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Section 7. Technical sciences
References:
1. Kabulov V. K. Algorithmization in the Theory of Elasticity and Deformation Theory of Plasticity. - Tashkent: FAN, 1966. - 394 p.
2. Abdusattarov A., Yuldashev N., Isomiddinov A. et al. Numeric Methods of Design of Bearing Elements of Thin-Walled Structures under Spatial Loading. - Tashkent: Uzbekistan Publ., 2015. - 160 p.
3. Samarsky A. A. Introduction into the Theory of Differential Schemes. - Moscow: Nauka, 1971. - 532 p.
4. Samarsky A. A., Fryazinov I. V. On Differential Methods of Approximation of the Problems of Mathematical Physics//Journal. Success in Mathematics Science. - Moscow: Nauka, 1978. - Volume 31, Issue 6(192). - P. 167-197.
Kambarova Nigora, Tashkent State agrarian University, assistant, the faculty of agroengineering, Uzbekistan E-mail: komil_uzmei@mail.ru
Determine the resource elements that affect confidence level of two lined cotton harvesting machines "Case-2022"
Abstract: In the article the results of the research work are brought about determine the resource elements that affect confidence level of two lined cotton harvesting machines "Case-2022" in Uzbekistan.
Keywords: cotton collecting machine, resource elements, spindle, extractor drum, humidifying unit, a ball lifter, air system,
spindle drum.
In the desire to determine the resource elements (item, node) that affect confidence indicator line two cotton collecting "Case-2022" machine's testing results were sorted. The testing was done between 1996-2000 by the Certification and testing center of the Agriculture technologies and technics of the Republic of Uzbekistan [1; 2].
It is seen that by the data, below are the conclusions which were made according to results (table-1) of the experiments (1996, 1999, 2000) of two and four lined HSM "Case-2022" that were taken at the "Testing and certification center of irrigation technologies and technics of Uzbekistan".
The main part of the total 299 breakings happened with the spindle (66.2 %), the extractor drum (17.4 %) and the humidifying unit. Share of the prop shaft, jack pneumatics and spindle
drum is 3.25 %. And the share of problems in the system, receiving chamber of the machine, basket and wheels are 0.33-0.66 %. Malfunctions in the spindle: Conical gear rod was broken to 27 mm. in length (in 166 cases), teeth of conical gear which turns the rod (in 13 cases) and the cartridge which is stem of the rod was mutilated (in 19 cases).
All 52 malfunctions in the extractor drum are involved with corrosion of the trapezoid teeth of the extractor disks.
Plastic support of a humidifier pad was broken 22 times. This figure belongs to all breakings that happened in the humidifier unit.
Unhealthy spindles will be changed only to new ones, because their design is not meant to be repaired, its basement conic gear and the surface cogs are part of the same body and they are made in a very complex way.
Table 1. - The number and percentage of problems in the components that have arisen during the experiment of two and four lined horizontal spindle machines «CASE-2022»
№ Component parts 1996 year 1999 year 2000 year Sum
1 Spindle 80 47 71 198 66.20 %
2 Extractor drum 7 0 45 52 17.40 %
3 Humidifying unit 20 0 2 22 7.30 %
4 Cardan shaft of cotton collecting machine 0 1 9 3.25 %
5 A ball Lifter 3 0 2 5 1.60 %
6 Air system 3 0 2 5 1.6 %
7 Spindle drum 0 3 0 3 0.66 %
8 Hydraulics 2 0 0 2 0.33 %
9 Cable unit of a device 1 0 0 1 0.33 %
10 Basket 1 0 0 1 0.33 %
11 Wheel 0 1 0 1 0.33 %
12 Sum 125 51 123 299 100 %
It is very difficult job to change pump spindle with the new one; in order to change one spindle it must be removed from the spindle cassette (rotor) drum, washed, unhealthy spindle will be removed, and replaced with a new one and the cassette is will be installed back to its place.
If the extractor drum's teeth are mutilated at all, they will be changed to only new ones, because the disk and lower trapezium
teeth are made of a rubber material. In order to change the unhealthy disc, the extractor drum must be removed from the frame unit, disks are separated from the shaft, instead of unhealthy disc will be set new ones and the drum will be set back into its place.
Machine operator or for replacement of one spindle, extractor drum with mutilated teeth and for a broken plastic support of the humidifier pad spends an average of20, 62 and 11 minutes respectively.
