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Section 11. Biology
https://doi.org/10.29013/ESR-20-5.6-94-96
Mirkhamidova Panda, Professor, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Doctor of Biological Sciences E-mail: parida.mirxamidova @ mail.ru Babakhanova Dilnoza Bakhodirovna, senior lecturer, Tashkent State Pedagogical University
named after Nizami, E-mail: dilnoza.bobxonova@mail.ru Mukhamedov Gafurdzhan Israilovich, professor, Chirchik, Pedagogical Institute Tashkent region Doctor of chemical sciences, E-mail: rector@tvchdpi.uz Alimova Rano Abbasovna, associate professor, candidate of biological sciences, Tashkent State Agrarian University E-mail: alimovdt@gmail.com
DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES -FLAVONOIDS IN FRUIT TREES WITH HEALING PROPERTIES
Abstract. The article cites the results on the amount of flavonoid content in the birch trees. Flavo-noids are synthesized only in plants and have important biological significance in the human body. The results show that in spring the content of flavonoids in grape leaves was high and amounted to 4.721 ± 0.521 mg/g, in the summer they were 3.825 ± 0.255 mg/g, and in the fall, flavonoids decreased to 1.460 ± 0.2253 mg/g. In spring, flavonoids in the stems of grapes were 4.386 ± 0.046 mg/g, in cocoons 0.348 ± 0.023 mg/g.
Keywords: antioxidant, flavonoids, black here, peach, cherry, Greek nut, grape, extract.
In our department, with the aim of correcting human body [5]. The healing properties of some
rats poisoned by pesticides [1], we conducted re- plants depend on flavonoids, which in turn depend
search in search of drugs from cheap, convenient on the period of plant development [7]. With a lack
and local plants [2] with antioxidant properties of flavonoids in the body, a number of disorders
[3; 4; 5]. Flavonoids are synthesized only in plants occur. Most flavonoids improve the elasticity of the
and have important biological significance in the blood vessel wall and regulate their permeability.
DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES - FLAVONOIDS IN FRUIT TREES WITH HEALING PROPERTIES
Flavonoids of some plants also have choleretic and diuretic properties.
The main goal ofour work is to determine the content of flavonoids in the leaves of fruit trees. And for this, we determined the content of flavonoids in the leaves of the black mulberry, peach and walnut, which have medicinal properties, at different times of the year.
To determine the amount of flavonioids in plants, the spectrophotometric method is used [8].
To detect flavonoids by spectrometric method, we used flavonoids from biological material treated with 96% X-100 triton solution. The reaction is based on the formation of a color complex under the influence of a boric solution of citric acid on a flavonoid released from plant tissues [6].
The content of flavonoids formed at different times of the year in the leaves of fruiting plants with healing properties has been little studied. And so we studied flavonoids - biologically active substances contained in the leaves of plants with antioxidant properties.
Black mulberry (Morus nigra L) is sown in Central Asia, the Caucasus and other places. The cores of black tuta, wood and plaster contain tannin and dyes (morphine pigments). Leaves contain vitamin C. Fruits contain carbohydrates, vitamin C, sourdough, iron, glycosides, pectin and other substances.
Black mulberry leaves are used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, with sore throat, throat tumors, diabetes mellitus and skin diseases. A high content of flavonoids in the leaves of the Black Mulberry was found in the summer and amounted to 3.805±0.766 mg/g, in the spring 0.950±0.050 mg/g and in the autumn 2.875 ± 0.470 mg/g.
Our results show that the number of flavonoids in the composition of the leaves of fruit trees at different times of the year is different.
Walnut (Juglans Regia L) is grown in large quantities. The leaves and peel of walnuts and peanuts contain vitamins C, P, B1, carotene, essential oils. The pulp contains fats, carotene, vitamins C, E, P and group B, iron and cobalt salts.
The content of flavonoids formed at different times of the year in the leaves of fruiting plants with healing properties has been little studied. And so we studied the amount of flavonoids in the leaves of some fruiting plants at different times of the year. The greatest number of flavonoids in walnut leaves was 6.384 ± 0.857 mg/g in the spring, and in summer and autumn there was a decrease in its content, in the summer within 4.45 ± 0.446 mg/g, and in the fall 4.83 ± 0.060 mg/g. In the spring, it was found that the amount of flavonoids in the walnut fruit was 4.227 ± 0.908 mg/g, and in the stems it was 0.778 ± 1159 mg/g.
Peach (Persica vulgaris M) is widespread in China and the Central Asian republics. The seed contains oils, essential oils, amygamine glycosides, emulsion enzymes and other substances. The soft part of the fruit contains carotenoids, carbohydrates, vitamins C, B2, organic acids, essential oils, pectin, potassium and magnesium salts, as well as trace elements (3).
Peach leaf juice and decoction are used to treat rheumatism, headaches, and gastrointestinal upsets.
Our results show that the content of flavonoids in peach was higher in the summer and was 5.140 ± 0.566 mg/g. In spring, the amount of fla-
Table 1.- The number of flavonoids in the leaves of fruit trees (mg / g)
№ Name of plants Spring Summer autumn
1. Walnut 6.384 ± 0.857 4.45 ± 0.446 4.83 ± 0.060
2. Black mulberry 0.950 ± 0.050 3.805 ± 0.766 2.875 ± 0.470
3. Peach 2.946 ± 1.091 5.140 ± 0.566 4.120 ± 0.460
4. Grape 4.721 ± 0.521 3.825 ± 0.255 1.460 ± 0.253
5. Figs 3.415 ± 0.443 1.885 ± 0.033 3.990 ± 0.260
vonoids was 2.946 ± 1.091 mg/g, and in autumn, 4.120 ± 0.460 mg/g.
The grape family (Vitaceae) is a perennial plant. Grapes contain carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins C and B, flavonoids, dyes, tannin seeds, quer-cetin, inositol, choline, organic acids, carotene, vitamins C, B and K in the leaves.
Our results show that in spring the content of flavonoids in grape leaves was high and amounted to 4.721 ± 0.521 mg / g, in the summer theywere 3.825 ± ± 0.255 mg/g, and in the fall, flavonoids decreased to 1.460 ± 0.2253 mg/g. In spring, flavonoids in the stems of grapes were 4.386 ± 0.046 mg/g, in cocoons 0.348 ± 0.023 mg/g.
Figs (simple figs - Ficus Carical) - blooms in April-May, and its fruits ripen in June-August. It
grows in large quantities in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Krasnodar, the Caucasus and the Crimea. The fruit contains B, C vitamins, carotenoids, organic acids, mineral salts, proteins and carbohydrates. In scientific medicine, the pharmacokinetics of furocouma-rins has been developed.
The largest amount of flavavinoids in fig leaves was found in autumn, and the amount was 3.990 ± ±0.260mg/g, andinspring,figleaves contained 3.415 ± ± 0.443 mg/g, and in summer 1.885 ± 0.033 mg/g.
The results show that the amount of flavonoids in the leaves of fruiting plants with medicinal properties is different in different seasons and depends on the growing season, and its high concentration in spring was found in walnut leaves.
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