CC BY
67
UDC 379.85
DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10211
Valeriya Sh. KHETAGUROVA
Russian State Social University (Moscow, Russia);
PhD in Geography, Associate Professor; e-mail: vhetag@yandex.ru
Elena M. KRYUKOVA
Russian State Social University (Moscow, Russia);
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor; e-mail: lena-krukova@yandex.ru
CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF ETHNOGRAPHIC TOURISM IN MOSCOW REGION
Abstract. In the analysis of the current state of theoretical approaches to the development of ethnographic tourism, systematization of the research methodology based on foreign and Russian experience, the prerequisites and factors for the development of ethnographic tourism in Russia were identified, the specificity of ethnographic tourism in tourist flows was revealed; the place and role of the Moscow Region in the development of ethnographic tourism in the Russian Federation are substantiated. Evaluation of the resource base within the Moscow region allows revealing the geopolitical, economic and social aspects of the formation of ethnographic tourism in the region. As a result of the study, trends in the development of ethnographic tourism were identified, the most promising areas in the region were identified: ethnic, ethnographic, ecological-ethnographic, anthropological tourism. In addition, in accordance with the developed technology, the regions of the Moscow region that have the greatest potential for the development of ethnographic tourism were identified: Sergiev Posad district and Mytishchi. The most successful practices of organizing ethnographic, ecological and ethnographic tourism within the Moscow region are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was possible to identify existing problems in the organization and development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region, and to suggest possible solutions to them, namely: creating a unified information base; differentiation of concepts and their fixing in regulatory documents; the introduction of seasonal promotions; more active use of the resource base for the development of varieties of ethnographic tourism; improving marketing strategy. An analysis of the prerequisites and factors for the development of ethnographic tourism in the region contributes to the popularization of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region in the Internet space, ensures the sustainable development of this type of tourism, folk crafts, and museum and exhibition business in the region. Ultimately, this allows for an increase in the tourist flow, as well as creating additional jobs in the tourism industry in the suburbs.
Keywords: Moscow region, ethnographic tourism, tourist flows, tourism industry, ethnomuseum, ethnocultural parks and complexes
Citation: Khetagurova, V. Sh., & Kryukova, E. M. (2020). Current state and development trends of ethnographic tourism in Moscow region. Service and Tourism: Current Challenges, 14(2), 114-123. doi: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10211.
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Received 25 April 2020 No potential conflict of interest was reported by Accepted 21 May 2020_the author(s)._
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УДК 379.85
DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10211
ХЕТАГУРОВА Валерия Шотаевна
Российский государственный социальный университет (Москва, РФ); кандидат географических наук, доцент; e-mail: vhetag@yandex.ru
КРЮКОВА Елена Михайловна
Российский государственный социальный университет (Москва, РФ); кандидат экономических наук, доцент; e-mail: lena-krukova@yandex.ru
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМА В МОСКОВСКОй ОБЛАСТИ
Цель исследования заключалась в оценке современного состояния и перспектив развития этнографического туризма в Московской области; анализе предпосылок и факторов его становления, а также условий формирования туристских потоков данного вида туризма в регионе и обозначение путей преодоления существующих проблем. Решены следующие задачи: собрана и обобщена информация о наличии и состоянии объектов этнографического туризма в регионе; классифицированы объекты этнотуризма в зависимости от их видов; дана оценка туристского потенциала Московской области с точки зрения перспектив развития этнографического туризма; исследованы предпосылки и факторы развития этнографического туризма в регионе; выявлены проблемные вопросы и пути их решения. Определены предпосылки развития этнотуризма, выявлено место и специфика этнографического туризма в туристских потоках и обоснована роль Подмосковья в развитии этнотуризма в РФ. Оценка ресурсной базы в пределах Московской области позволяет раскрыть геополитические, экономические и социальные аспекты становления этнографического туризма в регионе. В результате исследования обозначены тенденции развития этнографического туризма, выделены наиболее перспективные направления этно-туризма на территории региона - этнический, этнографический, эколого-этнографический, антропологический туризм. Кроме того, в соответствии с разработанной технологией выявлены районы Московской области, которые обладают наибольшими возможностями для развития этнографического туризма (Сергиево-Посадский и Мытищинский). Собранный материал систематизирован в виде таблиц-реестров, содержащих информацию по данным объектам по каждому району в отдельности. В результате составлена карта туристско-рекреационно-го районирования этнографического туризма Московской области. Проанализированы наиболее успешные практики организации этнографического, эколого-этнографического туризма в пределах Московской области. По итогам проведения анализа удалось выявить существующие проблемы в организации и развитии этнографического туризма в Подмосковье, и предложить возможные пути их решения. Анализ современного состояния и оценка выявленных в ходе исследования проблем в сфере этнографического туризма позволили наметить тенденцию его развития на ближайшую перспективу и предложить рекомендации.
