CC BY
8
УДК: 631.339.18
Sultonov I.K. master's course Iminov T.N., Ph.D. department of agribusiness and marketing Andijan Agricultural Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICROLOGISTICS SYSTEM IN
AGRICULTURE
Summary: The article analyzes the state of agricultural logistics and its prospects. The author's vision is given on the formation of a logistics complex system and its capabilities in ensuring effective supply chains for agricultural products.
Key words: logistics, agricultural development, logistics infrastructure.
The concept of "logistic system" is a special case in relation to the general concept of a system in economics. Therefore, the general properties of systems can be used to characterize logistics systems in agriculture. Distinctive properties of logistics systems are the presence of a streaming process and system integrity.
Features of the functioning of logistics systems in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is an urgent issue at the present stage of economic development. There are four main properties that an object must have in order to be called a logistic system: integrity, articulation (emergence); communication; organization; integrative qualities [1].
Property 1. Integrity and segmentation.
Structural parts of the logistics system at the macro level of the agro-industrial complex: agricultural enterprises; processing industry enterprises; transport, commercial intermediary and trade enterprises.
Property 2. There are significant connections between the elements of the logistics system.
In a market economy, agro-industrial enterprises are interconnected by contracts, product delivery schedules, agreed transportation routes, divisions of the enterprise by production relations.
Property 3. Organization.
When organizing the movement of material flows in the agro-industrial complex system, it is necessary to provide consumers with the necessary goods as needed.
Property 4. Integrative qualities.
The presence of a system of qualities inherent in the system as a whole, but not inherent in any of its links separately.
According to the scale of their activity, logistics systems are subdivided into macrological, mesological and micrological. A macrologistic system is a large
material flow management system that unites industrial enterprises, commercial intermediaries, trade and transport organizations of various departments to achieve a single goal.
Macrologistic systems are classified in four characteristics (1):
1. By administrative-territorial division;
2. By object-functional properties are distinguished;
3. By the degree of globalization of systems;
4. Depending on the type of supply chains.
Mesologistic systems are formed when enterprises are merged. In the creation and functioning of these associations, the unified information support of the processes of movement of material and financial flows is important. Micrologistic systems are subsystems OR structural components of macrologistic systems. These include production and trade enterprises, territorial production complexes, then technologically related production, united by a single infrastructure. There are three types of micrologistic systems.
View 1. Internal systems improve material management within the enterprise.
View 2. External systems - solve problems related to the management and optimization of material and related flows from the enterprise to
destinations.
View 3. Integrated systems - include a control cycle from suppliers of raw materials to a manufacturing enterprise, material flows within the enterprise, as well as from the enterprise to points destination.
The use of separation into macro-, meso and micrologic for the study of the agro-industrial complex assumes that the macrologistic system is an area. The mesologistic system is the level of the region of the region. A micro-logistic system, in turn, is a settlement in an area as a territorial-production unit. To change the direction and composition of material and related flows, logistics operations and functions are performed.
A logistic operation is an elementary action associated with the transformation or absorption of material and related flows.
Logistic operations performed with material flow include: loading, unloading, packing, transshipment of one type of transport to another, sorting, picking, marking, etc.
Logistic operations that are associated with information and financial flows: collection, storage and transmission of information about the material flow; settlements with suppliers of goods and logistics intermediaries; cargo insurance; transfer of ownership of the goods.
Logistic function is a separate set of logistic operations performed in the implementation of the assigned tasks. The separation of logistics operations is associated with the allocation of structural units at the enterprise responsible for inventory management, purchases, transportation, warehousing, cargo handling, and customs clearance of goods.
Distinguish between basic and supporting functions of logistics. The main functions include the following logistics functions.
Function 1. Purchase of material resources. Includes the following tasks: selection of suppliers of spare parts; determination of rational periods of time between deliveries; definition optimal order size.
Function 2. Transportation. A set of processes of transportation, transshipment, loading, unloading, forwarding and other logistics operations.
Function 3. Inventory management. It is a process of creation, control, rationing and regulation of the levels of all types of stocks at an agricultural enterprise.
Function 4. Management of ordering procedures. The timeliness of receiving and processing orders directly determines the quality of customer service. Function 5. Information and computer support. Supporting logistics functions include:
Function 1. Warehousing. Includes the following logistic tasks and operations: planning the placement of goods in the warehouse; rotation of goods in the warehouse; order picking; organization of cargo delivery.
Function 2. Management of returns of low-quality goods and reusable containers, including logistics operations: handling claims; organization of delivery of returned products; to place defective products in a warehouse; documenting the returned goods.
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