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European Journal of Arts 3 - 4 (2022)
- Section 3. Museology, preservation and restoration of historic and cultural
ISSN 2310-5666
Раздел 3. Музееведение, консервация и реставрация историко-культурных объектов
Section 3. Museology, preservation and restoration of historic and cultural
UDC:069.(l-37).5 DOI: 10.29013/EJA-22-3.4-32-35
G. R. ORIFJONOVA 1
1 National Institute of Arts and Design named after Kamoliddin Behzod Tashkent, Uzbekistan
DESCRIPTION OF NAVOI REGIONAL MUSEUMS
Abstract:
Objective: is the national (for example, Navoi regional museums) museums that preserve and exhibit the ethno-cultural heritage of Uzbekistan from the period of the XIX - early XX centurie.
Methods: comparison, generalization, systemic analysis, data grouping, theoretical cognition, the method of analogy and historical method.
Results: Museums of Navoi region are of great importance due to the fact that they regularly collect collections of material and cultural heritage.
Scientific novelty: This article analyzes the peculiarities of the museums of Navoi region. Practical significance: the presence of many prominent figures of the Islamic world, jurists, Sufi mausoleums and architectural complexes in Navoi region demonstrates historical and cultural riches to tourists visiting Uzbekistan as part of pilgrimage tourism.
Keywords: Museum, exposition, innovation, method, clothing, apparel, jewelry, fabric.
For citation: G. R. Orifjonova. Description of navoi regional museums // European Journal of Arts, 2022, № 3-4.- P. 32-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29013/EJA22-3.4-32-35
The State Museum of History and Culture of Navoi region is famous for its rich collections. The museum's exposition includes collections of ceramics, carvings, fabrics, embroidery, carpets and clothes covering the entire territory of Navoi region. Museums of Navoi region present their collections to the public on the basis of innovative solutions using thematic, complex, ensemble methods.
Museums of Navoi region are of great importance due to the fact that they regularly collect collections of
material and cultural heritage. In addition, the museums of the region pay great attention to performances and can be seen in the theatrical programs of the museum. Even the museums of the architectural complexes have created expositions with innovative solutions.
During the study, scientific research and foreign literature^, p. 171-172] of Uzbek scientists devoted to the ethnocultural heritage of Uzbekistan [2, p. 34], its preservation, research [3, p. 104], display, development of ethnographic museology was studied.
Section 3. Museology, preservation and restoration of historic and cultural - f^MIER
European Journal of Arts 3 - 4 (2022)
ISSN 2310-5666
The State Museum of History and Culture of Navoi region is one of the museums in the country, which uses museum performances in its activities and is distinguished by the richness of the museum's exposition. From the museum's exposition of copper items of the XIX century, which are considered to be household items: copper bowl, embossed teapot, candlestick, copper jug, obdasta, buckets, samovar, iron, cauldron, hanging pot, mevadon, bucket, dastshoy, bowl, barkash, bowl, dervish bowl, sieve, pumpkin, kadi, chakich, keli, different types of woven baskets, ceramic items: jugs, candles, various options of lanterns, sandals, which are considered home furniture, from national musical instruments: drums, dutars, tanburs, gijjaks, rubabs, various forms of suzans, hammers, sandons, carts, spinning wheels, rugs, combs and other tools used in carpet weaving. The most popular clothing collection in the Navoi region is the XX century. The costumes of Navoi region are very colorful [6, p.69].
The exhibition mainly features bridal dresses, unique embroidered dresses. Nurota, one of the largest centers of embroidery, is distinguished from other schools by the sharpness of the image of embroidery, the iridescent of floral patterns during the centuries. In Nurota embroidery, we can often see that the plant patterns are animated with the shape of birds. And sometimes we see the human and animal forms in some of the most invisible areas [8, p. 304].
When a girl is born in the family, embroidery samples are sewn as her dowry in good intention by her mother, grandmother until she grows up. Girls were taught to embroider from a small age. There are edifying events among the people about the fact that if a matchmaker comes to a girl, her embroidery will be shown. Embroidery sewn by a girl gave the opportunity to determine the girl, temper, and her character. The embroidery sample was of great importance in determining the taste of women in the family as a whole. Even for the rituals associated with death, women prepared an embroidery sample on their coffins. This is a tradition that exists even though it is still preserved at present, albeit less frequently. That is, an embroidery sample is closed on a women's coffin, in each family there is such an embroidery sample that passes from generation to generation. If it does not exist, older women have prepared such an embroidery sample [7, p. 241].
Each dress served to create a complete image using accessories. Mainly using velvet gold threads, embroidered bridal gowns formed the basis of the exhibition. In addition, the national costumes of the Kazakh nation are also
on display. National jewelry, types of skullcaps are selected and displayed in accordance with each dress. The museum has a large collection of suzans, which reflects the unique traditions of the Nurata and Navoi regions.
