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25PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
CULTURAL BEHAVIOR EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH FOLK SONGS
Ngo Thi Thanh Quy,
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Minh Anh
Pupil
Faculty of Literature - University of Education - Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam
Abstract
Folk songs are always considered as sparkling pearls in the cultural treasure of the ethnicities, as time goes by, the pearl shines more and more day by day. Among the topics mentioned by folk songs, couple's love is a very popular topic and has many forms of display. Vietnamese folk songs are not only gorgeous by its lyrics or ideas of the folk, but also contain lessons about the behavirol culture of ancestors that have been passed down from generation to generation. Culture is like a quiet source of water, imbued in each folk song. The folk songs about couple's love are lessons in cultural behavior in folk songs and oriented for high school students to inherit and promote the beauties of traditional culture. The purpose of the article is to point out the cultural manifestations expressed in folk songs about love between couples. Studying cultural expressions expressed in love songs of couples and guiding the education of cultural values and the ways of behaving for young people.
Keywords: Education, high school students, behavioral culture, folk songs, traditional culture.
1. Introduction
Literature is a reflective mirror of culture. The method of studying literature from a cultural-educational perspective has increasingly received research attention and has attracted great attention to many researchers of languages, cultures and literature around the world. In the work of Aesthetics of creating words, author M.Bakhtin determined: "Literature is an integral part of culture. It cannot be understood apart from the intact circuit of the entire culture of the epoch in which it exists" [1, p. 329]. In Vietnam, the tendency to approach literature from culture has been studied scat-teredly throughout the twentieth century, Hoai Thanh with the point of view of East and West cultures to make judgments in "Vietnamese poets"; In 1985, with the work Understanding Nguyen Du's style in Tales of Kieu, Prof. Phan Ngoc also started from a cultural's viewpoint to evaluate the value of the work; In 1995, Prof. Tran Dinh Huu with works of Confucianism and Vietnamese literature in the middle and modern times; Prof. Tran Ngoc Vuong with the project: Confucianism and Vietnamese literature (1995); Prof. Tran Nho Thin in Vietnamese Medieval Literature from a Cultural Perspective (2003); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Ba Thanh with research: Vietnamese identity through literary exchange (2004), In addition, some authors in textbooks and monographs have considered folklore works as a cultural structure. , cultural symbols, texts of culture, they have made great contributions to the study of literature from a cultural point of view. Studying folklore in general and folk songs in particular from a cultural point of view will help us better understand the cultural values of the nation and how it reflects the unique cultural picture of our ancestors. Folk songs are one of the art forms that have the ability to cover and touch the deep underground of cultural life as well as the depth of people's thoughts, feelings and emotions. The study of folk songs gathered opinions towards the following issues:
(1). The research direction of poetic art and symbolism in folk songs includes authors with important articles such as: Bui Manh Nhi "Traditional formula and structural characteristics of folk songs - lyrical folk songs [2, 2]. NS. 21-26]; Pham Thu Yen, The worlds of folk art [3]; Nguyen Xuan Kinh, Poetry of folk songs [4]; Dang Dieu Trang, "Nature with the metaphorical and symbolic world in folk songs" [5, p. 15 - 23]; Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep, "The symbolic world of double waves in Vietnamese folk songs" [6, p. 53 - 58]; Ngo Thi Thanh Quy, "Reading and understanding language and images in Vietnamese folk songs " [7].
(2) The direction of studying folk songs from a cultural perspective has authors such as Ha Dan, "From the word "meaning " in folk songs, finding a behavior in the cultural tradition of the Vietnamese people" [8, p. 58]; Tran Thi Ngan Giang, "The meaning of the word "forbearance" in Vietnamese and the wordforbearance in the behavioral culture of Vietnamese people" [9, p. 71 - 74]; Nguyen Xuan Kinh, "Through proverbs and folk songs in Hanoi, learn about the construction of the country, preserving the national cultural identity" [10, p. 56 - 57); Nguyen Xuan Kinh, "The meaning of two words bamboo and mai in scholarly literature and in folk songs" [11, p. 22 - 29]; Pham Viet Long, Proverbs, folk songs reflecting Vietnamese customs and habits [12]; Tran Thuy Anh's treatise on Traditional behavior with nature and society of Vietnamese people in the Northern Delta through folk songs and proverbs [13].