Ключевые слова: Московская область, этнографический туризм, туристские потоки, туринду-стрия, этномузей, этнокультурные комплексы.
Для цитирования: Хетагурова В.Ш., Крюкова Е.М. Современное состояние и тенденции развития этнографического туризма в Московской области // Современные проблемы сервиса и туризма. 2020. Т.14. №2. С. 114-123. DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2020-10211.
Дата поступления в редакцию: 25 апреля 2020 г. Дата утверждения в печать: 21 мая 2020 г.
1 Introduction. Ethnographic parks, complexes, ethnic villages and ethnographic open-air museums are unique objects of ethnographic tourism. These objects can be the main sources of study of folk culture [10]. Representatives of 193 peoples live in Russia (according to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census), which have distinctive features of material and spiritual culture. Ethnographic tourism is of great educational and educational importance for the country's population as a whole, in addition, it enhances the recreational attractiveness of destinations, increases the flow of foreign tourists, promotes the development of domestic tourism, and also brings additional income to the treasury of the local budget and rises the number of jobs [19].
The growing interest in this type of tourism is due to the fact that part of the modern population, being in urbanized conditions, spends a large amount of time among technologies, which displaces the closeness of nature, culture, and historical past from human life. The interest in ethno-cultural tourism in Russia is growing, this can be explained by a number of factors, primarily: the diversity of ethnic groups inhabiting the country, the uniqueness of their national culture, and the spiritual need of Russians to join ethnic roots. Based on the analysis of the proposals of ethnic tours and ethnographic festivals, the TurStat agency determined the Top 10 best ethnic parks in Russia, popular with tourists [3]: Ethnographic complex Ataman (Krasnodar Territory); Park-Museum "Ethnomir" (Kaluga Region); Finno-Ugric Ethnopark (Komi Republic); Rural park "Okolitsa" (Tomsk region); Ethnopark "Nomad" (Moscow region); Ethnic village "Tygydym" (Yaroslavl region); Ethnopark "Golden Horde" (Irkutsk region); Ethnopark "My Russia" (Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi); Park "Vatan" (Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan); "Small Korely" (Arkhangelsk region). These complexes continue their active development, expand and improve the services provided to tourists, actively conduct ethnographic festivals, holidays, all this increases the flow of tourists and contributes to the economic, social, cultural development of the regions of Russia. According to data from a sociological survey organized by the feder-
al tourism agency, 88% of Russian residents would like to go on an ethnographic tour. This suggests that this area has the prospect of becoming in demand within the country [7].
Therefore, for the active development of ethno-tourism in a particular region, it is necessary to have an idea of what serves as factors and the main prerequisites that determine the development of this type of tourism in the selected area [1]. Therefore, timely and relevant studies are to assess the current state and prospects for the development of ethnographic tourism in Moscow region; analysis of the prerequisites and factors of its formation, as well as the conditions for the formation of tourist flows of this type of tourism in the region and the identification of ways to overcome the problems identified during the study.
2 Methodology. Research in the field of ethnographic tourism is based on the methods used in tourism studies in general [2]. For further work on the study of the development of ethnographic tourism, it is necessary to consider the foundations on which the methodology of tourism research in general is built. The research methods that are used in tourism can formally be divided into groups according to their content. The entire study is based on the general laws of development and knowledge of the dialectical method [6]. And on the basis of practical activity, special methods are defined.