A conic spindle and an extractor disk are source components of the cotton collecting machine. Increasing their reparability can be considered as one of serious, scientific technological problems.
The conical spindle and disk extractor are one of the main structural parts of the harvesting machine. Enhancement their reparability can be considered as an actual problem.
Three year results of examinations of "Case-2022" HSM which were done at the "Testing and certification center of irrigation technologies and technics of Uzbekistan" showed that mostly problems are related to conic spindle cane and trapezoid teeth of the extractor drum disks. With regard to these, 66.2 % and 17.4 % of common problems are related to above mentioned breakings.
Extractors and spindles are not repairable. Because the bevel gear which is base of the spindle shaft and the lower teeth and both rods are one solid metal; the extractor disk and trapezium teeth are made of the same elastic metal and modeled in alloy style.
That is why unhealthy spindle and extractor disk require to be changed to new ones. Such a negative situation on the one hand is the reason for increasing costs during preparation and use of machines in the cotton picking season, and it is the cause of increasing price of cotton picking in one hectare of field or to collect one ton of cotton on the other.
Despite of this, until now not any scientific and technological researches have been done in Uzbekistan regarding cone-shaped spindle and development of repairable extractor disks.
The main purpose of the current research material is to reach a technical improvement through increasing of reparability of HSM spindles and extractors. In order to achieve the target below mentioned scientific technological issues should be solved:
- To select a geometric shape of repairable disk-shaped extractor cogs;
- To find an experimental and a theoretical fundamental principles of technological width between a surface of the cone-shaped
Climate change and its impacts on Amudarya river runoff
spindle and cogs as well as to find constructive principles of the disk-shaped cogs;
- To study the level of energy potential of an extraction process of cotton from horizontal cone-shaped spindle through the trapezoid cogs of the disk;
- To find constructive principles of experimental disk extractor and spindle cogs;
- To arrange test works in the fields and at special labs.
Conclusions
1. During three years (in 1996s, 1999s, 2000s) of examinations (examinations took place at the "Testing and certification center of irrigation technologies and technics of Uzbekistan ") of the two and four lined "Case-2022" HSM the main malfunctions happened with the spindle (66.2 %) and with humidifier unit (7.3 %).
2. Malfunctions in the spindle: the rod with cone-shaped teeth was broken to 27 mm in length (in 166 cases).
3. All 52 malfunctions in the extractor drum are involved with corrosion of the trapezoid teeth of the extractor disks.
4. Unhealthy spindles and extractor disk units are only being replaced with the new ones, because their design is not meant to be repaired.
5. These are the reparability requirements set for HSMs that are standardized and defined according to their technical and exploitation features: providing a technical service, repairing, keeping and transportation and technical diagnosis of a machine.
6. There were groups and categories developed in regards with the data evaluation of reparability of the HSM. And elements (a spindle, an extractor drum, a humidifier unit, cardan-shaft of the mechanism and others) were determined that impact to reliability of the machine.
References:
1. Sablikov M. V. Cotton harvesters. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. - 152 p.
2. Protocol № 42-99 (542) for the testing of second-year-exploited Case - 2022 equipped with horizontal spindles. - 18 p.
Kurbanbaev Sagit Erejepovich, a leading Specialist at Karakalpakstan, Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems E-mail: kurbanbaev69@mail.ru
Climate change and its impacts on Amudarya river runoff
Abstract: This article analyzed the changes of River Amudarya during a long-year period, also had been collected and studied long-year database on air temperature changes over Uzbekistan. Based on the analyses have been given assessment on climate change impacts on the water runoff of the river Amudarya at present and in future.
Keywords: Amudarya river, climate, annual mean temperature, water resource, water-sheds.
Introduction. At present taken both globally or locally the annual mean temperature during the last 30-40 years keeps growing everywhere, which is already a recorded objective fact. According to the figures of researchers the level of the world sea waters during the last 100 years increased about 10-25 cm. and these changes took place due to air global temperature grow. It is known that because of human industrial activities at the last decades concentration of greenhouse gases grew in the atmosphere and it could be the main reason of temperature grow.
For all Central Asian Republics including also Uzbekistan which have enormous land farming recourses and agro-technical potentials the further climate aggravation (temperature changes, air pollution, precipitations, wind force and speed) could lead to equability destruction of interrelated system earth — water — climate.
Background materials. Our Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems during the last 30 years keeps a constant survey on air temperature changes, river runoff, water level, water supply and water use for agriculture needs. We collected a
