8Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-12-882-885
CREATING A CULTURE THROUGH SOCIAL COMPETENCIES IN PRESCHOOL OLDER CHILDREN
Sarvinoz Esonova
Department of Preschool Education, Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and
Pedagogy
ABSTRACT
The importance of curiosity in the development of child psychology is that the child tries to know as deeply as possible what he is interested in. So, they would only resort to this as a last resort. This, in turn, helps to develop and strengthen important mental processes, such as the child's attention and will. Children's early interest in a field plays a role in preparing them for the future. This article reflects the mental processes and emotional states of the child, which continue in preschool age.
Keywords: child, kindergarten, psyche, psychology, age, emotional environment, restriction, punishment, reward, motivation, interest, ability, fear, communication problems, attitude, play, neurological difficulties.
INTRODUCTION
Preschool is a period when a child is actively exploring the world around him. Preschoolers have their own psychological developmental characteristics. When he starts to walk, the child makes a lot of discoveries, gets acquainted with things in the room, on the street, in the kindergarten. Collecting different things, studying them, listening to the sounds coming from the subject, knows what qualities and characteristics this object has. At the age of 5-6, the child, like a sponge, asked for all the information. Scientists have proven that at this young age a child can remember this information, after which he will never remember it in life. It is a time when a child is interested in anything that can expand their horizons, and it supports the world around them.
Emotional environment. In general, preschoolers are characterized by a sense of calm. They do not have contradictions and strong affective epizootics for small reasons. However, this does not mean that the saturation of a child's emotional life decreases. After all, the day of the preschooler is full of a lot of emotions, so in the evening the child comes tired and completely exhausted.
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-12-882-885
During this period, the structure of emotional processes also changes. In the past, motor and autonomic reactions were incorporated into emotional processes that were preserved in preschool children, but the external expression of emotions takes a more limited form. School children are not only happy with what they are doing today, but also happy with what they will do in the future.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Everything related to the precedent - painting, playing, making molds, helping mom, doing housework - should have a bright emotional color, otherwise things will fall apart quickly or not at all. Because a child of this age cannot do something that is not interesting to him. Children's early interest in a field plays a role in preparing them for the future. Motivational sphere. Obedience to goals is the most important personal mechanism formed during this period. Preschool age is a period in which the submission of intentions occurs spontaneously and then develops consistently. If a child demands more than one wish at a time, for him it is almost unresolved (it was difficult to make a decision). Over time, the preschooler will have different importance and power and can easily make decisions based on choice. Over time, the child learns to suppress his intentions and does not respond to temptations because he has strong intentions that serve as "limiters". The strongest reason for school students is reward, encouragement. A weaker reason is punishment, but a child's promise is usually a weaker reason. It is useless and harmful for children to make promises, because children do not keep their promises in a few cases, and a number of unfulfilled oaths and guarantees develop negligence and obligation in the child. The weakest thing is that nothing is explicitly forbidden, especially if it is not reinforced for additional reasons that are prohibited. During this period, the child learns the moral norms accepted in society, learns to evaluate behavior, taking into account the norms of morality, their behavior corresponds to these norms. The child has a moral experience. First, the child evaluates other people's behaviors, such as literary heroes or other children, because their actions have not yet been evaluated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this century, the attitude of preschool educators towards others and themselves is an important indicator. Preschoolers often criticize their shortcomings, give personal characteristics to their peers, note the relationship between children and adults, as well as the relationship between adults and adults. However, parents can be
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-12-882-885
an example to their children. Therefore, parents should include positive information to the child, whether personal or intellectual information, so that it does not cause fear, anxiety and insult to the child.
The psychology of the preschooler is at an early stage. He begins to take an interest in the world around him, asking many questions. Development affects memory, intelligence, the neuropsychic side, latent talents. If parents are able to learn the characteristics of mental development crumbs, then they can establish harmony in the family, raise the baby properly. The little play form learns the norms of social behavior, communicates with others. He wants to get away from adults, creating a situation in which he acts as the master of events that happen in the beginning. However, in real life he cannot fully participate in adulthood, it is enough mental, intellectual, physical development ... The role play that appeals to the child to feel important, in which he builds a certain plot , conditions:
• repeated after adults;
• imagine a situation where toys act as real things;
• the truth is symbolic;
• The game involves following the established rules and prohibitions.
This condition promotes psychological health, emotional and intellectual development. Several psychological characteristics are characteristic of preschool children: the ability to solve pictorial problems; the ability to use mental processes intentionally, to control, to control the reaction to the surrounding situation, to evaluate it, to predict; forming self-esteem; active formation of the speech apparatus; conscious perception of established behavior and social norms; The educational process in preparation for the psychological level in school. Problems in the mental development of a preschool child. Despite the desire to explore the world, over-activity, curiosity, difficulties may arise in the path of mental development: underdeveloped thinking (lack of attention, problems with comprehension of educational material); personal and emotional difficulties (stress, anxiety, fear, passivity); behavioral problems (aggression, secrecy, malice, anger); communication problems (excessive emotionality, a sense of superiority, isolation); neurological difficulties (insomnia, constant weakness, laziness).
CONCLUSION
The more attention is paid to the physical development of children in kindergarten, the more attention is paid to their mental and intellectual development.
Academic Research in Educational Sciences VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 12 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-12-882-885
Children's perception, attention, imagination, memory, imagination and thinking, willpower are systematically developed in the educational activities with children, which are always planned for school attendance.
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