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Karamatdinova G.
student
Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies of Karakalpakstan Scientific director: Yeshchanova S., PhD in biological sciences Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies of Karakalpakstan, senior
associate professor of silk industry
DESCRIPTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF
KARAKALPAKSTAN
Abstract. The article provides a brief description of medicinal plants common in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Medicinal plants in Karakalpakstan are diverse, today more than 444 medicinal plants are common. We observe that most medicinal plants are diverse on the Ustyurt plateau, in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and on the Red River.
Keywords: resource, biota, medicine, community, biocenosis, biological diversity, forecast, factor
Currently, the conservation of biological diversity is one of the significant tasks in the conservation of the natural environment, which is given much attention in the entire world community. This is due to the limitation of biological resources necessary for human existence and the threat of their extinction [2].
Priority objects of conservation of the biodiversity of the floristic complex are rare and endangered endemic species, for the justification of measures for the protection of which it is necessary to expand research on plant ecology. Particular attention in the existing program documents is paid to the assessment of the state of biodiversity of the plant world at the population level and the scientific justification of its forecasts [3].
In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, medicinal plants have been well studied, but in recent years, interest in medicinal plants has greatly increased due to the emergence of innovative methods that can be used to prevent and treat various diseases among the population [109, pp. 5-66].
Currently, the dynamics of the areas of medicinal plant growth in landscapes in the modern ecological conditions of the Aral Sea region is also of great interest.
In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the main share of irrigated lands are saline soils, including: slightly saline - 26.2%, moderately saline - 37.4%, highly saline - 35.2%, very highly saline - 1.2%, as indicated by data from the Committee on Ecology and Environmental Protection. The soil cover in Karakalpakstan has different origins. A unique characteristic of the soils of Karakalpakstan is the study of a thin layer of fertile surface (0.15-0.35 m) and a large number of water-soluble salts [6,7]. Due to the extreme environmental conditions in the Aral Sea region, including Karakalpakstan, there is an urgent need to study and inventory the current
state of medicinal plant resources, solve the problems of preserving biodiversity and their rational use [8].
The issues of preserving the biodiversity of medicinal plants are currently in great demand and are relevant in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, since their sustainable use in the practice of the pharmacological industry, as well as the procurement of plant raw materials. It should be noted that the resource biopotential of some valuable plant species is practically limited. In this regard, at present, the identification of raw material resources, the reproduction of their natural resource potential and the development of a scientifically based approach to their rational use are becoming especially relevant.
According to experts, the floristic composition in the republic is represented by various ecological life forms: trees, shrubs and dwarf shrubs, subshrubs and subshrubs, perennial and annual herbs, prickly shrubs, plants with succulent stems and leaves, stemless, leafless plants [2]. When studying the ecological characteristics of medicinal plants, it is necessary to pay attention to the state of the environment of their habitat, where information about the state of the soil cover is an important factor [3,4].
The purpose of this work is to increase the productivity of the Republic's medicinal plants. The amount of medicinal plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan is 63, the amount of oil per hectare is 240, the amount of turkmenistan is 444, and the amount of soil cover is 12.5%. The current structure of the landscapes of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya delta was formed under the influence of various factors, the most important of which include geological character, hydrological regime, climatic conditions and anthropogenic factors [4].
The drying up of the Amu Darya delta due to the drying up of the Aral Sea, the reduction of the area of tugai and reed thickets led to the formation of deflation processes. Eolian processes are the main relief-forming process in the Aral Sea region [1].
The studies conducted by the authors allowed us to determine that about 160 species of medicinal plants grow in the humidified area, and about 85 species of medicinal plants grow in the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau [5]. Many medicinal plants are very few in number, but form wide arrays, and some are widespread, but their resources are very limited [6].
Thus, the protection and rational use of plant resources in almost all countries of the world is a critical task. This fully applies to wild medicinal plants, the natural communities of which, on the one hand, bear a significant load due to the ever-increasing procurement of raw materials, on the other hand, there is a constant tendency to reduce the natural areas of distribution of these plants due to human economic activity.
The general deterioration of the environment has a negative impact on wild medicinal plants, since; most of the exploited thickets are located in the zone of active human economic activity. It follows from this that wild medicinal plants are
subject to contamination by various harmful compounds (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, nitrates, radionuclides, etc.).
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6.Тлеумуратова Б.С., Мамбетуллаева С.М. Форсинг растительного слоя на эколого-метеорологические процессы в Южном Приаралье// Журнал «Экологический Вестник», 2016.- № 2.- С. 9-10.
7.ТлеумуратоваБ.С., Мамбетуллаева С.М. Forsings of ecosystems transformations in Priaralie //European science review, 2016.- №11-12.- p. 21-24.
8. Нурабуллаева, Г. К., Ешчанова, С. Ш., & Даулетмуратова, Б. К. (2024). ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ВОДНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМ И КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ ИХ СОСТОЯНИЯ. In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE (Vol. 2, No. 20, pp. 6-9).
"Экономика и социум" №8(123) 2024
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