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15VETERINARY SCIENCES
CYSTODES-ULTRA AGAINST OOCYSTE EIMERIA SPP. BROILER CHICKEN
Safiullin R.
doctor of veterinary sciences, professor, chief researcher, epizootology laboratory and sanitary parasitology
Shibitov S. candidate of veterinary sciences, leading researcher of the laboratory Chalysheva E. graduate student of the laboratory
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant -a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institute "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV"
Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The practice of successful poultry farms shows that the prevention of poultry parasitosis includes a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures aimed both against exogenous oocysts in the external environment and against the endogenous stages of the pathogen - inside the bird's body, using modern antiparasitic agents. Taking into account the noted and special resistance of eimeria oocysts in the external environment, it is possible to create an effective disinfestation agent against them using several active ingredients and excipients. Among these drugs, glutaraldehyde and crystalline iodine should be noted, when used together at optimal concentrations.
The experiments were carried out from August to October 2019 in the laboratory and vivarium of the Institute on 14-day-old Cobb-500 60 broiler chickens. Cystodes-ultra working solutions in different concentrations were prepared in advance, as well as a buffer solution WSH, a means for preserving bird feces. Cystodesis-ultra is a complex agent in the form of a liquid for disinfection of objects of veterinary veterinary supervision and prevention of invasive bird diseases. When testing the chickens of the first, second and third groups were given 1 ml of a suspension of Eimeria spp. oocysts, treated with 3; 4 and 5% solutions of Cystodes-ultra, inside using a micropipette; the fourth - also 1 ml of a suspension of eimeria oocysts, treated with a 4% phenol solution. Broilers of the fifth group were given a suspension with sporulated Eimeria spp. oocysts at a dose of 2000 per 1 ml, untreated with a disinfectant - the infected control, and the sixth group - 1 ml each of WSH buffer solution - non-infected control. During the experiment, the chickens were monitored daily, paying attention to their general condition, behavior, appetite, and visible physiological changes. According to the research results, the intensity of Cystodesis-ultra in 3, 4 and 5% concentration against sporulated eimeria oocysts was 93.08%; 100 and 100%, respectively, and phenol in 4% concentration - 76.92%. The number of oocysts in 1 g of litter in the infected control group was 4680, and the chickens of the uninfected control remained free from invasion at all times of the study.
Keywords: broiler chickens, eimeria, artificial infection, Cystodes-ultra, phenol, intensification.
Introduction. Successful prevention of bird para-sitosis consists of a set of therapeutic and prophylactic measures directed against both exogenous oocysts in the external environment and against the endogenous stages of the pathogen - inside the bird's body, using modern antiparasitic agents [1-3]. Considering the noted and special resistance of eimeria oocysts in the external environment, it is possible to create an effective disinfestation agent against them using several active ingredients and excipients. Among such drugs, glu-taraldehyde and crystalline iodine should be noted, when used together at optimal concentrations.
Studies have shown that objects in the external environment of poultry farms are very often contaminated with eimeria oocysts and other invasive elements, and many of them, depending on the conditions, are able to maintain viability and cause infection of birds for a long time [4-5].
Based on the above, we set ourselves the task of testing the effectiveness of different concentrations of the complex agent Cystodes-ultra against sporulated oocysts of eimeria of broilers in comparison with the basic drug phenol.
Materials and methods. The experiment on testing different concentrations of the preparation Cys-todes-ultra for desivation was carried out in the vivarium of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNTs VIEV RAS (Moscow) on 60 broiler chickens of 14 days of age, free from coccidia and their feed did not contain anti-coccidial drugs. In their work, to control the concentration of sporulated coccidial oo-cysts (2000 oocysts / ml), a Mac Master chamber and an MBS microscope were used, and SWH buffer was used for dilution so that it was possible to inject 1 ml of suspension to each chick. A magnetic stirrer was used to achieve good mixing of the material. All experimental chickens were subjected to clinical examination, individual numbering, weighing and, according to the principle of analogues, were divided into six groups of 10 chickens each.
Chickens of the first, second and third groups were given 1 ml of a suspension of Eimeria spp. Oocysts, treated with 3; 4 and 5% concentration of the drug Cys-todesis-ultra inside using a micro-pipette gradually.
Chickens of the fourth group were given 1 ml of Eimeria oocyst suspension treated with 4% phenol solution (base preparation). Chickens of the fifth group received 1 ml of suspension containing 2000 oocysts / ml - infected control. Chickens of the sixth group received 1 ml of buffer solution and served as a "clean" control.
