CC BY
28
Section 2. Logistics
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/EJEMS-17-2-10-13
Sokira Tatyana Sergeevna, Ph. D. in Economics, Kazakh national university after al-Farabi (Kazakhstan)
E-mail: [email protected] Akhmetkaliyeva Sandygul Kusmanovna, Ph. D. in Technics,
Kazakh national university after al-Farabi (Kazakhstan)
E-mail: [email protected]
Description of control mechanisms for business games in logistics
Abstract: This article discusses the methodology for designing business games. An analogy between the theory of games and the theory of organizational management is made. The classification of control mechanisms of the theory of organizational management for application to logistical systems is described.
Keywords: theory of games, business games, theory of organizational management, management mechanisms, logistics system.
Business game - business game (also called business simulation game) refers to simulation games that are used at an educational tool for teaching business. Business games may be carried out for various business. At the heart of any business of the game is that the conflict divergent interests and goals leading to a clash of opinions and sometimes forces.
Existing approaches to the study of conflict situations:
1) Business game shows the performance of an existing prototype system.
Psychological
Approaches Mathematical methods
Normative
The gaming simulation
Figure 1. Existing approaches to the study of conflict situations
For the design of business games, our science school research training. In general, we consider the following uses a normative approach in the study of the following types of games, in particular, training and research. They types of games in administrative, industrial, economic, are based on the existing concepts of development of busi-
2) The method of imitation of the joint activity of people employed in education, decision-making, planning, research.
Conflicts studied by various scientific disciplines such as psychology, sociology, biology, mathematics, etc. Each considers the conflict from their positions and applies his research methods, respectively. There are two approaches to the study conflicts: normative and psychological as shown in Fig 1.
ness game, the methodology for the construction of business game and their implementation on the computer.
We used the following concepts:
1) Efimov V. M., Komarov V. F. and Rybalsky V. I. where simulation games are considered as organizational and technical system [3; 5; 8];
2) Burkov V. N. and Shchepkin A. V., where simulation games are considered from the perspective of the theory of organizational control [1];
3) Gidrovich S. R., Syroezhin I. M. Zhukov R. F. Lif-shitz A. A. [2; 4; 7; 9], where simulation games are considered as components of the active learning method.
They are mainly works by Efimov V. M. etc, where simulation games are considered as organizational and technical system, in particular, and the automated control system.
Works by Burkova V. N. and A. V. Schepkin, where Gidrovich S. R. considers simulation games from the perspective of the theory of organizational control, as well as works. etc.
Having examined the existing concept in 1979, today professor Kulzhabay N. M. [6] proposed methodology of construction of business games, where simulation games are considered as components of the active learning method. He proposes to consider a set of training topics for the study of which it is advisable to use simulation games.
Create a basic business game, which cover several training topics. Then, create a game complex that covers basic simulation games. Basic business simulation game will be called a game, having a minimum set of simple blocks components of the game, allowing achieving the goal of the game. By complicating and connecting, the available additional blocks it is possible to complicate the game.
Thus, the development of the basic simulation games for teaching, research or administrative purposes is based on the construction of these components and provides part of the game, which consist of different blocks that meet the requirements stated goal of the game. We draw up an algorithm and software for games.
The algorithm of the game on a computer - implementation (provides part):
1. Entry in the computer data source.
2. Selection game options: "Automatic", "Man-Machine".
3."The players - people": selecting the "machine" of his computer strategy for the next period of the game; posted players their assessments for the next period of the game; solution of the game and display.
4. Results for the current game period. Two conditional block (check): stopping and games; the end of the game period.
5. Solution of the problem leading to real data.
6. Conclusion results.
The main task of game theory is to describe the interaction of several agents whose interests do not coincide, and the results of activities (winnings, utility, etc.) of each depends, in general, on the action of all. The result of such a description is the forecast of a reasonable outcome of the game-the so-called decision of the game (equilibrium).
The description of the game consists in setting the following parameters:
- set of agents;
- Preferences of agents (dependencies of winnings from actions): it is assumed (and this reflects the pur-posefulness of the behavior) that each agent is interested in maximizing his winnings;
- Sets of permissible actions of agents;
- Information of agents (the information they possess at the time of making decisions about the selected actions);
- Order of functioning (order of moves-sequence of choice of actions).
Relatively speaking, many agents determine who participates in the game. Preferences reflect what agents want, sets ofpermissible actions — what they can, aware-ness-what they know, and the order of functioning-when they choose actions.
The analogy between the description of the game and organizational control theory has the following form (table 1).
Thus as shown in table 1, the composition, structure, objective functions, admissible sets, the number of periods of operation, the order of functioning and the awareness of participants determine the mechanism of functioning of the organizational system in a broad sense - a set of laws, rules and procedures for interaction of participants in the system. In a narrow sense, the management mechanism is a set of rules for decision-making by participants in the organizational system, given its composition, structure, order of functioning, hypotheses about behavior, etc. [10].
Considering the logistics system from the perspective of organizational control theory and applying the methodology described above, we have a complex of organizational mechanisms for the design of business games in logistics as shown in Fig 2 [10].
Table 1 - The analogy between the description of the game and organizational control
Game Description Description of organizational control theory
1. The "who" is included in the system
a lot of players Human Resources (participants) of organizational system
2. "Who is interested in what"
Preferences agents (players) objective functions of HR that reflect their preferences and interests
3. "Who is allowed"
the set of feasible strategies of players the set of admissible strategies HR, reflecting the institutional, technological and other restrictions on their joint activities
4. "Who knows what"
awareness of the players awareness - the information that HR have at the time of the selected decision-making
5. "Who communicates with whom"
the order of the functioning structure of organizational system
Figure 2. Control types of Logistic system
A suitable tool for modeling the organizational ccontrol processes are games features game-theoretic approach to the analysis of socio-economic phenomena, takes its rightful place_in the arsenal of research. In turn, the construction of the game theoretic model is the actual description of the organizational system in formal terms. It is desirable to have a method of experimental study of organizational systems - the method of simulated business games. Thus after the establishment of the components of the game such as organizational structures and the model of the game and the rules of the game are starting to create providing part of the game.
Considering the logistics system from the perspective of organizational control theory and applying the methodology described above, we have a ccomplex of organisational mechanismus for the design of business games in logistics as shown in table 2. There are exist the mainly functions of control such as Planning, Organization, Incentive, Control.
For each function of control is offered the complex mechanisms that define the rules of the game for business process logistics. In fact, the description of any simulation games can be regarded as a description of the organizational system.
Table 2. - The complex organizational mechanisms to control the logistic system
Сontrol functions Complex control mechanisms
1 2
Planning The mechanism consistent allocation of resources. The mechanism of active expertise. The mechanism of internal prices. Competitive mechanism.
1 2
Organization Mechanisms mixed financing. Mechanism for cost-conscious. The mechanism of "Cost-effect". The mechanism of the supply chain optimization. Range selection mechanism.
Incentive The mechanism incentive for individual results. The mechanism of stimulating counter plans. Incentive mechanism for collective results. Unified mechanism to stimulate.
Control Integrated Control Mechanisms. Assessment and Control Mechanisms. Dual mechanism.
On the other hand, the description of any organization can be represented as a description of the simulation game.
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