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Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики - 2015. Том 2
UDK 004.93
CREATION OF PRINCIPLES AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
CLOSED ECOSYSTEM
A. (A.) Smirnov Scientific supervisor - A. (A.) Tikhomirov Foreign language supervisor - O. (V.) Maslova
Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University 31, Krasnoyarsky Rabochy Av., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation
Large scale research and experiments conducting is not effective. Computer simulation is not possible at this stage because of lack of data. Small model systems are used for these purposes. One of them is called growth chamber and is used for cultivation ofplants in a closed environment. The small size of such a facility enables to conduct an experiment much faster. Possibility of automation of such a facility is considered. It is necessary to increase the accuracy of measurements and to reduce the impact of human factors on the course of the experiment.
Keywords: automation, life support system, experimental data, growth chamber, artificial ecosystem,
model.
СОЗДАНИЕ ПРИНЦИПОВ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СРЕДЫ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ
ЗАМКНУТОЙ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ
А. А. Смирнов Научный руководитель - А. А. Тихомиров Руководитель по иностранному языку - О. В. Маслова
Сибирский государственный аэрокосмический университет имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева
Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
Проведение исследований и экспериментов в больших масштабах не рентабельно. Компьютерное моделирование на данном этапе невозможно по причине недостатка данных. Для этого существуют меньше модели установок. Одна из них, называемая вегетационная камера, используется для культивирования растений в замкнутой среде. Малый размер такой установки позволяет провести эксперимент существенно быстрее. В данной работе рассмотрена возможность автоматизации такой установки. Это необходимо для увеличения точности измерений и снижения влияния человеческого фактора на ход эксперимента.
Ключевые слова: автоматизация, система жизнеобеспечения, экспериментальные данные, вегетационная камера, искусственная экосистема, модель.
Creating a system of life support has always been a relevant issue. Since ancient times people have always sought possibilities to penetrate there where their survival without special tools was not problematic. For example the South Pole and North Pole are the tops of the highest mountains and the depths of the seas. With attempts to explore space it became necessary to ensure human activity outside the planet's atmosphere.
Beginning with 50 years of XX century there were researches in the field of life support systems. Among the most notable BIOS and the Biosphere II can be mentioned. These systems are very different in many aspects. They are supposed to ensure maintenance of human life and reproduce themselves. They were full-size models for testing different theories and assumptions. Such systems are very expensive to maintain and operate. Smaller models are much less expensive and allow getting the required result and carrying out experiments quickly because they are much smaller.
Секция «Актуальные на учные проблемы в мире (глазами молодых исследователей)»
At the moment the space vehicles use mixed types of life-support systems. They dominate the phys-icochemical system. They are systems functioning up on supplies that are delivered from outside. For long-term missions and settlements of extraterrestrial other approaches to the implementation of closed lifesupport systems are required. The most promising are biological systems.
There are models of such systems and they are being used long enough. In this work a device known as a growth chamber is supposed to be used. In it experiments to create a closed ecosystem will be conducted.
In this work the author plans to create sealed object. Some number of sensors that will register environment parameters and implement its timely adjustment and will be connected to it. It is planned that human intervention is kept to a minimum.
Automated control system of environmental parameters is to maintain the performance at a desired level. It must provide functioning of the system as a simplified model of the natural ecosystem. This experimental ecosystem is used to learn more about mechanisms that are the basis for the creation of an artificial ecosystem. And it will help in the creation of life support systems space appointment in future.
References
1. Ganzer B. ErnstMesserschmid. Integration of an algal photobioreactor into an environmental control and life support system of a space station, Institute of space systems, Universitaet Stuttgart, Germany. Acta Astronautica 65 (248-261) 2009.
2. Kitaya Y., Tsuruyama J., Shibuya T., Yoshida M. and Kiyota M. Effects of air current speed on gas exchange in plant leaves and plant canopies. Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
3. Lanfang H. Levine , Hirokazu Kasahara, Joachim Kopka, Alexander Erban, Ines Fehrl, Fatma Kaplan, Wei Zhao, Ramon C. Littell, Charles Guy, Raymond Wheeler, John Sager, Aaron Mills, Howard G. Levine. Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide. Advances in Space Research 42 (1917-1928) 2008.
4. James P. B., Hansen G. B., Titus T. N. The carbon dioxide cycle. Advances in Space Research 35 (14-20)2005.
5. Gitelson J. I., Tirranen L. S., Borodina E. V., Rygalov V. Ye. Impaired growth of plants cultivated in a closed system: possible reasons, Adv. Space Res. 1997. Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 1927-1930.
© Smirnov A. (A.), 2015