(3). Research direction on the topic of couple's love in folk songs: On the topic of couple's love songs, theses, treatises, and new research articles refer to the common problem of couple's love and status. women, but have not yet delved into the art of behavior. The author Pham Danh Mon with the book "Love between couples in Vietnamese folk songs" [14], the article by Le Thi Tham: "The concept of a couple - a couple in Vietnamese folk songs about marriage and family family" [15], ... In addition, many authors can be mentioned to analyze specific folk songs: Nguyen Xuan Lac with
the song "Bridge the bib for the guy to come to play", Nguyen Xuan Duc with the song " Climbing the pomelo tree to pick flowers", Do Thi Kim Lien with the folk song "Slapping water at the top of the house ".. .(4). The research direction on the topic of folk songs and the issue of cultural education and behavior, fostering the souls of the young generation has been interested by authors such as: Nguyen Xuan Lac, "Folk literature with the cultivation of people's souls ethnicity for the young generation" [16]; Tran Kim Lien, "Contributing to preserving the national cultural identity in the teaching and learning of folklore in high schools" [17, p. 64 - 75]; Ta Dang Tuyen, "Proverbs and lullabies with the education of moral and human values" [18], Ngo Thi Thanh Quy, "Educating culture and behavior for high school students through folk songs and customs" Vietnamese language" [19]. Educating cultural behavior for high school students through folk songs will bring readers the values of cultural beauty, suggesting lessons about the culture of love behavior through folk songs.
2. Research methods
This newspaper uses interdisciplinary research methods: Literature - culture - education; survey and statistical methods: Survey and statistics of folk songs written on the topic of couple love; Methods of collecting and processing documents: Searching and summarizing documents related to the research.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Behavioral culture is the reaction, behavior and treatment of people in life, reaching the cultural standards of truth - goodness - beauty. It represents the life philosophy, way of thinking, level of education and awareness of each individual, broadly speaking, of an ethnic community, creating a unique identity for each individual and organization. Thereby, we can evaluate that society is civilized or backward. In his speech summarizing the "Decade of Culture" (1987-1997), Mr. De Cuellar, former Director General of UNESCO said: "Culture is a way of living and behaving together". Thus, the concept of behavioral culture is not separate from the concept of culture in general, more specifically, it is a very important part of the concept of culture.
Behavioral culture is revealed through forms such as philosophy, literature, art, especially in the genre of folklore. This is an indirect method of behavior. In this respect, behavioral culture is the experiences and lessons that are summed up in words and drawn from real life, mainly kept by word of mouth, in which folk songs are a form of culture. typical type. Folk songs are an element of culture. The expression of high culture is reflected in the behavior between people in the community. Vietnam's general education program reformed in 2018 sets out requirements for 5 qualities and 10 competencies: patriotism, compassion, hard work, honesty, responsibility and 10 competencies: self-discipline mastery and self-study, communication and cooperation skills, problem solving and creativity, language skills, computation, natural and social inquiry, technology, informatics, aesthetics, physical for high school students.
The education of behavioral culture for high school students helps create beauty in the behavior of
teachers and students towards the relationships between teachers and students, friends and the surrounding environment. Folk songs, especially love songs, are easy to understand and remember, so it will be an approachable and inspirational method for young people in educational activities. Couple love songs help students form a suitable and good behavior culture, help build a developed - civilized - polite country, help students confidently communicate when going out in the community. festival. Culture is always an acculturation process, both selecting new things and inheriting confirmed past values. The issue of building a school behavior culture plays an important role in education, orienting the quality and capabilities of young people in the future.
3.2. Manifestations of behavioral culture that need to be educated for young people through couple love songs
3.2.1. Cultural expression in love folk songs in the stage of love test.
Love between men and women is a category. rich, diverse and colorful, bearing many different emotions: sadness, joy, love, affection, sulk, etc. If we consider love as a green forest with fragrant flowers and sweet fruits, then confess love. is the seed, the sprout that starts the life for the forest. But how do you show your loved one to understand the feelings hidden in your heart for so long? Love always attracts people by those mysteries. Confession is sometimes direct, sometimes distant, roundabout, pushing, but all show the romantic nature and desire of the expresser. In particular, in the love confession lyrics, it is possible to see the active expression of both men and women.
Life is associated with agricultural activities, the conditions for love to flourish and associated with images of fields, plows, buffaloes, banyan trees, wells, bamboo ramparts, communal yards. Most of the young men and women in the past met on festive occasions, cult... However, the most common good and favorable occasion for them to meet was usually in the field work. Therefore, when they confess their feelings in verses and songs, those feelings are often associated with the image of fields and gardens.
