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124 East European Scientific Journal #3(67), 2021 ...av,...,..
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
Mukhammadiyeva M.D.
2styear Master's Degree Student of Journalism and Mass Communications University of Uzbekistan
COVERAGE OF LARGE-SCALE REFORMS CARRIED OUT IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE PRESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND EXISTING PROBLEMS IN THIS AREA
Abstract. This article outlines the goals of political parties' rapprochement with the press, the types of media, and their classification. Based on theoretical data the coverage of large-scale reforms in Uzbekistan in the press of political parties by comparing the newspapers of the two parties published on a particular date is examined. The content, number and share of articles reporting on changes in political, socio-economic life in the paged of newspapers are analyzed. The existing problems of party publications in the subject matter and the reasons for them are scanned.
Keywords: mediatization, weekly newspapers, content, political article, journalistic inquiry, party propaganda agencies, private media, government media;
Many political parties have their own media to communicate with their members, supporters and the general public. The media of political parties are divided into one of the following "three categories"1. One of them is "party propaganda agencies", which are mainly distributed to party members, but can also be used to inform the general public. Party propaganda is usually not subject to media regulation. The second type is ordinary private media that belongs to a party, one of its leaders, or prominent members. Private media are often governed by the media and electoral law. Regardless of who owns private media, they must comply with applicable standards or regulations. The third type is government media, in which the party and the government work together. In this case, state-funded media outlets are expected to meet the same standards as any other media outlet. The process of mediation of political parties is based on different interests and needs. The organizational, legal, sociopolitical aspects of the activities of the press of political parties are analyzed differently according to the above considerations. What are the reasons why political parties have become so close to the media and even adapted to the media? Although there are many questions, to date, mediation remains a concept used for routine research, and mediation processes have not been studied largely. In the course of our scientific research, our goal is to study theoretically the process of mediation in the example of political parties in Western democracies. Although there are many types of political activities, we focus on political parties because they are the most central political subjects of democracies. Because of this key role, political parties have received a great deal of attention in the political science literature. However, there is very little scientific research and conclusions about how
1 https ://aceproject. org/ace-en/topics
2 http://www.museum.tv "Political processes and television". Lynda Lee Kaid.
3 Schrott A (2009) Dimensions: Catch-all label or
technical term. In: Lundby K (ed.) Mediatization:
mediation has affected their activities and central state. First, policy mediation is defined as a long-term process that leads to the media becoming increasingly independent of politics and politicians and political institutions becoming increasingly dependent on the media. Accordingly, the power of the press can be seen in the political election process. For example, The Sun, News of the World, The Times, and The Sunday Times, owned by media mogul Rupert Murdoch, called on people to vote for the Labor Party in the 2005 election. According to media producer Tony Schwartz, "political parties used to act as a bridge between a political candidate and an audience. Today, ABC, NBC, and CBS have become political parties"2.
When we reflect on the history of the formation and development of the press, we have mentioned that the press has operated at all times, especially under authoritarian pressure. The main assumption in the mediation literature is that the media and politics form two separate systems, albeit interdependent, based on different logics. The media is becoming increasingly independent of politics, and they are increasingly following their own logic. As a result, it encourages political actors to conform to that logic, not to what can be called party logic. According to Schrott, "the core of mediation is the mechanism of institutionalizing media logic in other social subsystems. In these subsystems, the media competes with the guidelines set by logic and influences the actions of individuals."3 Meyer argues that "a similar policy leads to a colonial process that leads to an almost unconditional surrender to the logic of the media system."4 "Media is also a broad concept, for example, there are many differences between mobile phones and newspapers. In addition, the theory of policy mediation is generally focused on the media, not all media outlets."5 The party faction was also
Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 41-62.
