Derby winners among purebred Arabian horses Текст научной статьи по специальности «Сельское хозяйство, лесное хозяйство, рыбное хозяйство»

Maria Kulisa, Katarzyna Makiela, Boguslawa DIugosz, Mariusz Capiga ©

Departament of Horses Breeding, Agricultural University 30-059 Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Poland, e-mail: k.makiela@gmail.com

DERBY WINNERS AMONG PUREBRED ARABIAN HORSES

Abstract. The study has been aimed at recording purebred Arabian horses that won Polish Derby races over the period from 1927 to 2006. Sex, colour, origin, inbreeding coefficient and breeder have all been taken into account. The study quotes the numbers of horses incorporated and not incorporated into Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding. The data concerned come from: official racing news, from horse-breeding documentation, the Polish Arabian stud book, the Register of stallions used in Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding, and from the Register of use value of Polish purebred Arabian horses. It has been found that stallions won Derby more often than mares, 75% and 25%, respectively, and that colour does not affect achievement. The horses concerned came from 15 dam lines and 15 sire lines. Most Derby winners came from the dam lines of Gazella d.b. (19%), and Mlecha d.b. (17%). 22% winners came from the Kuhailan Haifi d.b. sire line, and from the Kuhailan Afas d.b. sire line (16%). Vast majority of the winners was bred in national studs (80%), and most of then came from the Janow Podlaski Stud (37%) and Michalow Stud (12%). No inbreeding has been found in the pedigree of 43% horses. 62% of Derby winners have been incorporated in the Polish horse breeding.

Key words: purebred Arabian horses, Derby, horse racing

Introduction. The decision to start purebred Arabian horses' races was taken at the meeting of the Purebred Arabian Horse Breeders Association in Poland held on 10.12.1926. The first derby race had place on 17.05.1927 in Lwow. Since then it has been held regularly except for the war period, when the races were suspended (19401946). The Arabian Derby covers a distance of 3000 m and is open for four-year olds, with the only exception of 1927, when derby was held for three-year old horses. Derby, being the most important race in a year, is a symbol of the breeders' prestige. It gathers the best horses from the best racing groups. The winners of the said race form a selected breeding material which should contribute to the purebred Arabian horse breeding progress [3, 4, 5, 6, 7].

Task, the aim of the article. The study has been aimed at recording purebred Arabian horses that won Polish Derby race over the period from 1927 to 2006. Sex, colour, origin, inbreeding coefficient and breeder have all been taken into account. The study quotes the numbers of horses incorporated and not incorporated into Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding.

Material and methods. The data concerned come from: official racing news, from horse-breeding documentation, the Polish Arabian stud book, the Register of

© Maria Kulisa, Katarzyna Makiela, Boguslawa Dlugosz, Mariusz Capiga, 2009 260

stallions used in Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding, and from the Register of use value of Polish purebred Arabian horses.

The data collected concerned Arabian's that won Polish Derby over the period from 1927 to 2006, except for the war period from 1940 to 1946, when races were not held. 75 horses were subject to analysis. Sex, colour, dam line, sire line and breeder have all been taken into account. In addition the inbreeding coefficient has been calculated for all the Derby winners. The horses have been divided into two groups: horses incorporated and not incorporated into purebred Arabian horse breeding. The inbreeding coefficient has been calculated based on the pedigrees using the following formula [2]:

I= [(1/2) nM+ nO +1]x 100 [%]

where:

I - inbreeding coefficient of the horse in question nM - number of generations from the dam to the common ancestor nO - number of generations from the sire to the common ancestor /, 1 - coefficients

Because no detailed information was available the study does not take into consideration the winner of the 1934 Derby, stallion called Labirynt.

Results of researches. Most of the Derby winners in Poland were stallions (75%, i.e. 56 horses) and 25% were mares (19 horses) (Table 1). Similar regularity was observed the analyses of Thoroughbred horses. Gac [1] states that 77% of the Derby winners (44 horses) were stallions and 23 % (13 horses) were mares (Table 1).

In terms of the Derby winners' colour since 1927, most stallions have been grey (45%, 25 horses) and bay (45%, 25 horses). Chestnut stallions accounted for only 10 % of the champions (5 horses). Similar results have been found for mares (7 grey ones, 6 bay ones and 6 chestnut ones) (Table 1). Therefore it can be said that colour has not affected racing results.

Table 1. Arabian Derby winners in terms of sex and colour.

COLOUR/ SEX

MARES

STALLIONS

GREY

n

25

%

36

45

BAY

n

25

No data concerning the colour of the

%

32

45

CHESNUT

n

5

%

32

10

IN GENERAL

n

19

56*

%

23

77

934 Derby winner, stallion called

abirynt.

7

6

6

Table 2 shows the proportion of Derby winners from the various dam lines. The horses concerned came from 15 dam lines. 19% of the Derby winners (14 horses) came from the Gazella d.b. line. The second dam line in terms of the numbers of winners was Mlecha d.b. (17%, 13 horses). 8% of horses that triumphed at Derby (6 horses) came from the dam lines of Sahara d.b., Milordka and Szweykowska. The fewest winners came from the dam lines of Tiffled.b., Cherifa d.b., and Warda d.b. (1% from each line).