In the study of ethnographic tourism, as well as tourism in general, empirical and logical methods were used. The object of the study are objects that are located in the Moscow suburbs and can be attributed to ethnographic tourism. Using general scientific research methods: systematization and generalization of information, content analysis and logical analysis, the following tasks were solved: information was collected and summarized on the availability and condition of ethnographic tourism objects in the region; Ethnographic tourism objects were classified depending on their types. Also the tourist potential of Moscow region in terms of the prospects for the development of ethnographic tourism was evaluated; the background and factors of the development of ethnographic tourism in the region were studied; problem-
Fig. 1 - Stages of research on the development of ethnographic tourism in Moscow region
atic issues and solutions were identified (Figure 1).
3 Results
3.1 Ethnographic potential of the Moscow region: current status
The Russian Federation, possessing a sufficiently large resource base for the development of ethnographic tourism, today does not reach the level of development of this type of tourism that would correspond to its potential in this niche. As for Moscow region, today the development of tourism in the region is at a fairly high level. In accordance with the data of the TurStat agency, at the end of 2019, more than 15 million tourists visited Moscow Region. It is important to note that Moscow region is in 3rd place in the ranking of the most popular regions of Russia among tourists after Moscow and the Krasnodar Territory. However, with the development of ethnographic tourism in Moscow region, things are different. Ethnographic tourism in Moscow region is a nascent destination, at the moment so far not having sufficient distribution. However, the Moscow region has a fairly extensive resource base for its promotion, with a fairly good level of development of tourist infrastructure and transport accessibility [17]. It is worth noting that according to TurStat, according to the results of 2019,
the MasterOK festival in Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow Region was included in the top 5 open-air ethnographic festivals. Moscow region is definitely not a key region for the development of the ethnographic direction of tourism in Russia, however, it has quite good prospects for its successful further promotion and development.
According to the collection "Best practices of ethnographic tourism in the Russian Federation", the following information can be noted regarding the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region. Along with Belgorod and Irkutsk Regions, as well as the Komi Republic, an ethnographic park is also located and operates in Moscow Region (Ethnic Park "Nomad", Sergiev Posad District, near the town of Khotkovo). In addition, along with four other regions of Russia, such as the Republic of Crimea, the Republic of Karelia, Ryazan Oblast, Tver Oblast, Moscow Oblast, it has an ethnocultural center that preserves cultural heritage, folk traditions, customs, and actively provides services in the field of ethnographic tourism (ethnocultural Kolos-vet center, Mozhaisk district) [9; 13]. For the further development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region, it may be necessary to abandon the already familiar one-sided orientation towards ethnographic tourism.
This is due to the fact that such a view on the development of ethno-tourism will maximize the use of existing resources in the Moscow region, while at the moment only a small part is involved.
Table 2 provides a brief justification for each identified area of ethno-tourism in the Moscow region: ethnic, ethnographic, ecological-ethnographic and anthropological tourism. According to researchers, each of the above types of tourism has a basis for development in the Moscow region [4]. In general, the Moscow region has a fairly extensive resource base. Resources are understood as a combination of ethnographic, ethnic, ethn-ocultural objects that can be involved in the implementation of ethnographic tourism and its various directions.
To assess the resource base of the Moscow region for the implementation of ethnographic tourism, we analyzed each district of the Moscow Region, identified objects that are already involved or can be used to implement ethnographic tourism.
The collected material is systematized in the form of registry tables containing in-
formation on these facilities for each district separately.
As a result, a map of tourist and recreational zoning of ethnographic tourism of the Moscow region was compiled (Figure 2). On the map, the areas with the largest number of ethnographic tourism sites are displayed in red, that is, the areas with the greatest potential for the development of ethnographic tourism. The yellow color indicates the areas that contain only one object in this area. The remaining areas are marked in green. In addition to the areas indicated on the map, one object in the field of ethnographic tourism also contains the Dzerzhinsky urban district, the urban district of Dubna, the Zhukovsky urban district, the Krasnoarmeysky urban district, Reutov. Based on the information received, it can be concluded that the predominant part of ethnographic tourism sites is located in the west, north, north-west of Moscow Region, and the Sergiev Posad district, which has been a leader in the number of visits by tourists and Mytishchi for several years, has the most advantageous positions.