4 Meyer T (2002) Media Democracy: How the Media Colonize Politics. Cambridge: Polity.
5 Lundby K (2009) Media logic: Looking for social interaction. In: Lundby K (ed.) Mediatization:
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interested in establishing cooperation with the media, including the press, in order to further strengthen public relations. Unlike an authoritarian regime, it is undeniable that as the inviolability of freedom of speech has increased, political parties have also begun to approach the media to gain some control over any rumors and critical messages circulating around their activities. Moreover, "political parties and the government are also interested in the media service to widely promote election programs, to reach out to the public and to partially control the dissemination of information about party activities"6. Over time, both the political situation and attitudes have changed, and "from the first years of independence of Uzbekistan, the party's monopoly on journalism has ended"7. As a result, both the press and television have become more objective. The main purpose of the establishment of the press of political parties is to get closer to the public. It is no exaggeration to say that regular media coverage of the activities of government bodies is a step towards building a democratic state and civil society. Indeed, one of the main features of a democratic state based on the rule of law and civil society is the achievement of transparency in the activities of government agencies. The media is instrumental in ensuring transparency. Parties rely on factions to interact with the public. The law stipulates that deputies meet with voters and report to them. That is the opportunity and, if it is possible, the obligation, of the party members to take full advantage of this opportunity. As a representative elected by the people, the goal and task of political parties is to penetrate into the people, to gain their respect and trust. Only by gaining trust, can one spread one's ideas and goals and inculcate them in the minds of the people. Public relations of party factions in parliament takes place mainly during the advocacy phase of the laws. The campaign consists of three stages, including events such as conferences, seminars, roundtables, and, as a result, media coverage of these events and MPs' meetings with voters. The Voice of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston ovozi), a spokesperson for the People's Democratic Party (Xalq demokratik partiyasi), is published three times a week in Uzbek. The central publication of the Social Democratic Party "Adolat", the newspaper "Adolat" has been published once a week since February 22, 1995. The newspaper "XXI Century (XXI asr)" has been covering the activities of the Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston liberal demokratik partiyasi) since January 1, 2004. The role of the party press is not limited to covering party activities. It also provides clients with information on changes in the country' s socio-political and cultural spheres. To find out what the content of these publications is today, you can analyze several of the weekly publications. For example, the publication of the Social Democratic Party "Adolat" in the socio-political newspaper
Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 101-119.
6 Peter Van Aelst. Jesper Strômbâck. Why political
parties adapt to the media: Exploring the fourth
East European Scientific Journal #3(67), 2021 5 "Adolat", published on June 19, 2020, under 18 columns, contained articles of various contents. The front pages contain materials covering the party's activities. Members of the working group visited the Republic of Karakalpakstan on June 3 to study the implementation of the tasks set in the video conference on "Poverty Reduction". Details of the visit are described in a political article entitled "Members of the Working Group in Karakalpakstan." Another article was published on the visit of deputies to Samarkand region and a numerical analysis of the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is one of the current issues today. This article is published under the headline: "Are disinfection corridors for exhibition?" Details of the meeting of MP Mahfurat Khushvaktova with residents of Chandir Farm of Mirishkor district were published in the article "Issues will be resolved in time". On the third page of the newspaper there are social articles about "Praiseworthy deeds" of the deputy group of the Social Democratic Party "Adolat" in Surkhandarya regional council, "Initiatives of deputies elected to the Jambay district Council of People's Deputies", "Season of renewal in Chirchik". published. On the fourth page of the newspaper, Narimon Umarov, Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Chamber and Chairman of the Political Council of the Social Democratic Party "Adolat" commented on the consequences of "If the guardians of justice are unfair". As part of the donation campaign, "548 volunteers donated 138.3 liters of blood," and in the column "Punishment for the crime is inevitable", "I regret what I did or what most criminals have to say in court". Another article is about Sharofiddin Kurbanov's generosity. The fifth page of the newspaper is called "We and the World". The page contains world news, news about the life of the customs system and an article on the education system in Uzbekistan entitled "Science needs knowledge, not privileges". The "Last Page" contains an article on cultural life entitled "Problem Solving". There were also articles entitled "You have a life without a steering wheel", and "The right to education is guaranteed in a pandemic". Finally, in the "Good to know" section, the content of legal information explains the procedure for issuing student loans. The column of contemplation contains examples from the aphorisms of great personalities.