3.2.2. Cultural expression in the melody of nostalgia in love songs
Nostalgia in love songs for couples
In the treasure of folk songs, as an inevitable rule of human psychology, love is always associated with nostalgia. Each loving heart has a very different way of expressing its heart and nostalgia. Each folk song is glittering like magical notes in the endless melody of love and life. Loving each other and then remembering, when the "pink silk cord" tied two strangers together, the sobbing heart vibrated with the beat of love. The wind is cool and the wind is cool behind/ Why do I miss such a stranger like this. Loving each other, people miss each other anytime, anywhere, regardless of space and time: Four seasons - springs-summer-autumn-winter / I sit and weave cloth and look forward to him / Green coconut on Tam Quan wharf / The more it costs the more I miss him. The pair of words indicating unlimited quantity very successfully describe the infinite
nostalgia of "I" when away from "he". In the feudal society, the weaker sex has no voice, no right to claim for their personal happiness. That's why when she misses her lover, a girl can only express her heart through folk songs that are full of faithfulness: Missing someone and crying silently / Two rows of tears pouring out like rain /Missing someone that is so bewildered /Missing who, who misses, who do i missing now? Expressive speech with trivial pronouns has become a very unique artistic unit in folk songs. Along with rhetorical questions and allegorys, the song is very subtle and successful in expressing the mood of longing, anxiety, and the desire for fidelity to turn the abstract into the concrete but full of subtlety and depth. . Once again we see the charm, delicate but very intelligent of the girl. Perhaps only love with intense and endless vibes can help folk artists create masterpieces that will last forever.
Cultural expression in love songs sometimes anger, blame
In the Vietnamese concept, beautiful love is the love associated with marriage. Love is wonderfully beautiful, but not all flowers and fruits bear fruit. The sufferings and hatreds of love are also bitter, imprinted in folk songs. Under the backward, antiquated feudal system and harsh teachings, many people's fates have been suffering and unhappiness because of forced marriage from the family, or the gap between rich and poor. A strong influence on the lives of couples in love is the concept of "registration for marriage", "where parents place their children", in which women are the characters who suffer the most. That's why the song lyrics yearning for a free love, unimpeded happiness was sung. That aspiration is rarely fulfilled in reality, so when it is raised, it becomes more and more inconsolable.
Cultural expression in love songs, couples sometimes wait and stay away.
Speech and way of speaking is one of the cultural expressions of the Vietnamese people. Vietnamese people often use indirect, roundabout speech rather than direct speech. This characteristic makes up a prominent culture through the way they speak, think, express their feelings and emotions: "Climbing the tree by picking flowers..." or "Climbing the star fruit tree for half a day..." is The system of songs shows the roundabout way of Vietnamese people. This way of saying is definitely different from the love way of foreigners: I love you as far as possible / The flame of love has not completely faded ... (Puskin)
Maybe it is only when we love each other that we have to be seperated for whatever reason, the more nostalgia burns, sometimes even carries the breath of suffering. In the old society, they were helpless and could only cry: Who split the moon in two parts / The bare road was drawn up and down /Let's take a step to the road / Green grass two rows of vermilion. In the past, boys and girls loved each other in the restraint of feudal rites, they were not free to love, not free to choose. It is the obstacles of society that make love in folk songs more romantic, passionate and intense. The love song is the song of birds that want to come to their mates but are locked in a cage, in a cage, so it's so tender, so deep and so passionate - that's the voice of lovers. together.
The soul of Vietnamese women is as bright as a pearl that has shone in the flow of history and has been imprinted in national poetry for generations. That noble sentiment of the woman of the South was expressed beautifully and touchingly in the national folk songs. The folk song: Will the boat miss the wharf? / The wharf, a steadfast desire to wait for the boat has been anchored in the hearts of generations of Vietnamese people from time immemorial, deeply expressing the nostalgia for waiting, the unwavering heart. common of a gentle wife to her beloved husband has not returned. The song also expresses faith and hope that one day, the boat will return to the wharf, the wharf will meet the boat again, the husband and wife will be reunited happily and happily.
Cultural expression in love songs, couples sometimes swear and make promises\
Therefore love is the sacred and natural stage of human beings, so in any era, love is always an endless topic for literary works. Vietnam has been an agricultural country since ancient times. With a soft S-shaped shape curving along the Pacific coast, with interesting natural scenes such as grass and flowers, mountains and deep rivers, green bamboo ramparts, golden rice fields, etc. In harmony with the sentiment and history of the nation, the homeland of Vietnam has a very rich popular or scholarly literature full of sincere drawings mixed with subtle and profound points. In that diverse sentiment of the nation, the love between men and women has risen like petals in the garden of life, creating many love poems and romantic oral poems.