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Науковий вгсник ЛНУВМБТ шен1 С.З. Гжицького Том 11 № 2(41) Частина 3, 2009

Table 2. Arabian Der )y winners in terms of family.

DAM LINE NUMBER OF WINNERS % IN GENERAL

GAZELLA D.B. 14 19

MLECHA D.B. 13 17

SAHARA D.B. 6 8

MILORDKA 6 8

SZWEYKOWSKA 6 8

SEMRIE D.B. 5 7

UKRAINKA 5 7

ASFOURA D.B. 4 6

WOLOSZKA 4 6

ILINIECKA 3 4

SZAMRAJOWKA 3 4

NEDJEMNE D.B. 2 3

TIFFLE D.B. 1 1

CHERIFA D.B. 1 1

WARDA D.B. 1 1

Derby winners represented 15 sire lines. The most numerous group came from the Kuhailan Haifi d.b. sire line (22%, 16 horses), and the second most numerous came from the Kuhailan Afas d.b. sire line (16%, 12 horses). 12% (9 horses) of winners have come from the siere line of Ilderim d.b.. Only one winner came from each of the following sire lines: Wernet d.b., Kuhailan Kruszan d.b., Abu Urgub II d.b. and Latif d.b. (Table 3).

Table 3. Arabian Derby winners in terms of sire line.

SIRE LINE NUMBER OF % IN

WINNERS GENERAL

KUHAILAN HAIFI D.B. 16 22

KUHAILAN AFAS D.B. 12 16

ILDERIM D.B. 9 12

KOCHEILAN ADJUZE D.B. 6 8

IBRAHIM D.B. 6 8

BAIRACTAR D.B. 5 7

KRZYZYK D.B. 4 6

KUHAILAN ZAID D.B. 4 6

NIBEH D.B. 3 4

SAKLAWI I D.B 3 4

GESSUR D.B 2 3

WERNET D.B. 1 1

KUHAILAN KRUSZAN D.B 1 1

ABU URGUB II D.B. 1 1

LATIF D.B. 1 1

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Purebred Arabian horse Derby winners came from 21 studs (Table 4). Most horses that triumphed in said race came from Polish studs, both national and private (9 national studs and 9 private ones). Foreign breeders have been few (3 studs). 80% Derby winners (59 horses) came from national studs. Most winners came from the Janow Podlaski Stud - 27 horses, which is 37% of all champions. Next come the studs: Michalow (9 horses, 12%), Nowy Dwor (7 derby winners, 10%) and Albigowa (7 derby winners, 10%). Few derby winners came from other studs. R. Sanguszko and T. Raciborska are notable private horse-breeders, owners of 3 and 2 winners, respectively. Gac [1] compares the numbers of Thoroughbred Derby winners from 1945 to 2001 in terms of breeder. Out of 57 winners over 82% (47 horses) came form 10 national studs. It has been found that national studs for both breeds produced similar numbers of champions. Thoroughbred horses from private studs (5 owners) triumphed in Derby five times and horses from foreign studs won said race five times (4 owners), while 12 purebred Arabian horses came from 9 private owned studs (Table 4).

Table 4. Arabian ^ Derby winners in terms of breeder types.

BREEDER/ STUD BREEDER TYPES NUMBER OF WINNERS % IN GENERAL

JANOW PODLASKI NATIONAL 27 37

MICHALOW 9 12

NOWY DWOR 7 10

ALBIGOWA 7 10

KUROZWÇKI 4

BIALKA 2

GUMNISKA 1 1

KLEMENSOW 1 1

PELKINIE 1 1

R. SANGUSZKO PRIVATE

T. RACIBOSKA

J. GLOWACKI 1 1

A. NIEORA-TCHKUASELI 1 1

G. OSUCHOWSKI 1 1

R. I J. POTOCCY 1 1

R. POTOCKI 1 1

TARUS ARABIANS KLIMCZAK 1 1

A. WOJTOWICZ 1 1

BARBARA BURGGRAF DE FOREIGN 1 1

S.H. KARLSSON SE 1 1

BLOMMEROD ARABSTUTERI SE 1 1

Table 5 shows the inbreeding coefficient for Arabian Derby winners. Out of the 74 horses subject to the analysis 32 have not been inbred, which is 43% of all horses that triumphed in said race. The inbreeding coefficient for some horses was 7.03%, 5.46% and 4.68%, and for 7% (5 horses) amounted to 6.25%.

