CC BY
0Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU Farg'ona filiali "Al-Farg'oniy avlodlari" elektron ilmiy jurnali ISSN 2181-4252 Tom: 1 | Son: 2 | 2024-yil
"Descendants of Al-Farghani" electronic scientific journal of Fergana branch of TATU named after Muhammad al-Khorazmi. ISSN 2181-4252 Vol: 1 | Iss: 2 | 2024 year
Электронный научный журнал "Потомки Аль-Фаргани" Ферганского филиала ТАТУ имени Мухаммада аль-Хоразми ISSN 2181-4252 Том: 1 | Выпуск: 2 | 2024 год
DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID ENERGY COMPLEX WITH MICRO-HYDRO AND SOLAR
POWER IN UZBEKISTAN
Mirzakarimov Baxtiyor
Fergana branch of the Tashkent university of information technologies named after Muhammad al-Khorazmi
mirzakarimovb@gmail .com
Mamadalieva Lola,
Fergana Polytechnic Institute, professor iaxaitov@gmail .com
Xayitov Azizjon,
Fergana Polytechnic Institute,assistant iaxaitov@gmail .com
Abstract: The article outlines the development of an energy device combining a micro-hydroelectric power station and a solar photovoltaic installation. This combined energy system was installed at the "Akbarzhon Korki" family enterprise in the Sokchilik microdistrict, Toshlok district, for experimental research. The setup includes a 4 kW solar photovoltaic system and a 0.7 kW micro-hydroelectric power plant. The electricity generated was used for lighting, a refrigerator, an electric stove, a modem, and video surveillance equipment. Over a year, the enterprise utilized 2,124,000 soums worth of electricity from this system, resulting in an economic efficiency of 12,599,000 soums.
Keywords: Energy device, Block diagram, Microhydroelectric power station, Solar photovoltaic installation, Combined energy system, Experimental research, Family enterprise, Akbarzhon Korki, Sokchilik microdistrict
Introduction.
According to the International Energy Agency, if underground fuel reserves are consumed rapidly, the world's oil supply will last for 53 years at 1.734 trillion barrels, natural gas for 60 years at 196.8 trillion cubic meters, and coal for over 150 years. Due to the uneven global distribution of these fuel resources, many countries face economic energy dependence. This energy shortage limits their economic development.
The heavy use of natural gas in industrial electricity production results in substantial emissions of toxic gases into the environment and contributes to the continuous depletion of fuel reserves. This daily consumption not only impacts air quality but also accelerates the exhaustion of natural gas resources.
Rapid economic growth and industrialization heavily rely on electrical energy. Ensuring sustainable development requires providing communities with reliable, secure, and affordable energy services . By
integrating renewable resources, a larger share of electricity consumption can be met, offering a stable and consistent energy supply. Consequently, transitioning to renewable energy sources has become an urgent and significant priority. This shift is crucial not only for maintaining economic growth but also for achieving long-term sustainability and energy security. The adoption of renewable energy helps mitigate the environmental impacts associated with traditional fossil fuels, thereby promoting a cleaner and healthier environment.
In our republic, significant emphasis is placed on integrating renewable energy sources into social, housing, communal services, and various economic sectors to address the energy deficit and enhance energy efficiency. A notable initiative includes a state subsidy of 1000 soums per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced by solar panels installed on private properties and contributed to the unified electric power system.
119
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU Farg'ona filiali "Al-Farg'oniy avlodlari" elektron ilmiy jurnali ISSN 2181-4252 Tom: 1 | Son: 2 | 2024-yil
"Descendants of Al-Farghani" electronic scientific journal of Fergana branch of TATU named after Muhammad al-Khorazmi. ISSN 2181-4252 Vol: 1 | Iss: 2 | 2024 year
Электронный научный журнал "Потомки Аль-Фаргани" Ферганского филиала ТАТУ имени Мухаммада аль-Хоразми ISSN 2181-4252 Том: 1 | Выпуск: 2 | 2024 год
Additionally, continuous electricity production is achieved through the modernization of existing micro-hydroelectric power plants, the development of new types, and their integration with solar photovoltaic power plants.
The utilization of alternative energy sources helps reserve electrical energy. However, each type of alternative energy converter has its own limitations. To mitigate these drawbacks, combining different energy sources proves beneficial. For instance, solar panels are utilized during the day or when water flow is insufficient, while micro-hydropower is harnessed in the evening or during cloudy weather. This hybrid approach ensures a more consistent and reliable energy supply by compensating for the intermittent nature of each individual source. This strategy not only enhances energy reliability but also supports the broader goal of sustainable development and energy security.
A proposed scheme for the parallel connection of multiple renewable energy sources was introduced by A. V. Akkuratov and colleagues. When two or more of these sources are connected in parallel, their voltages typically differ. In such setups, if one source exhibits a higher voltage than the others, it becomes the primary electricity supplier to the consumer. Lower-voltage sources, instead of contributing energy, switch to a mode of energy reception. This leads to energy losses, as some of the energy from the dominant source is diverted to the others, resulting in decreased overall energy efficiency[1].