As a rule of affection, the vows of fidelity are taken when the couple feels attached enough to share and love each other. When they take vows, they often borrow heaven and earth as a witness to their faithful hearts: A pledge has been made/The earth is below, there is heaven above/Even though the moon and stars might change /Death and life, keep it the words has been made. The common psychology of people in love is the desire to keep love immortal. Ancient folk songs carry that spirit of humanity. The ultimate goal that the vows aim at is the desire for a faithful love, a glued bond, a lasting bond between loving hearts.
3.2. Cultural expression in the love song of the couple - "spicy and salty ginger"
The sweet fruit of true love is a happy family home. Two souls that seem to be strangers but become one. They cultivate their own happiness, the happiness of others and spread it to the community. However, not all marriages are harmonious. Therefore, in the lyrical songs about the husband and wife relationship, two main themes stand out: the love song and the wife's mourning song.
The folk song praising happy marriages is praising the loving and affectionate behavior between husband and wife in a life in harmony with nature and labor. A picture of a loving husband and wife relationship, in which the wife takes care of her husband with her sincere and simple heart: Loving her husband cooking porridge le le / Cooking pumpkin's flower soup with lotus seed tea or Shrimp beard cooked with calabash intestines /Husband share with the wife then slurp and nods
due to its delicious. The folk lyric poetry shows the simple lifestyle and sincere feelings of the peasants of the agricultural society. The folk song praising a happy family reflects the folk author's conception: the love between husband and wife is strong, happy and cheerful will help them overcome all difficulties in life. Husband and wife need understanding, sharing and optimism so that there is no shortage of laughter when meals and sleep are lacking. The family atmosphere will always be warm and happy if family members know how to share small joys in poor circumstances. The above concept is consistent with the virtues and qualities of Vietnamese people and a society with a purely agricultural economy. That concept is valid to this day, because the family is the cell of society. A good, cultured society is created by happy families.
From the love song of husband and wife, we can see that a noble quality of Vietnamese women emerges, which is the sacrifice for the family. Vietnamese women, in any situation, always put their husbands and children more important than themselves. As wives, they know how to be patient, take care, and nurture their families without thinking about their own interests. Women not only take care of their husbands, but also raise children and take good care of their husband's family. Is that why the Vietnamese have long since concluded that "Men build houses, women build nests"? Women in the feudal society must "three obediences, four virtues", must always live exemplary, meet the standards of public - tolerance - language - conduct, accept to follow her husband in any circumstances.
4. Educating on behavior culture for high school students through folk songs
Folk songs are not only emotional songs of the working people, but also a treasure of knowledge of applied cultural features. behave well in life. Today, with innovations and rapid development, young people seem to forget that the lessons on the culture of love behavior are still valid in the 4.0 era. Because folk songs are a collection of experiences from his father's life. Because at any time, the law of love remains unchanged: find -understand - believe - love. Because in any form, men and women coming together still experience the ups and downs of love. The lessons on behavioral culture in love folk songs are valid to this day, so educating those lessons for the younger generation is extremely necessary. But teaching is a profession that always requires creativity, so to meet the needs of innovation and improve the quality of education, teachers need to find new, better and creative teaching methods. than. Therefore, in addition to traditional teaching methods, the design of thematic teaching lessons associated with folk songs and proverbs will help students become more interested in learning, giving them a better learning method. What's new today is self-study, self-exploration, self-creation and expressing their own opinions. Theme-based learning is a teaching model in which the learning content is built into topics of practical significance and demonstrates interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary relationships so that students can develop. ideas holistically. This model optimizes and contributes to solving outstanding problems in the current curricu-
lum content such as: contributing to promoting the ac-tiveness of students in the learning process, enhancing the orientation of learning capacity development. students through applying knowledge to solve practical problems, along with helping students reduce boredom and pressure due to duplication of knowledge when learning and towards restructuring existing knowledge units. relational, more general help students grasp the nature of knowledge after learning. At the same time, folk songs and proverbs are private properties, inherent in the Vietnamese ethnic community, if they know how to use them usefully, they will enrich their language capital, help preserve and promote traditional values. traditions of the nation, bringing them closer to friends in the world.