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Table 5. Arabian Derby winners in terms of the inbreeding coefficient,

INBREEDING NUMBER OF % IN

COEFFICIENT (%) WINNERS GENERAL

0 32 43

0,78 11 15

1,56 12 16

2,34 4 6

3,12 5 7

3,90 2 3

4,68 1 1

5,46 1 1

6,25 5 7

7,03 1 1

Derby winners' future fortune is essential for breeding progres of Polish, purebred Arabian horses. Having run in races and having completed their racing career horses can be incorporated into Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding or exported without use in Polish breeding. More than half of purebred Arabians concerned have been used in the Polish studs (62%, 46 horses), including 37 % stallions (27 horses) and 25% mares (19 horses) (Figure 1). According to Gac [1] 49% (28 horses) of Thotoughbreds have been incorporated into Polish breeding.

38%

□ MARES INCORPORATED INTO BREEDING

□ STALLIONS INCORPORATED INTO BREEDING

□ HORSES NOT USED FOR BREEDING

Figure 1. Proportion of Arabian Derby winners incorporated and not incorporated into Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding.

Conclusions. The Derby race is considered the most important race thought the year. Its winners form a selected material that should contribute to the purebred Arabian horse breeding progress. It has been found that stallions won said race more often than mares, 75% and 25%, respectively, and that colour does not affect achievement. The horses concerned came from 15 dam lines and 15 sire lines. Most Derby winners came from the dam lines of Gazella d.b. (19%), and Mlecha d.b., (17%). 22% winners came from the Kuhailan Haifi d.b. sire line. and from the Kuhailan Afas d.b. sire line (16%). Vast majority of the horses that triumphed in 264

Derby race was bred in national studs (80%), and most of them came from the studs Janow Podlaski Stud (37%) and in Michalow Stud (12%). No inbreeding has been found in the pedigree of 43% horses. 62% of Derby winners have been incorporated into the Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding.

References.

1. GAC A., 2002 - Proba oceny koni pelnej krwi angielskiej wygrywaj^cych gonitw? „Derby" na podstawie ich pozniejszego uzytkowania. Praca magisterska, AR Krakow.

2. LASLEY J.F., 1968 - Genetyczne podstawy doskonalenia zwierz^t. PWRiL, Warszawa.

3. PRUSKI W., GRABOWSKI J., SCHUCH S., 1963 - Hodowla Koni. t. II. PWRiL, Warszawa.

4. PRUSKI W., 1980 - Wyscigi i hodowla koni pelnej krwi oraz czystej krwi arabskiej w Polsce w latach 1918-1939. Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich-Wydawnictwo Wroclaw.

5. PRUSKI W., 1983 - Dwa wieki polskiej hodowli koni arabskich (17781978) i jej sukcesy na swiecie. PWRiL, Warszawa.

6. WOLSKI K., 1998 - Derby koni. Z m. do m Wyscigi konne, nr 40, 14 Wydawnictwo Pod Patronatem Polskiego Zwi^zku Hodowcow Koni Pelnej Krwi Angielskiej, Warszawa.

7. ZI^TARSKI B. 1927 - Wrazenia z wyscigow koni arabskich. Jezdziec i Hodowca 29, 322-323.

Summary.

Gonitwa „Derby" jest uwazana za najwazniejszq gonitw% w roku. Jej zwyciqzcy sq wyselekcjonowanym materialem zarodowym, ktory powinien miec wklad w postqp hodowlany rasy czystej krwi arabskiej w Polsce. Celem pracy bylo zewidencjonowanie koni czystej krwi arabskiej, ktore wygraly gonitw% „Derby" w Polsce od 1927-2006 roku. Zwrocono uwag% na takie czynniki jak: plec, umaszczenie, pochodzenie, wspolczynnik inbredu oraz hodowc%. Podano ilosci koni wcielonych i niewcielonych do hodowli. Dane zgromadzono na podstawie: wiadomosci wyscigowych, dokumentacji hodowlanej, Polskich Ksiqg Stadnych Koni Arabskich Czystej Krwi, Rejestru Polskich Ogierow Czystej Krwi Arabskiej Uzytych do Hodowli oraz Rejestru Wartosci Uzytkowej Polskich Koni Czystej Krwi Arabskiej. Stwierdzono, ze gonitw% „Derby" cz%sciej wygrywaly ogiery (75%) niz klacze (25%) oraz, ze masc konia nie miala wplywu na jego osiqgniqcia wyscigowe. Analizowane konie pochodzily z 15 rodzin i 15 rodow arabskich. Najwi%cej derbistow wywodzilo si% z rodziny klaczy Gazella or. ar. (19%) oraz Mlechy or. ar. (17%). Z rodu Kuhailan Haif or. ar. wywodzilo si% 22% zwyciqzcow, kolejny pod wzgl%dem liczby zwyciqzcow byl rod Kuhailan Afas or. ar. (16%). Zdecydowana wiqkszosc derbistow wyhodowana byla w stadninach panstwowych (80%), przy czym najwi%cej pochodzilo ze stadniny koni w Janowie Podlaskim (37%) i stadniny koni Michalow (12%). Nie wykazano inbredu w rodowodach 43% koni. Do hodowli polskiej wcielono 62% koni, ktore wygraly gonitw% „ Derby ".

Cmammx nadiumna do peda^ii 2.04.2009

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