To address this issue, a comprehensive block diagram of an integrated energy device was developed. This device incorporates both a solar photovoltaic power plant and a microhydroelectric power plant. This integration allows for the sequential connection of the solar photovoltaic plant and the microhydroelectric power station over time, thereby enhancing overall energy efficiency.
Figure 1 illustrates a simplified version of this energy system based on renewable sources, as detailed in utility model FAP 02108, focusing on two sources: a block diagram depicting the integrated energy device comprising a solar photovoltaic plant and a microhydroelectric power plant.
Here's how the power plant operates: Solar energy is harnessed by solar photovoltaic power plant No. 1, while water flow energy is utilized by microhydroelectric power plant No. 2. The rectifier 3 adjusts the voltage from the microhydroelectric power station to a constant level. The first control unit 6 measures voltages and generates pulses, with their duration determined by their magnitude. These pulses are then supplied to switches 4 and 5, which operate alternately, and to boost converter 7, which operates continuously. Consequently, the boost converter receives energy from the sources through open switches and generates a stable voltage at its output[2].
Figure 1 depicts a schematic of an integrated energy system comprising a solar photovoltaic plant and a microhydroelectric power plant. The combined setup includes components such as a solar power plant (1), microhydroelectric power plant (2), rectifier (3), controlled switches (4 and 5), first control device (6), boost converter (7), second control device (8), current measuring device (9), additional controlled switches (10 and 11), current measuring devices (12 and 13), battery (14), ballast load (15), inverter (16), and load (17).
Control unit 8 manages the functions of energy accumulator 14, ballast load 15 (which absorbs surplus power), and load 17 (receiving energy via inverter 16). It utilizes current measuring devices 9, 12, and 13, alongside controlled switches 10 and 11, to redirect excess power to the ballast load, regulate battery usage, and oversee its charging process.
120
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU Farg'ona filiali "Al-Farg'oniy avlodlari" elektron ilmiy jurnali ISSN 2181-4252 Tom: 1 | Son: 2 | 2024-yil
"Descendants of Al-Farghani" electronic scientific journal of Fergana branch of TATU named after Muhammad al-Khorazmi. ISSN 2181-4252 Vol: 1 | Iss: 2 | 2024 year
Электронный научный журнал "Потомки Аль-Фаргани" Ферганского филиала ТАТУ имени Мухаммада аль-Хоразми ISSN 2181-4252 Том: 1 | Выпуск: 2 | 2024 год
Methodolgy.
To facilitate the study and determine the geometric and hydraulic parameters of the Archimedes screw, specific characteristics will be established. These parameters, depicted in Figure 2, include the screw's geometric attributes[4].
• the outer radius Ra
• the inner radius Ri
• the pitch of the screw S
• the total length L
• the threaded length Lb
• the number of blades N
• the inclination of the screw P
The hydraulic parameters are:
• the inflow Q
• the geodesic head H.
Figure 2 illustrates the longitudinal section of the Archimedes screw turbine.
The turbine design specifies a fixed number of blades, denoted as N=1, based on findings by Maulana et al. [3], indicating that turbines with a single blade exhibit a more inclined pressure distribution, enhancing stability. The length of the screw (Lb) is standardized at 1.89 meters. The drop height, determined by the site's topography, is established at 0.8 meters. Lastly, the outer radius (Ra) is set at 0.34 meters.
Not all water entering the Archimedean turbine contributes to electricity generation. Some water flows through the gap between the blades and the frame, while the remainder forms an excess water layer once the blade capacity reaches its optimal level.
Results.
For micro-hydroelectric power plants designed for low-pressure operation, an Archimedean screw
turbine was selected. The installation site chosen for this turbine was the family enterprise "Sokchilik Akbarjon Korki," situated in the Sokchilik district of the Toshlok district within the Fergana region. The Archimedes screw turbine was initially installed in a concrete pit, with research conducted in April during the spring season[5].
The water level measured 0.8 meters, with a water flow rate of 0.12 meters per second. Utilizing formula (8), the mechanical power achievable from this water flow was calculated to be 1000 watts. Consequently, Archimedes installed an asynchronous generator with a power rating of 700 watts on the screw turbine.
Figure 3a illustrates the appearance of the concrete pit designated for the installation of the Archimedes screw turbine.
Figure 3 showcases the view of the ditch (a) and the installation site of the Archimedes screw turbine (b).
The deflection angle of the turbine was incrementally adjusted from 100 to 400 degrees, and both theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted, as depicted in Figure 4.
121
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU Farg'ona filiali "Al-Farg'oniy avlodlari" elektron ilmiy jurnali ISSN 2181-4252 Tom: 1 | Son: 2 | 2024-yil
"Descendants of Al-Farghani" electronic scientific journal of Fergana branch of TATU named after Muhammad al-Khorazmi. ISSN 2181-4252 Vol: 1 | Iss: 2 | 2024 year
Электронный научный журнал "Потомки Аль-Фаргани" Ферганского филиала ТАТУ имени Мухаммада аль-Хоразми ISSN 2181-4252 Том: 1 | Выпуск: 2 | 2024 год
Figure 4 presents the graph depicting the relationship between power and turbine deflection angle.