The museum of Kyzyltepa district of Navoi region also houses oil collections of ceramics, copper utensils, clothes and household items of the XIX-early XX centuries. Unlike other museums, these items are exhibited in collections. We do not find such an approach in any other museum. In the middle there is a collection of copper samovars, buckets, sunscreens and other carved oil items, and on both sides there is a collection of household ceramics. At the edge of the exhibition will be displayed a variety of household items such as wooden keli, thief. The museum has a collection of tools used in the field, wooden kitchen utensils. The clothing collection mainly reflected the everyday wear of women and men in the area. The ensemble-type exposition in the museum reflects the traditional way of life of the population living in the Kyzyltepa area. In the background of the interior is a study of Nurota. It is surrounded by a thematic exhibition dedicated to doppies, which are widespread in the Navoi region. Navoi skullcaps are very diverse. It can be seen that the skullcaps are found in almost all regions of Uzbekistan. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the ethnic composition of the population of this region consists of different nationalities and ethnic groups. Next to the Doppi exhibition, traditional clothing for men and women was on display. Next to it, a cradle made of satin is presented to the audience. In the sandals of the house, the characters of young men and women are represented by models. The floor is covered with felt palos. Various household and kitchen utensils can be seen in the bar on the sandals. Above the sandals, on top of the box, you can see the blankets gathered and made of drywall. Dry art is very developed in Navoi region. In addition, the exhibition includes a handwriting machine and a tailor's box. All women in Navoi are well versed in sewing. In the past, all the women who lived here knew how to sew suzana, kurak, doppi, and this was their daily occupation. Even today, this tradition continues.
There is a museum in the Qasim Sheikh complex of the XVI-XX centuries in Navoi, where along with arche-ological finds, ethnographic objects are also exhibited.
In the XVI century, the life and work of Qasim Sheikh Aziz, who left an indelible mark on the spiritual life of the Karmana principality, were focused on good and noble deeds. In 1558, the ruler of Bukhara, Abdullah II, in
G. R. ORIFJONOVA DESCRIPTION OF NAVOI REGIONAL MUSEUMS
European Journal of Arts 3 - 4 (2022)
PREMIER Section 3. Museoloqy, preservation and restoration of historic and cultural
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ISSN 2310-5666
honor of Hazrat Qasim Sheikh, established a khanaqah in Karmana. Qasim Sheikh himself participated in and sponsored this creative work.
The inn was built over a period of about ten years. Its three sides (north, south, and west) are built and decorated in a conical manner.
The khanaqah is 25 meters wide and tall, with a total of 6 rooms inside, a large central room in the middle, and an altar on the qibla side. There are rooms measuring about 6x6 meters in the 4 corners of the room, and a chillakhona measuring 6x4 meters on the east side. The upper part of each room is in the shape of a dome, the interior of the building is decorated with a pattern on the basis of plaster, in the middle there is a large dome 12 meters high from the ground and on all four sides there are domes 8 meters high. The thickness of the room wall is 80 centimeters. The exterior of the building is distinguished by a dome built on a high tower. The tower rises about 9 meters from the roof of the building, leaving a gap between the inner and outer domes. These are the airways that make it possible to maintain the same moderate temperature in hot and cold times. The top of the outer side of the dome is covered with blue tiles. Below it are examples of verses from the Qur'an in the Kufic style in nil. To the east of the khanaqah is the sagan of Qasim Sheikh. Sagana was rebuilt with marble and Abdullah brick, and in some places the verses of the Qur'an were written. In 1910-1911, after the death of the Emir of Bukhara Amir Abdullah Khan, he built the tomb of his son Sayyid Alimkhan near the tomb of Qasim Sheikh. Although the second khanaqah was built 300 years after Qasim Sheikh khanaqah, a huge monumental complex was built.
In the museum of the Qasim Sheikh complex you can see copper items used in the household of the XIX century. Copper ware is close to Khiva, Karakalpak copper vessels in its shape and decoration. The patterns of Khiva copper vessels differ from those of Khiva masters in that they are not as elegant and delicate in form. Among them are copper utensils such as copper jugs, sulopcha, obdasta, thief, iron, pot. Ceramic jugs and jugs date back to the XVII-XX centuries. Among the household items you can find wooden spoons, spoons, trays, keels. In the exhibition dedicated to the types ofboilers, you can meet non-traditional types of boilers, such as leather boilers, hanging boilers. Horseback riding and horse equipment are on display at the exhibition, which shows the importance of horseback riding in the region. Agriculture was
also a developed profession. The museum has an exhibition dedicated to the agricultural profession and the tools used in it, as well as plowing equipment and plows. The most common musical instruments in the region were the dutar and the kobiz. One of the unique exhibits in the museum is stone tea, a pressed blue tea that has a look reminiscent of a large board. The Qasim Sheikh Complex Museum has a large collection ofbracelets that are considered women's j ewelry. You can see how colorful the bracelets ofwomen of Navoi region are through this collection. The next exhibition at the museum will be dedicated to the art of carpet weaving. Carpet weaving equipment, combs, cobwebs, rugs are on display [7, p. 71].