During the experiment, chickens of all six groups were kept in similar conditions, and they had the same diet. During the entire experiment, daily clinical observations of the general condition, their behavior, intake of food and water, visible physiological changes, and others were carried out for the chickens.
From chickens of each group separately to establish oocysts in feces from 6 to 12 days, all droppings were collected daily, weighed, water was added to a weight of 2000 g, and mixed with a mixer for 5 minutes. Samples were taken from each group for further studies in an amount of 25 g, which were preserved with a 4% potassium dichromate solution, stirring with a mixer, brought to a homogeneous mass, then transferred to microcontainers with a screw lid and stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of +4 ° C.
Oocysts in 1 g of feces were determined by the Fulleborn flotation method using a saturated sodium chloride solution with a density of 1.18 g / cm3, and their number was counted using a Mac Master chamber.
The effectiveness of disinfestation when prescribing different concentrations of Cystodes-ultra, as well as a 4% concentration of the basic phenol preparation, was determined based on the percentage decrease in the release of eimeria oocysts after exposure to them with the marked concentrations of disinfectants compared to chickens of the infected control, which were given 2000 oocysts / ml.
Research results. Studies to determine oocysts in the feces of experimental chickens collected from 6 to 12 days after the administration of a suspension treated with disinfectants showed their presence in a certain amount, but not in all groups. So, in the study of experimental chickens of the first group, which were prescribed a suspension of oocysts treated with a 3% concentration of Cystodes-ultra, oocysts of eimeria in feces were found at all periods of research and the average indicator in one chamber for all periods of research was 1.62. The number of eimeria oocysts in 1 g of litter in this group was 324, which is 6.92% of the control. Hence, the intensity of Cystodesis-ultra in a 3% concentration or the percentage decrease in the number of oocysts after exposure to the marked concentration of the drug is 93.08%.
The results of studies of samples of litter from chickens of the 2nd and 3rd groups, which received a suspension of oocysts treated with 4 and 5% concentration of Cystodes-ultra, in no case were oocysts found, which gives us reason to assert about 100% efficiency of the complex the drug Cystodes-ultra in the marked concentrations against the oocysts of bird coccidia.
In the fourth group of chickens, after administration of a suspension of oocysts treated with a 4% concentration of phenol (basic preparation), oocysts in the litter were found during all periods of research (from 1 to 7 days) in an amount from 0.4 to 10.4 specimens. in the chamber, and the average indicator in the 1st chamber for the period of the study was 5.4 copies. The number of oocysts in 1 g of droppings in this group was
equal to 1080 specimens, which is 23.08% of the control.
Hence, the intensity of phenol at 4% concentration against coccidial oocysts was 76.92%. Chickens of the 5th group, receiving 2000 sporulated oocysts / ml at all periods of the study with droppings, excreted eimerian oocysts in an amount of 0.6 to 39.6 specimens. in the chamber and the average indicator in one chamber for the period of research was 23.4 copies. The number of oocysts in 1 year of droppings in the group of infected control was 4680 specimens. And this indicator was used as a baseline when calculating the percentage of reduction in the number of oocysts or the intensity of the drugs tested in the experiment and their concentrations.
Chickens of the 6th group, which received buffer without oocysts, served as uninfected controls and remained free of invasion at all stages of the study.
The intensity of the disinfectants used in their studies or the percentage reduction in the number of eimeria oocysts was determined using the following formula:
IE = (COc - COd) / COc x 100, where
IE - drug efficiency,%;
COC - the number of oocysts in chickens of the control group;
COde - the number of oocysts in chickens that received treated
oocyst disinfectant.
Using the data we obtained in the experiment, we determined the intensity of the drug Cystodes-ultra in 3% concentration
IE = (4680-324) / 4680 x 100 = 93.085 (p <0.05)
At concentrations of 4 and 5% Cystodes-ultra showed 100% effectiveness against eimeria oocysts.
The 4% phenol we used as a base preparation showed eimeria against oocysts:
IE = (4680 - 1080) / 4680 x 100 = 76.92% efficiency.
Conclusion. The intensity of the complex disinfestation agent Cystodes-ultra in different concentrations against sporulated oocysts of eimerian broilers was: 3% from 93.08%, 4 and 5% - 100%. Since this agent in 4 and 5% concentrations showed the same high efficiency - 100%, we recommend using it in 4% concentration for the treatment of poultry houses in the period of preparation for the colonization of young chickens.
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