Table 1 - the Development of various areas of ethno-tourism in the Moscow region
Ethnic Tourism Description and justification of development
Ethnic tourism In this case, ethnic tourism refers to tours aimed at introducing people to the traditional / modern culture, as well as their lifestyle [20]. The Moscow region is the "cradle of Russian ethnicity" [4]. Due to its position near the capital, the Moscow region has long been a point of distribution further throughout the country of cultural innovations that originated in Moscow or were borrowed from abroad. This fact can be used to create ethnic complexes and ethnic museums in the Moscow region. In addition, since 1929, a number of territories that historically belonged to neighboring provinces adjoined the Moscow Region, this provides the basis for the creation of ethnographic villages, complexes that would reflect the regional culture -Ryazan, Vladimir, Tver.
Ethnographic tourism According to Butuzov A.G. "Ethnographic tourism" is a similar direction in value to ethnic tourism. Ethnic tourism is distinguished by its focus on both modern culture and traditional [5]. Ethnographic tourism reflects only pre-industrial traditional folk culture. Ethnographic tours should reflect national customs, traditional dishes, traditional buildings, types of layouts of settlements, etc. Ethnographic complexes can also be used to implement this direction [16].
Ecological and ethnographic tourism The basis for the development of ecological and ethnographic directions can be a network of specially protected natural territories [5]. The Moscow Region has such well-known objects as the Losiny Ostrov National Park and the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Also, the historical-architectural, historical-archaeological and natural-architectural museums-reserves of the region have the potential for the development of ecological and ethnographic tourism.
Anthropological tourism Here, anthropological tourism should be understood as travel that involves the study of the culture of past eras [8]. Reconstructing historical compositions, historical festivals, including demonstrative battles, knightly tournaments, historical venues depicting the daily lives of people are perfectly suitable for implementing this type of tourism.
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Fig. 2 - Tourist-recreational map of ethnographic tourism objects of the Moscow region
If we talk about the most common objects for the implementation of ethnographic tourism on the basis of the analysis, we can say that in almost every region of the Moscow Region there are historical, art, historical and local history museums and reserve museums that contain a certain number of exhibits, in some cases whole expositions depicting peasant life, traditions, culture, merchant and noble life.
Among the identified objects used for the implementation of ethno-tourism, one cannot fail to note such an object as the Losiny Ostrov National Park with many of its environmental centers, which clearly show an example of the implementation of ecological and ethnographic tourism. On the territory of the national park there are 4 centers offering tourists programs in this area: Center "Abramtsevo" (offers holding ethnic holidays, festivals, master classes); Russian Hunting Center (the exposition presents the history of Russian hunting for tourists; archaeological excavations that took place on the site of the
palace construction are of particular interest); Ecological center "Russian Life" reveals two topics: the first - peasant and suburban life of the XIX-XX centuries, the second - the economy of Vyatichi during the settlement of the Moscow river valley of the X century. (according to tradition, environmental and ethnographic holidays - "Ivan Kupala", "Wide Shrovetide", "Holiday of the Three Savior" are held annually at the center "Russian Life"; The Tea Party in Mytishchi Center (on the territory of the center, a collection of samovars and tea utensils of the 19th - 20th centuries, as well as an exposition of merchants's life from the late 19th - early 20th centuries are presented to the attention of tourists). These environmental education centers are the only ones of their kind that implement the direction of ecological and ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region [12].
An example of the maximum use of resources within the museum for the implementation of the ethnographic direction of tourism are organizations such as the Sergiev
Posad State Historical and Art MuseumReserve, the Museum and Exhibition Center of Serpukhov, as well as the Naro-Fominsk Museum of History and Local Lore. Here, on the basis of existing exhibitions, expositions and exhibits, various ethnographic festivals and ethnographic programs are actively held. For example, on the basis of the Sergiev Posad Museum-Reserve, a program was organized: "Wedding Planner: Pokrov came, get ready for the wedding."
The Museum and Exhibition Center of Serpukhov offers tourists programs of a similar orientation, with the permanent exhibition "The World of the Russian Village" being activated. Also, this center provides an opportunity to attend the "School of crafts." In addition, such traditional crafts as decorative painting on metal (village of Zhostovo), as well as lacquer miniature (village of Fedoskino) are developing in the Moscow region [14].