Large part of the 19th issue of the socio-political newspaper "XXI Century", published on June 28, 2020, covers the activities of the party. From the front pages, party members commented, "Freedom is only when the law takes precedence over passions," "Privileges are created for families with many children", and "If science is supported". In addition, the details of the visit of the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis to Bukhara and Khorezm were reported. Under the heading "Reform" there is a social article based on the numbers "The day has come when the sun
dimension of mediatization. International Communication Gazette75(4). June 2013. P342. 7 http://shosh.uz/Toshkent-gazetalari-tarihi/
6 East European Scientific Journal #3(67), 2021 will shine on the shoulders of the cocoons as well". There are also articles on party life entitled "It is difficult to get rid of poverty easily", "Let the party work", "Voter, no, if the deputy goes". The "Alarm Bell" page discusses the concept of agricultural development in our country, "The soil needs love, not anger". There was also a journalistic inquiry into why the industrial zone was unpopular with industrialists. The eighth page of the newspaper predicts whether the world oil market will be balanced or not. The XXI Century (XXI Asr) newspaper publishes a weekly column entitled "21st Century Answers" to provide legal advice to those in need. The 19th issue of the newspaper answered the questions of the hostage. The "Activity" page published an invitation to Javlon Hamdamov to participate in the German International Congress, and the article "The Charm of Uzbek Love" criticized the level of advertising published today. A May 14 issue of the newspaper re-examined a journalistic inquiry into the fact that a citizen's father's house had been rented for eight years, even though it was legally his property. The newspaper also quoted aphorisms on the subject in order to teach its customers "Business Secrets". The last page is devoted to the article on the life and work of Haji Abdulaziz Abdurasulov. The analysis shows that most of the content of the socio-political newspapers of the two parties studied above consists of political news about the life of the party. The socio-political newspaper "Adolat" published 14 articles in its June 19 issue. Of these, 10 (71%) are articles on party activities. In addition, articles on social issues related to 1 field of education, 1 traffic on the roads make up 14% of the newspaper's content. There are 2 articles (14%) on topics related to crime and its prevention. Aphorisms, legal information and brief world news are not included in the above. The content of the newspaper "XXI Century" in the June 18, 19 issue contains 16 articles. 10 of them (62%) are political articles covering the activities of the party and reporting on the implementation of decrees. In addition, one (6%) scientific article on the development of the agricultural sector in Uzbekistan, 1 (6%) article criticizing the shortcomings in the field of advertising and marketing, 1 (6%) on cultural and educational issues, devoted to the world economic situation. 1 article (6%) was processed. The remaining two articles (12%) were journalistic inquiries aimed at protecting the rights of
citizens. Except for small advertisements and aphorisms from the pages of newspapers.
The analysis of the large-scale reforms and developments in Uzbekistan in the party's press shows that there are enough gaps in this area. The party's press pages have a single template: "Decisions have been made...", "Enforcement of decisions has been checked", "Money has been allocated", "Working group has been set up". An invisible chain of support for party members' decisions and decrees, and the party's press supporting deputies, is a major problem in this area. "Political parties and relevant public opinion should have less influence on what issues the media and the press choose, as well as their relative position"8. Given that "the media plays an important role in influencing the style and process of coverage of political companies"9, party members need to make effective use of the press to serve the public. Political parties are interested in the reforms and their promotion in the interests of the people in our country. Accordingly, as an important part of the process of deepening reforms, more attention should be paid to the promotion of political parties through the media. As defenders of the people's interests, it is necessary to ensure that they are aware of the ongoing reforms and create opportunities for them to react.
References:
1. "Adolat". Sharq. T.: 2020.07.19 №18
2. "XXI asr". Sharq. T.: 2020.07.18 №19
3. Peter Van Aelst. Jesper Stromback. Why political parties adapt to the media: Exploring the fourth dimension of mediatization. International Communication Gazette75(4). June 2013.
4. Phil Harris. Andrew Lock. Do political parties and the press influence the public agenda? Journal of political marketing. October 2006.
5. Schrott A (2009) Dimensions: Catch-all label or technical term. In: Lundby K (ed.) Mediatization:
6. Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 41-62.
7. Meyer T (2002) Media Democracy: How the Media Colonize Politics. Cambridge: Polity.
8. Lundby K (2009) Media logic: Looking for social interaction. In: Lundby K (ed.) Mediatization:
9. Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 101-119.
10. http://shosh.uz/Toshkent-gazetalari-tarihi/
11. https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics
8 Phil Harris. Andrew Lock. Do political parties and the press influence the public agenda? Journal of political
marketing. October 2006. P4.
9 Phil Harris. Andrew Lock. Do political parties and the press influence the public agenda? Journal of political marketing. October 2006. P4.
