial of the sample, which amounted to 2.2; 9.8; 13.0 cm and
surfactant (6.7, 7.4 and 8.1, respectively), which has a 49.5; 62.5; 78.8%, respectively.
positive effect on the height of the foam and detergency
Table 3. - Functional indicators of synthetic detergents of technical appointment
Numbers of samples of table 2 pH Height of foam, cm The washing ability,%
Concentration of solutions, masses.%
1 5 10 1 5 10 1 5 10
1. 9.15 9.16 9.19 9.3 4.0 1.8 19.5 22.6 28.9
2. 9.36 9.57 9.66 7.0 4.0 1.5 39.8 39.8 42.6
3. 9.35 9.45 9.5 8.0 2.2 1.0 48.8 49.5 49.7
4. 9.34 9.56 9.61 5.0 9.8 12.0 60.2 62.5 63.9
5. 9.35 9.55 9.65 8.0 8.0 3.0 40.0 41.3 44.4
6. 9.45 9.71 9.80 5.5 9.5 10.0 59.3 61.6 64.3
7. 9.45 9.70 9.80 7.0 13.0 13.0 77.1 78.8 85.4
8. 9.40 9.55 9.62 11.0 6.5 2.5 42.1 42.9 51.7
9. 9.35 9.50 9.54 7.5 8.0 2.0 64.3 71.8 75.6
10. 9.29 9.35 9.40 10.5 8.0 2.0 79.5 80.2 87.7
Follows from table 3 that increase of the content of metasilicate of sodium from 4 to 8% leads to increase of height of foam from 7.5 to 11.0 cm at 1% concentration of solution, and further increase of concentration leads to decrease in foaming to 8.0 cm (samples 8, 9 and 10, Table 3).
It should be noted that at increase of concentration of water solution to 10%, when using linear LABSA, foam height sharply falls to 1.0 cm, and at addition of a SLES or a SLS, on the contrary, increases to 12 and 13 cm respectively.
When using various surfactant the washing ability increases from 48.8 to 77.1% (samples 3, 4 and 7). When comparing various surfactant in identical conditions, SLS shows the highest washing ability which is equal 77.1%. And at a combination of surfactants the washing ability increases to 79.5%.
Thus, the optimum composition of technical detergent (samples 7 and 10) who show high activity at an cleaning of samples of cotton fabric and glass from starched and pigmentary and oil spots, different types of ink and others is offered.
References:
1. http://www.znaytovar.ru/s/CHistyashhie-sredstva.html
2. Kaipbergenov A. T., Erkaev A. U., Toirov Z. K. The development of technology syntetical detergent of technical use. European Applied Sciences № 8 2015, Germany. P. 74-77.
3. Kaipbergenov A., Erkaev A., Shadmanov O., Toirov Z. Composition of technical detergent on the basis of super - alkalis//Collection of scientific works of the international scientific and practical Internet conference “Tendencies and Prospects of Development of Science and Education in the conditions of Globalization”. -Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky, 2015. Ed. 8. - P. 505-507.
Khamrayev Mukhamadi Shirinovich, Uzbekistan Folk Medicine Academy E-mail: academ_avicenna@yahoo.com
From the history of Uzbek school of colloidal science: Basic laws of hydration structure formation with high-molecular compounds
Abstract: Currently, the basic discussion subject for the mechanism of structure formation in the system of bonding agents is the most initial hydration stage — the mechanism of hydrate formation and the role of initial substance dissolving in this process. The unequivocal information in direct experiment cannot be obtained by means of traditional methods used in hydration researches, as the presence of liquid water presenting the principal
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