It should be noted that one of the largest objects of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow Region is the Nomad ethnographic park, the Kolosvet ethnocultural center, and the Husky Land ethnocultural complex of the northern peoples. A fairly large organization is functioning in the Moscow region, which also has an ethnographic focus - the Ratobortsy agency of historical projects. This organization conducts historical reenactment festivals, holidays, offers programs "Immersion in history."
The ethnic and cultural center Kolosvet conducts activities aimed at reviving and studying the root culture of the Russian people. The ethnic mystery theater "Suryanitsa" and the male ritual choir "Surovarg" were created on the basis of the ethnocultural center. These groups perform during various ethnic holidays, such as "Autumn Equinox -Khoros", "Perun Day", "Kupala", "Shrovetide-Komoeditsa", "Kolyada", "Rusalias for the whole family", "Lyalnik", etc. organized by Kolosvet.
The Husky Land ethnocultural complex of the northern peoples offers 3 types of programs for tourists: "Basic", "School", "Corporate".
Ethnographic park "Nomad" - a complex dedicated to the life of the nomadic peoples of Russia. Ethnopark is located 55 kilometers
from Moscow, in the Sergiev Posad district, near the city of Khotkovo. The infrastructure of the ethnographic park "Nomad" is made up of the Mongolian courtyard, the Turkic courtyard, the northern camp, the zoo yard, the tea yurt, the nomadic coffee house, and the shooting gallery. Ethnic Park "Nomad" implements programs for servicing tourists in three areas: festivals, holiday programs, thematic programs. The basis of all three areas is an excursion to the homes of nomads, walking on dogs, camels, often a concert of the Nomad ensemble, and further filling of the program consists of master classes, interactive programs, and sometimes tastings, corresponding to the theme.
As for new projects in the field of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region, it is worth noting that the ethnocultural project "Sergiev Posad - the Golden Gateway" is currently being developed. One of the directions of the program is "Living History Street" - interactive platforms created in pedestrian zones, providing tourists with the opportunity to get acquainted with a variety of historical sections of the city. This program also implies the holding of the Golden Gate Gate festival, the essence of the event is to show tourists the whole history of Russia from ancient times to the present day unified: to reflect the combination of traditions and modernity. The main directions of the festival: a platform for historical reconstruction; ethnography; interactive art objects; folk crafts; modern directions of ethnic music; educational programs on the history and culture of Russia; spiritual and secular music; plenary sessions.
So, as can be seen from the above, in the Moscow region there are and are already largely involved significant resources for the implementation of this type of tourism. These include ethnographic parks, ethnographic villages, open-air complexes, national parks, historical-architectural, historical-archaeological museums-reserves, historical-art, local history museums, which have ethnographic expositions and programs; theme museums; environmental education centers offering ethnographic programs; organizations whose activities are aimed at conducting ethnographic holidays and
programs; catering and accommodation enterprises with ethnographic themes, reconstruction historical compositions and festivals.
In general, the majority of ethnographic tourism facilities in the Moscow Region are either functioning properly, or are under reconstruction, or are in the design and development stage. In general, the development of ethnographic tourism in the region will contribute to the strengthening of domestic and inbound tourism, which is important for the resuscitation of the tourism industry in the post-pandemic period. Therefore, the development of this type of tourism in the region can contribute to the creation of new jobs, improve the quality of services provided, the development of tourism infrastructure, the emergence of new subspecies of ethno-tourism. These factors can cause a positive effect within the region in the current social and economic situation due to the crisis in the industry.
3.2 Factors that impede the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region
Regardless of the available resource base for the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region, there are problems and factors that impede the promotion of this type of tourism, and. for the solution of which, new approaches and ideas are needed. First of all, it concerns:
S regulatory support of ethnographic tourism;
S seasonality factor;
S insufficient and inaccessible information about the objects of this type of tourism, in particular on the Internet;
S low quality of service;
S virtually no advertising;
S dispersal of resources;
S limited use of tourism resources;
S insufficient number of thematic enterprises and accommodation and catering organizations.
