DEFINITION REGULATORY CEPHALOMETRIC OPTIONS BY THE METHOD OF TWEED INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR UKRAINIAN BOYS AND GIRLS

In the article the cephalometric parameters which are used in the analysis of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation and their importance for young people Podilskiy region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite, assessment of sexual differences of these parameters and the comparison of obtained results with normative data which are used by Charles H. Tweed International Foundation and normative data of H. Stockfisch for the European population. Established gender and ethnic differences point to the need to create a normative base of cephalometric indicators used in the analysis of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation for the population of Ukraine.

Мaterial and methods. Using the device Veraviewepocs 3D, Morita (Japan) in 38 boys (age from 17 to 21 years) and 55 girls (aged from 16 to 20 years) with physiological occlusion closest to orthognathic were obtained lateral teleroentgenogram. To conduct teleroentgenogram analysis used software OnyxCeph³ ™, version 3DPro, of Image Instruments GmbH, (Germany).
We determined the following parameters ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2 -numbered and marked in red): -angle FMIA (Frankfort Mandibular Incisor Angle)formed by lines Is1L-Ap1L (the central axis of the lower medial incisor) and Pо-Or (frankfurt plane FP); -angle FMA (Frankfort Mandibular Angle)formed by lines tGo-Me (mandibular plane MP) and Pо-Or (frankfurt plane FP); -angle IMPA (Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle)formed by lines Is1L-Ap1L (the central axis of the lower medial incisor) and tGo-Me (mandibular plane MP); -angle SNAformed by lines S-N and N-A (points to anteroposterior location of the upper jaw to the skull base);-angle SNBformed by lines S-N and N-В (points to anteroposterior location of the lower jaw to the skull base); -angle ANBformed by lines A-N and N-B (points to angle between-jaw value in the anteroposterior direction; ANB angle considered positive if point A is in front of line NB; if the lines NA and NB overlap, the ANB angle is 0˚; if the point A is behind the line NB, then the angle is considered negative);-index Witsthe distance between the design points AOclP and BOclP -projections corresponding points A and B on the line apOcP-ppOcP (locking plane OclP) points to linear correlation between-jaw in anteroposterior direction; if the projection of point A is ahead of projections point B the index takes a positive value; if the projection of point A is behind projections point B then the index takes a negative value); -angle POr_OcPformed by lines apOcP-ppOcP (locking plane OclP) and Pо-Or (frankfurt plane FP);-angle Zformed by lines Pog'-Li and Pо-Or (frankfurt plane FP) (the angle between a soft tissue, determined chin-lower-lip line and frankfurt plane FP);-distance Ls1u_Lsthe thickness of the upper lip (the distance from point Ls1u to point Ls);distance Pog_Pog'the thickness of soft tissue chin (distance from point Pog to point Pog'); -distance PFHrear height of face (distance from point Ar to point tGo); -distance AFHfront height of face (distance from point Мe to line ANS-PNSdistance from the lowest point on the mandibular symphysis and the plane of the upper jaw bases SpP); -ratio AFH_PFH -the ratio of the distance from the point Мe to line ANS-PNS and from point Ar to point tGo (relationship between values AFH and PFH). Statistical analysis of obtained results carried out in the license package "Statistica 6,0" using nonparametric methods for assessing the results. Reliability of difference values between independent quantitative values were determined using the U-Mann-Whitney criterion.
Results and its discussion. Cephalometric parameters by Charles H. Tweed International Foundation for boys and girls Podilskiy region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite and standards used by Charles H. Tweed International Foundation and the resulting study of the American population [13] and the norms recommended by N. Stockfisch [18] for the European population presented in the table 1. When comparing cephalometric parameters which are used in the analysis of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation between boys and girls Podilskiy region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite for boys set higher value of indicators Wits (p <0,05), Ls1u_Ls (p <0,001), Pog_Pog '(p <0,001), PFH (p <0,001), AFH (p <0.001) and AFH_PFH (p <0.05); and in girls -significantly greater angle value POr_OcP (p <0.01) ( Table 1). Comparing cephalometric parameters by Charles H. Tweed International Foundation with percentile scale data indicators that received from boys and girls Podilskiy region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite, set expressed following differences: the smaller angle value FMA and larger angle value IMRA in boys and girls of Podillya; POr_OcP smaller angle value and distance PFH in boys of Podillya and distance AFH in girls of Podillya and AFH_PFH ratio of boys and girls of Podillya (see Table 1). When comparing cephalometric parameters with norms recommended by H. Stockfisch for the European population with percentile scale data indicators that received in boys and girls Podilskiy region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite, set expressed following differences: smaller values of Wits in girls of Podillya and corner POr_OcP in boys of Podillya; as well as in comparison with Charles H. Tweed International Foundation, smaller values AFH_PFH ratio in boys and girls of Podillya (Table 1).
