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Section 5. Study of art
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-35-37
Valiyev Agil, PhD., on International relations, Scientific Research Institute on Human Rights of ANAS, Head of International Relations Department, Odlar Yurdu University, E-mail: ir.minedu@gmail.com
Culture and intercultural communication in international relations
Abstract: The term of "culture", "intercultural communication" are main part of modern developing society. Through rapidly development ofworld, culture is going to change in our daily life. This variation can be delivered about, including growth, progress, evolution, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, diffusion, modernization and transformation. Hereby, modernization could be appearanced as adoption ofbroadening era confidences and practices, such as science, industry, democracy, and the idea of progress. Intercultural communication is a form of communication that porposes to dispense information across various cultures and social groups. We can only be managed and reduced such conflict through intercultural communication. As well as, we can only interfacing with others by capably and peacefully who are separate from ourselves can our global village reside.
The article contains detailed information about the introduction to the concepts of culture, theoretical approach to the culture, communication, the role of culture in cummunication process, intercultural communication as tool of world community. The article can be considered as a useful resource for experts and researchers conducting research in this field.
Keywords: Culture, communication, colere, intercultural, values, beliefs, people, cross-cultural.
1. Understanding of culture
The word «culture» derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin «colere,» which means to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture. At the first centures, culture was cleared as the impact of man to the nature, the bringing into cultivation of land, in order as its replacement to get the best product. Ancient Roman orator Cisiron created "soul nutrition" concept or the term of "culture" where he used a philosophical category on the development of the spirit of the phrase belonging to agriculture. In his view, culture is a means to overcome various forms of barbarism and as the tool for the transformation of the man to the perfect citizen.
In Europe, the first time "culture", the term used by Scotland scientist A. Ferguson. According to him, culture covers after the period of savagery and barbarism in the the development of human society.
Philosophers of the Renaissance were looking at the culture as ideally, through the formation of a universal identity, comprehensive education, to educate, to influence science and art, power able to help strengthen the state. They also have suggested civilization such as the question that certain social structure which differ from barbarism.
Culture... includes all the characteristic activities and interests of people [1, P. 3]. We all belong to this or any other culture. Culture — is a collection of human knowledge, confidence and behavior in our conveyed to future generations. Culture — is the main social factor regulating the different areas of human relationships which covers from daily communication till activities of the global economy.
Culture is the unique whole, the heart and soul, that determines how a group of people will behave [9].
There are different approaches to the term of "culture". Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Culture appears to have become key in
our interconnected world, which is made up of so many ethnically diverse societies, but also riddled by conflicts associated with religion, ethnicity, ethical beliefs, and, essentially, the elements which make up culture," said De Rossi.
According to E. B. Taylor (1832- 1917), [3, P. 7] culture is only spiritual culture: knowledge, art, religion, legal and moral norms and etc. Taylor qeyd edirdi ki, madaniyyatda takca umumba^ari yox, ham da ayri- ayri xalqlar u^un spesifik olan dayarlar da vardir. Taylor noted that culture is not only cover the universal values, but also the values that are specific to individual nations.
Rikkert offers that culture to be seem as a source of values. He lists the following values: truth, beauty, divine holiness, spirituality, happiness, special holiness. Values creates the special world and a special kind of activity that seems some aspects of how the man understand the world spiritualy.
Vindelband noted that culture is the values world or the world where to feel your responsibility depending on the understanding of the world by the human. Values are in consciousness, their embodiment in the reality means the creation of any kind of welfare.
According to Shpengler, history is replacement of different closed cultures to each other. In this case, the existence of a single historical process is excluded. All culture devide the age periods: childhood. adolescence, youth and old age periods.
"In general, culture is beliefs, values, customs and traditions, tastes, in short meaning, everything was created by man-made!" (A. K. Kohen).
Culture consists of the derivatives of experiences, more or less organized, learned or created by the individulas of a population, including those images or encodements and their interpretations (meanings) transmitted from past generations, from contemporaries, or formed by individuals themselves [4, P. 17].
Section 5. Study of art
But, in fact, what is culture? We have to agree with the idea of the numerous researchers that culture is a purely social event, whether it is related to the activities of human life.
Culture preserves and transmits knowledges. Culture creates values and symbols. Culture focus to development and strengthening the social relations. Culture creates new requirements. Culture is investing to the economy. Culture helps cities. Culture is magical world of human. It is a method of self-knowledge and personal presence [8].
Culture has extension meaning and it is complex whole including knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits created by man who is a member of society where a group of people is related to each other through persistent relations, or a large social grouping sharing the scarce geographical or virtual territory, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations [2, P. 1205-17].
Given the above mentioned, culture is complex of a set of tangible and intangible assets getting by society throughout the history, as well as the ability of creating and using of them for the progress of humanity and transmitting of them the future generation.
2. The role of culture in communication
Culture informs communication. Culture brings understanding to communication through a common background of shared experiences and histories. Shared experiences over hundreds or even thousands of years create culture that contributes to understanding and communication.