The Arif Dehgarani monument is one of the oldest monuments in Movarounnahr, in the village of Hazara, 30 km west of Karmana. According to sources, its construction period dates back to the beginning of the XI century. In ancient times, the inhabitants of this village were masters of making fire-resistant boilers. Also, the name of this place, located near the Rabati Malik caravanserai, is called Khazara (a crossroads of a thousand roads), indicating that in the past it was one of the largest settlements in Central Asia, visited by trade caravans from many countries along the Great Silk Road. The domes of the building are built on 4 solid brick columns on the basis of very careful and precise calculations, and according to the unique design, it is the only unique architectural monument in the country. The monument is now used as a mosque. The history of the building is square in size 17 x 17 meters, it is built of baked brick and straw. From the bottom to the top, 15 pieces of 1-me-ter-thick cotton were beaten, and a row of baked bricks was piled between each piece. Inside the building there is a cubic room, in the middle there are 4 baked bricks with a diameter of 1.28 meters, between them there are large arches, on top of which there are two small arches. The central dome is raised above these pillars and rises above the arches that form 12-cornered ornaments. On the north, south, and west sides of the inn, there are elegant brick alleys. The three-door entrance on the east side of the mosque, which is 3.14 meters wide and 17 meters long, was later built of baked brick. The two honors on this side are raised above the wall, unlike the 6 hanging honors on the other sides. The fact that the 6 honors on the 3rd side hang without touching anything is like a miracle. The architecture of the entrance part dates back to the XIV century, as the bricks here are the same as the bricks used when Raboti Malik and Sardoba
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were restored in the XIV century. The monument, the only one of its kind in Movarounnahr, was renovated in 2006 and is now a popular shrine to the entire Muslim world. It is noteworthy that Sheikh Mawlana Arif Degga-rani (1313-1376), one of the famous Sufis of Khojagon Suluki, was born and buried in this village.
The complex preserves a dahma reminiscent of his memory and an ancient healing water well and a chill-akhona.
It is well known from historical sources that he was a great representative of the Khojagon Suluki of the Naqsh-bandi sect. In 2006-2007, large-scale repair, beautifica-tion and creative work was carried out in the region, and by the decision of the Navoi regional administration, the
historical museum of Mavlono Arif Deggaroni was established. The museum's exposition includes many ethnographic objects. These include suzans, bricks, prayer rugs, XIX century women's and men's clothes, handkerchiefs, pieces of cloth, ceramics, household items such as keli, ceramic plates and wooden spoons, wooden spoons, woven spoons, copper jugs, samovars, chairs, plates decorated with the help of carvings, paintings, sunscreens, baskets, containers for water storage.
In conclusion, the presence of many prominent figures of the Islamic world, jurists, Sufi mausoleums and architectural complexes in Navoi region demonstrates our historical and cultural riches to tourists visiting Uzbekistan as part of pilgrimage tourism.
References
1. Abroskina Ye. B. Ekspozitsiya etnograficheskogo muzeya: ot Kr'janovskogo do Bejkovicha (Exposition of the ethnographic museum: from Kryzhanovsky to Bezhkovich), Muzey - pamyatnik - naslediye, - No. 1. 2017. -P. 171-172. (in Russ.).
2. Suxareva O. A. Istoriya sredneaziatskogo kostyuma: - Samarkand (History of the Central Asian costume: Samarkand), - Maskva: Nauka, 1982. - 34 p. (in Russ.).
3. Underova L. V. Uzbekskaya narodnaya odejda kontsa XIX - XX vv. (Uzbek folk clothes of the late XIX - XX centuries), - Tashkent, Fan, 1994. - 104 p. (in Russ.).
4. Orifjonova G. O'zbekiston etnomadaniy merosini saqlash, tadqiq etish va namoyish etishning tarixiy-madaniy jihatlari (O'zbekiston muzeylari kollektsiyalari misolida) (Historical and cultural aspects ofpreservation, research and display of ethnocultural heritage of Uzbekistan (on the example of collections of museums of Uzbekistan), - Tashkent, Lesson-press publishing house, 2021. - 216 p. (in Uzb.).
5. Orifjonova G. Ethnographic collections of museums of Uzbekistan: examples of embroidery art, EP^A International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), 2021. - No. 9. - P. 236-241.
6. Orifjonova G. Embroidery art of Uzbekistan, EP^. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 2021. - No. 9. - P. 302-307.
Information about the author
Gulra'no R. Orifjonova, Doctor of Philosophy in History (PhD), DSc Student National Institute ofArts and Design
named after Kamoliddin Behzod, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Address: 3-42, 2/1Kara-kamish, Olmazor district 100098, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected]; tel.: +998 (90) 905-77-33
ORCID:0000-0002-5790-716x
G. R. ORIFJONOVA DESCRIPTION OF NAVOI REGIONAL MUSEUMS