Analysis cephalometric parameters between boys and girls Podilsky region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite showed that in boys from on one side, set higher values of inter-jaw linear relationship (Wits), and from other -indicators of the position of the upper (SNA) and lower (SNB) jaw relative to the point N and angular rate between-jaw relationship (ANB) have no significant differences. This phenomenon can be explained only by geometric influence of different position locking plane on which carried the projection of points A and B. Installed in girls larger value of the angle POr_OcP, formed by locking and frankfurt plane corresponds to more vertical position of locking plane, and consequently decreases the rate of WITS (takes more negative value). This fact once again indicating on sensitivity of indicator WITS to the position of locking plane and it necessary to consider only in combination with other indicators. Established in boys more than in girls, linear indicators thickness of the upper lip (Ls1u_Ls), the thickness of soft tissue of chin (Pog_Pog '), and also back (PFH) and front (AFH) face height and according to their value (AFH_PFH) match to common anatomical features of the body structure men. When comparing cephalometric parameters in boys and girls Podilskiy region of Ukraine with the standards, recommended by H. Stockfisch for the European population established only smaller (more negative) values of Wits, caused by a more horizontal tilt locking plane (angle POr_OcP) in boys and higher values AFH_PFH ratio in boys and girls. Therefore most of cephalometric differences in parameters obtained from boys and girls Podilskiy region with Ukraine orthognathic bite set with norms and standards by Charles H. Tweed International Foundation, which were derived from a study of the American population without regard to ethnicity and gender. In his works, I. Solmaz and M. Raberin [19] point to a need to review the regulations, taking into account the fact that most cephalometric norms were prepared for the North American population, and completely inappropriate for African and Asian populations. In contrast to the aesthetic norms and accordingly the need for a different regulatory framework indicates a study conducted in two Brazilian states [15].
Studies of adult Iranians profile of (mean age 24.5 years) with normal occlusion indicate a more convex profile in both sexes, the rear position of the chin and lips in comparison with European standards [8]. Similar results were obtained by the researchers of the Turkish population [2], and pointed to the existence of sexual differences. Cephalometric analysis of the Tweed held at the Bangladesh study population showed differences in the angular characteristics of the cranial complex in relation to the proposed standards [16]. As a result, the study of the Mexican population in 2013 (mean age 19 years) with an acceptable occlusion revealed significant differences between the results obtained and the existing regulations. Specific population norms for cephalometric analysis of the Tweed were established too [7]. Similar studies standards cephalometric analysis of Tweed and its components have been carried out for Maratha Ethnic population [14], Nepal [17], Saudi Arabia [21]. Our results, as in presented research results of other authors, point to the need for the creation of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation regulatory framework cephalometric standards based on ethnicity, age and sex.

Conclusions
1. In most cases, sex differences cephalometric parameters which are used in the analysis of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation between boys and girls Podilskiy region with Ukraine with orthognathic bite set for linear dimensions (higher values in boys distances Wits, Ls1u_Ls, Pog_Pog ', PFH and AFH, and as result ratio AFH_PFH) and only in girls greater angle value POr_OcP. 2. Differences in cephalometric parameters which are used in the analysis of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation (derived from study of the American population) with those obtained in young people Podilskiy region of Ukraine with orthognathic bite installed for both corners (lower values of angles FMA and POr_OcP and greater value IMRA corner in boys and girls), and for linear sizes higher distance value PFH in boys and less distance value AFH in girls and as a result, the ratio AFH_PFH in boys and girls). 3. With the standards recommended by N. Stockfisch for the European population is set less pronounced differences of cephalometric parameters which are used in the analysis of Charles H. Tweed International Foundation (lower values of Wits in girls and in boys in the corner POr_OcP and relationship AFH_PFH in boys and girls Podilskiy region Ukraine).