Although people can communicate effectively with other cultures, they should make an effort to learn the culture as well as the language of the people they communicate with. Culture extend of communication, and this is why people usually understand those of resembling background best. As the universal shrinks, cultural understanding becomes more important.
As you communicate with people from different cultures, you learn more about them and their way of life, including their values, history, and habits and the substance of their personality [5, P. 5].
All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops over time. In friendship and romantic relationships, for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, rituals, habits, and customs that give that relationship a special character — a character that differentiates it in various ways from other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places, songs, or events that come to have a unique and important symbolic meaning for two individuals.
Groups also develop cultures, composed of the collection of rules, rituals, customs, and other characteristics that give an identity to the social unit. Where a group traditionally meets, whether meetings begin on time or not, what topics are discussed, how decisions are made, and how the group socializes are all elements of what, over time, become defining and differentiating elements of its culture.
The relationship between communication and culture is a very complex and intimate one. First, cultures are created through communication; that is, communication is the means of human interaction through which cultural characteristics — whether customs, roles, rules, rituals, laws, or other patterns — are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies, but rather that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction. In a sense, cultures are the "residue" of social communication.
Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible to preserve and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to another. One can say, therefore, that
culture is created, shaped, transmitted, and learned through communication. The reverse is also the case; that is, communication practices are largely created, shaped, and transmitted by culture.
3. Intercultural communication in international relations
By "intercultural communication" we mean communication between peoples of different cultures (as opposed to communication between official representatives of nations i. e., international communication) [6, P. 55].
Culture and communication have been defined and re-defined repeatedly, as they are concepts that are intimately linked with what is intrinsically human. According to the anthropological point of view, culture became consolidated with all of its ingredients when man first became visible and established interpersonal relationships with the divergent persons forming separate communities, where thus allowing for intercultural communication.
Multicultural or intercultural communication cannot be learned without intercultural understanding which is based on the knowledge of culture [7, P. 51].
Culture influences the ways in which people communicate as well as the strategies they use to communicate. The various life experiences people have based on cultural norms also expose the interpretation they have of messages conveyed by others.
Effective communication with people of different cultures is especially challenging. Cultures ensure people with ways of thinking — ways of seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world. Hereby the same words can refer to various things to people from miscellaneous cultures, when they talk the "same" language.
In such cases, an effective communication strategy begins with the understanding that the sender of the message and the receiver of the message are from different cultures and backgrounds.
Cross-cultural communication looks at how people, from differing cultural backgrounds, strive to communicate, although it is more frequently referred to as intercultural communication [10].
Through open and honest intercultural communication, people can work together to achieve goals that benefit everyone, regardless of group or culture, including the global community in the home, business, or neighborhood [5, P. 4].
Hereby, it is important to note that, intercultural communication is caused to strengthening of cultural links among people from different countries and help them to integrate to the world cultural environment.
Conclusion
Various cultures and their ingredients, diversity in communities and populations, main aspects of each person integrating msi-cellaneous cultures and varied interlingua settings proceed to be unknown scenarios. Although quite a few considerable studies and research have been followed up, culture in its various representations is unique to each instant, situation, group and individual.
Thus, it is clear that culture plays a major role when the theories of international relations explain and analyze international issues and problems. Experts and people who work in this field over time realized that it is impossible to learn international relations deeply only focusing on the military, political, economic, security as important factors. Therefore, there is special attention to the role of culture in international relations, in other words to intercultural communication, important aspect of social life has been involved in a systematic study. (Dahl, S. (2004). "Intercultural Research: The Current State of Knowledge". Middlesex University Business School Discussion Paper [11].
Research found that explanation of culture, the role of culture in communication process, how intercultural communication as a tool among world community.
References:
1. Brian Longhurst, Greg Smith, Gaynor Bagnall, Gary Crawford, Miles Ogborn, Elaine Baldwin, Scott McCracken, Introducing cultural studies, second edition, Edinburg, - 2008. - P. 3.
2. Elke U. Weber and Christopher Hsee, Cross-Cultural Differences in Risk Perception, but Cross-Cultural Similarities in Attitudes towards Perceived Risk, Management Science, - Vol. 44, - No. 9, - P. 1205-17, - 1998.
3. Edward Burnett Tylor, Primitive Culture - Scholar's Choice Edition, - 2015, - P. 7.
4. Avruch K., Culture & conflict resolution, Washington DC, - 1998, - P. 17.
5. James W. Neuliep, Intercultural Communication-A Contextual Approach, California, - 2009, - P. 4; 5.
6. Culture, communication and conflict - readings in intercultural relations, second edition, - New York, - 2000, - P. 55.
7. Samovar A., Richard E. Porter, Edwin R. McDaniel, Intercultural communication: A Reader, Thirteenth Edition, Washington, - 2012, -P. 51.
8. URL: https://www.culturepartnership.eu/az/publishing/course/lecture-2
9. URL: http://www.onepine.info/mcult.htm
10. URL: http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Cross-cultural_communication
11. URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=658202