As depicted in the graph, at a turbine deflection angle of 250 degrees, the maximum theoretical power reaches 1000 W, while the maximum power attained from experimental analysis amounts to 684.4 W.
Furthermore, Figure 5 illustrates the relationship between power and water consumption. It is evident that as both theoretical and experimental power values rise, there is a corresponding increase in water consumption[8].
experiment theoretieal
5 1200
oT
1000
800
600
400
200
0
920.6 1000 L050.7 108 10.9
745.8 ^'* 684.4 705.7 716.5
^r 587.8
420.7
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25 Q, mZ/h
Figure 5 displays the graph illustrating the relationship between power and water consumption.
A combined power plant was constructed based on the block diagram, comprising a 4 kW solar photovoltaic plant and a 0.7 kW micro-hydroelectric power plant. This integrated energy device includes an Archimedes screw turbine, 8 solar panels rated at 500 W each, a hybrid controller, 2 batteries with a capacity of 60 Ah, a 5 Ohm ballast load with a power rating of 3000 W, and a CH-4000W inverter. The controller utilized for this setup was a hybrid device manufactured by MARS ROCK, originating from China.
The graph indicates that electricity was primarily sourced from the solar photovoltaic plant during daylight hours due to the higher electricity
demand. Solar radiation peaked at 3898.78 W between 08:00 and 13:00 and tapered off from 14:00 to 19:00. In the absence of sunlight in the evening, the Archimedes screw turbine was utilized.
Following the implementation of the combined energy device at the family enterprise, 2,124,000 soums worth of electricity generated by the device was consumed for the enterprise's internal requirements over the year, resulting in an economic benefit of 12,599,000 soums. The structural diagram of the developed combined power plant achieved an energy efficiency of 14%.
Upon calculating the results of theoretical and experimental studies for the solar photovoltaic installation, microhydroelectric power stations, and combined energy device using the coefficient of determination formula, errors of 3%, 8%, and 4% respectively were observed.
The maximum power output of the combined power device was 4700 W, while the power obtained in experimental studies totaled 3796 W. The net power factor is determined using the following formula.
P
1 =
3796
= 0.807
Pnax 4700
The combined power plant achieved an efficiency of 80.7%. Following the implementation of the combined energy device at the family enterprise, the electricity generated by the device was utilized for the enterprise's internal requirements, amounting to 2,124,000 soums over the course of a year. Additionally, an economic efficiency of 12,599,000 soums was realized.
Conclusion. An Archimedes screw turbine was selected for a low-pressure microhydroelectric power station, and experimental studies were conducted at the Sokchilik family enterprise "Akbarzhon Korki" in the Tashlok region. A block diagram of an energy device was devised, encompassing both a solar photovoltaic installation and a microhydroelectric power station. This block diagram served as the blueprint for developing a combined power plant, comprising a 4 kW solar photovoltaic plant and a 0.7 kW microhydroelectric power plant. To meet the needs of
122
Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi TATU Farg'ona filiali "Al-Farg'oniy avlodlari" elektron ilmiy jurnali ISSN 2181-4252 Tom: 1 | Son: 2 | 2024-yil
"Descendants of Al-Farghani" electronic scientific journal of Fergana branch of TATU named after Muhammad al-Khorazmi. ISSN 2181-4252 Vol: 1 | Iss: 2 | 2024 year
Электронный научный журнал "Потомки Аль-Фаргани" Ферганского филиала ТАТУ имени Мухаммада аль-Хоразми ISSN 2181-4252 Том: 1 | Выпуск: 2 | 2024 год
the family business, various loads such as lighting systems, CCTV systems, modem devices, electric cooking stoves, and refrigerators were connected, ensuring uninterrupted power supply for the family enterprise.
References:
1. O.O. Bozarov, et.al, Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 2(9), 720-728 (2022).
2. A. Hizkiel Nebey, Renewables 8(4) 213-23 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40807-021-00067-w.
3. Zulunov R., Otaqulov O. THE LIMITATIONS OF TEACHING JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS //Потомки Аль-Фаргани. - 2023. - Т. 1. - №. 2. - С. 37-40.
4. Kayumov A. СОЗДАНИЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРОГРАММЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ТЕКСТИЛЬНЫХ МАШИН //Потомки Аль-Фаргани. - 2023. - Т. 1. -№. 2. - С. 49-52.
5. Soliyev B. Python-Powered E-Commerce Arrangements in Uzbekistan //Conference on Digital Innovation:" Modern Problems and Solutions". - 2023.
6. Soliyev B. Python's Part in Revolutionizing E-Commerce in Uzbekistan //Conference on Digital Innovation:" Modern Problems and Solutions". - 2023.
7. Kayumov A. The role of artificial intelligence in the educational process //Потомки Аль-Фаргани. - 2023. - Т. 1. - №. 1. - С. 35-38.
8. Zulunov R., Soliev B. Importance of Python language in development of artificial intelligence //Потомки Аль-Фаргани. - 2023. - Т. 1. - №. 1. - С. 7-12.
123
