CC BY
2
UDC 33
Atayev G.G.,
A student of the Faculty of Economics and Management of Engineering and Technical Institute and Institute of Transport
Communications of Turkmenistan.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MARKET ECONOMY Annotation
A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand. The major characteristic of a market economy is the existence of factor markets that play a dominant role in the allocation of capital and the factors of production.
Keywords:
production, market economy, system, private, factors.
Атаев Г.Г.,
Студент факультета экономики и менеджмента, Инженерно-технический институт и институт транспортных коммуникаций Туркменистана.
Ашхабад, Туркменистан.
РАЗВИТИЕ РЫНОЧНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ Аннотация
Рыночная экономика - это экономическая система, в которой решения относительно инвестиций, производства и распределения среди потребителей определяются ценовыми сигналами, создаваемыми силами спроса и предложения. Основной характеристикой рыночной экономики является существование рынков факторов производства, которые играют доминирующую роль в распределении капитала и факторов производства.
Ключевые слова:
производство, рыночная экономика, система, частный, факторы.
Market economies evolved from traditional economies where people bartered for goods and services, and did not have a currency. As the concepts of money, voluntary exchange, and individual property rights developed, market economies arose as one of three modern economic systems. A market economy is economy in which the prices of the products and services are chosen in a free price system that is decided by supply and demand. It began around the late 18th century, after the Industrial Revolution. A key work was Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, 1776. The activity in a market economy is unplanned. It is not organized by any central authority but is instead determined by the supply and demand of goods and services. The United States, England, and Japan are all examples of market economies. A market economy is a type of economic system where supply and demand regulate the economy, rather than government intervention. A true free market economy is an economy in which all resources are owned by individuals. Brief explanations are given for these characteristics of the market system: private property, freedom of enterprise and choice, the role of self-interest, competition, markets and prices, the reliance on technology and capital goods, specialization, use of money, and the active, but limited role of government. Consumers have a wide variety of products to choose from. Innovation is encouraged because of the profit motive and self-interest of the market participants. Competition ensures better quality products, hard-working labor, and hence overall high efficiency. The Market Economy is a market system where
businesses independently produce goods and services based on their demand in the market. In this type of economy, all means of production are under the control and ownership of private entities or individuals.
Market economies have little government intervention, allowing private ownership to determine all business decisions concerning how a business is run. This type of economy leads to greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation. Markets can be physical, like a retail outlet, or virtual, like an e-retailer. Examples include illegal markets, auction markets, and financial markets. Markets establish the prices of goods and services, determined by supply and demand. A consumer good, or final good, is the end product a business produces that is purchased by a consumer. Consumer goods can be classified as durable, non-durable, or services. Marketing of consumer goods depends upon the use, price, and features of the item. From the consumer point of view, pure competition is the best type of market, because it gives consumers the greatest consumer surplus and maximizes total surplus for the economy. Market efficiency refers to how well current prices reflect all available, relevant information about the actual value of the underlying assets. A truly efficient market eliminates the possibility of beating the market, because any information available to any trader is already incorporated into the market price. Market failure refers to inefficient allocation of resources in the free market that occurs when individuals acting in rational self-interest generate less-than-optimal economic outcomes.
Capitalist economy is the suitable other name for market economy because in the capitalist kind of economics, the price is determined by the market forces i.e. by the market forces of demand and supply and no government intervention exists. Market economies work using the forces of supply and demand to determine the appropriate prices and quantities for most goods and services in the economy. It focuses on the four theories that are generally recognized as fundamental to the discipline of economics: the invisible hand, comparative advantage, the law of markets, and the quantity theory of money. These theories have profoundly influenced the world. A market system is the network of buyers, sellers and other actors that come together to trade in a given product or service. The participants in a market system include: Direct market players such as producers, buyers, and consumers who drive economic activity in the market. References:
1. Tucker, Irvin B., Macroeconomics for Today. West Publishing. P. 491[ISBN missing]
2. Chappelow, Jim (29 January 2020). «Centrally Planned Economy». Investopedia. Scott, Gordon, rev. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
3. Nick Manley, «Brief Introduction To Left-Wing Laissez Faire Economic Theory: Part One».
4. Lord Sacks, «Rediscovering Religious Values in the Market Economy», HuffPost, February 11, 2012.
© Atayev G.G., 2023
УДК 331
Билалова З.Х.
магистрант направления «Экономика» Профиля «Учет, анализ и аудит» Дагестанский государственный университет Российская Федерация, Республика Дагестан,
г. Махачкала
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ДОКУМЕНТООБОРОТА ОПЕРАЦИЙ ПО УЧЕТУ РАСЧЕТОВ С РАБОТНИКАМИ ПО ОПЛАТЕ ТРУДА
Аннотация
Данная статья посвящена проблемам организации документооборота операций по учету оплаты