For example, to eliminate the problems identified, appropriate measures can be taken, namely: in the low-traffic seasons, in order to maintain the tourist flow and the volume of services sold in the Moscow Region, it is advisable to conduct additional
"seasonal" campaigns to attract more tourists. In order to reduce the impact of weather conditions on visitors, most of the interactive events need to be carried out inside the existing premises, which is desirable to inform tourists in advance on the official websites of organizations. For a more complete use of the resource base of the Moscow region, you can give preference to the development of existing subspecies of ethnographic tourism, rather than focusing on a narrow direction [15]; the creation of ethnographic programs; expanding the resource base by creating new thematic enterprises in the field of ethnographic tourism, for example, theme cafes, parks, accommodation facilities, etc. [18]. Lack of advertising can be addressed by developing a marketing strategy. The problem of insufficient and inaccessible information in the Internet space in the field of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region can be solved by creating a thematic tourist information center, which will systematize information on ethnographic tourism and its facilities within the region and create a single information base. It is advisable to begin the formation of a tourist information center on the territory of the districts of the Moscow region, which are most prone to the development of ethnographic tourism. This in turn will contribute to the dissemination of information about new thematic projects and will become additional advertising.
Analysis of the current state and assessment of the problems identified in the study of ethnographic tourism identified during the study allow us to outline the trend of its development in the near future and offer the following recommendations:
S attracting investments to create a modern infrastructure of ethnographic tourism, including state support, as well as at the expense of domestic and foreign funds engaged in preserving ethnocultural potential;
S creation of infrastructure for the promotion of ethnographic tourism based on modern energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies;
S stimulation of processes of public organizations, business entities and local communities in the development
and implementation of new products of ethnographic tourism;
S involvement of the local population in the development of ethnographic tourism, the formation of interest and stimulation of folk crafts and the production of souvenirs;
S increasing the competitiveness of local tourism products by introducing standardization in the segment of ethnographic tourism;
S training and retraining of personnel in the field of organizing tourist services at ethnographic tourism facilities [11];
S systematization of information about objects and types of ethnographic activity, having certificates of conformity and informing the public.
Considering the above, it can be concluded that these recommendations will make it possible to take an important step to the next more qualitative stage in the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region: they will improve the quality of services provided, improve tourism infrastructure, and make information about ethnographic tourism and its facilities in the region more accessible and attract investment.
4 Conclusions. Despite the fact that the Moscow region has sufficient potential for the development of ethnographic tourism and on its territory there are not only ethnographic tourism objects, but also various thematic festivals and holidays are organized, as evidenced by indicators in the top ratings for organizing this type of tourism, nevertheless Ethnographic tourism for this region is not yet fully implemented type of tourism.
An analysis of the resource base revealed the most promising areas for the Moscow Region: ethnic tourism, ethnographic tourism, ecological and ethnographic tourism, anthropological tourism. In addition, the collection and systematization of information on ethnographic tourism sites made it possible to carry out tourist and recreational zoning of the Moscow region and present the results in the form of a map on which the identified sites are differentiated by district. The assessment of the resource base identified the most promising areas for the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region: Sergiev Posad and Mytishchi. One of the stag-
es of the study was devoted to the analysis of existing practices for the implementation of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region and considered the most ambitious objects of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region and indicated the presence of new developed projects. An analysis of the prerequisites and development factors of this type of tourism allowed us to conclude that the most significant factors are:
S geographical location of the Moscow region, territorial proximity to Moscow - the country's gates;
S developed resource base;
S high solvency of tourists, the bulk of which are residents of the metropolis and the region;
S the presence of a progressively developing infrastructure;
S development and implementation of cultural and ethnographic projects in the region, including the development of the cluster "Sergiev Posad - the gates of the Golden Ring of Russia".
The study identified problems in the organization and development of ethnographic tourism in the region and suggested ways to solve or minimize them, namely: creating a unified information base; implementation of a marketing concept; design and implementation of interactive seasonal events in the low season; a clear delineation of concepts in the field of ethnographic tourism and their consolidation in regulatory documents; fuller use of the potential of the resource base in the field of ethno-tourism and the creation and development of subspecies of ethnographic tourism.
The study of the prerequisites and factors for the development of ethnographic tourism in the Moscow region is of practical value and will contribute to the promotion of ethnographic tourism in the region. The development of this type of tourism involves not only stimulating folk crafts, museum and exhibition business, developing infrastructure, creating additional jobs, but in general, will help restore the tourism industry in the region after overcoming the crisis associated with the pandemic. First of all, this refers to bringing domestic and inbound tourism in the Moscow region to a new qualitative level.
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