5. Conclusion
Vietnamese folk songs reflect aspects of social life with rich and diverse contents expressed by the typical methods of folk songs. The folk songs have shown that Vietnamese customs and traditions have their own unique features with sustainable traditions in addition to the common features of the inhabitants of Southeast Asia. One of the most described content by folk folklore is the love of a couple, which has been passed down by folklore from generation to generation on different levels and ways of acculturation, making people deeply engrave. In a couple's love, people always have the need to express their feelings and behave with different nuances. The folk songs have reflected a process in the feelings of the ancients: find - understand - believe - love. Through the stages of auditioning, they came together in "thicky love" relationships. They made a vow to each other, "Even if we are far apart, it will take three million and nine thousand days to be far away". That is the beauty of a country with a "loving" and "loving" culture. Folklore reflects the soul of the working people, folk songs are a cool stream that nourishes the human soul. Each of us is exposed to folklore from a very young age through our mother's lullaby, through her fairy tales, through childhood rhymes... Songs are not words. Moral lectures are dry but are valuable spiritual medicine for today's young generation, right from the time they are sitting in school, they can feel and discover the traditional values of their ancestors to cherish. respect, believe in love and life. Generations of Vietnamese people have grown up, lived and loved, proud in love thanks to those folk songs. The folk songs are worthy of being "the quintessence of ancient Vietnam" that need to be transmitted orthodoxly in school literature. Understanding the behavior culture of love in folk songs helps us to understand more deeply about the Vietnamese soul to live a worthy life. Distilling in that content we see that: in love they are always very faithful, before and after as one; sometimes hesitant, shy, but also intense, exhilarating, earnest; love in folk songs also does not accept selfishness, falsehood, is pure and bright love. Even though it is love in pain, in misfortune they always struggle to reach the goal: to be free to choose, to be loved by heart. Loyalty - that is the truth of love in folk songs and in any era, because the nature of love is not shared. The feelings in the folk song will help us see ourselves, about the love of life so that happiness is ripe in our hands.
Folk songs have a particularly important position in moral education and human personality. Educating students in behavioral skills is a very necessary task in social integration. From studying the theoretical and practical basis of the topic, we realize that educating students on behavioral culture and lifestyle through folk songs and proverbs is a very necessary and practical job. high in practice. At the same time, in order to achieve the highest results in teaching folk songs and proverbs in high schools, it is necessary to pay attention to the perception of students so that they can have a deeper insight into reality themselves.
Nowadays, modern life with economic pressures is trampling on moral values. How can those traditional values not be lost? How do young people properly perceive the meaning of love and life, how to behave in love as well as in marriage and family life? Although the topic is meaningful to use as a reference for the study of folklore, from a certain perspective on society and culture, we hope to make specific positive contributions to preserving and promoting and enhance the traditional beauty of the nation. High school students are at the age of adulthood and adulthood, so in addition to scientific knowledge education, behavioral culture education plays an important role in the formation and development of personality. Educating behavior culture through lessons from love folk songs not only contributes to preserving and developing traditional moral values, but also perfecting personality, overcoming mistakes and limitations in life. relationships with teachers, friends in life.
References
1. Tran Thuy Anh, Traditional behavior with nature and society of Vietnamese people in the Northern Delta through folk songs and proverbs, Lao Dong Publishing House, 2011
2. Ha Dan, "From the word "meaning" in folk songs, finding a behavior in the cultural tradition of Vietnamese people", Language Magazine(12), 2006, 58p.
3. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep, "The symbolic world of double waves in Vietnamese folk songs", Folklore Magazine (3), Hanoi, 2011, 53 - 58pp.
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6. Nguyen Xuan Kinh, "The meaning of two words bamboo and mai in scholarly literature and in folk songs", Folklore culture (4), 1987, 22-29pp.
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14. Ngo Thi Thanh Quy, Reading comprehension of languages, images in Vietnamese folk songs, Journal of Literary Research, 2020.
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19. Pham Thu Yen, The worlds of folk art, Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 1988
MONDAY OR FRIDAY? UNDERSTANDING TIME THROUGH SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
Rommel A.
PhD student - Linguistics Faculty of Eotvos Lorand University
Abstract
The question of how people are able to think and talk about abstract concepts, such as time and love, has been a subject of interest among linguists for decades. Some views maintain the stance that the abstract domain can be understood through the concrete, or physical, domain (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). For instance, studies conducted by Boroditsky and Ramscar (2002) demonstrated that English participants understood the abstract concept of time through the experience-based domain of space. Moreover, they understood that these two domains are so tightly correlated, that whilst experiencing basic spatial activities, people subconsciously changed the way they thought about time. This experiment was later replicated with Russian speakers (Chugunova, 2009), which was possible as there is ambiguity surrounding the word "forward" in both the English and Russian languages. However, the
