CC BY
8V.M. Zhelyh, Ph.D., Assoc.;
A.I. Dzeryn, assistant;
Y.V. Furdas, Ph.D., assistant
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINED HEATING AGRICULTURAL
SYSTEMS
"LvivPolytechnic", Ukraine
Abstract. Established feasibility of implementing combined heat supply systems for piggeries with shops and sow pigs. Recommended use bioreactors for recycling organic waste and getting alternative energy - biogas. Defined technical and economic performance of conventional and combined heating systems.
The research results are presented in tabular form.
Key Words: combined heating, infrared heater, bioreactor, biogas, heating pad, heating pad.
The relevance of the work. Currently, Ukraine is a country that is partly provided by traditional forms of energy and had a large part of it imported. This leads to an increase in the price of the original products, both in industry and in agriculture.
The bulk of the energy consumed for heating farm buildings and maintenance processes.
The wide use today came of air and water heating. However, these systems do not effectively provide the necessary temperature settings area being animals. Thus, the application of modern agricultural techniques heating systems, such as the use of combined heating systems are highly relevant practical goal.
The aims and objectives of the study. Make a comparison of traditional and energy efficient heating systems of agricultural systems. Determine the feasibility of comparative figures.
Policy research and analysis. Research conducted for piggeries size 77h14 m with traditional and innovative energy saving technologies which are based was the use of combined systems and biogas plants. In this room there are 96 shops in size 2,1 x2,3 m each of which provides a combined heating system. For that used background heating indoor air pigsty heating combined with tidal mechanical ventilation. Temperature is maintained within the system 16 - 180C.
Local heating zone being sows was provided heating pad, and the temperature in this zone is within 16 - 200C. Temperature range area stay piglets was 22 - 300C and was provided with a heating mat and infrared heater.
An important issue is energy efficient use of biogas as a product of anaerobic fermentation of organic agricultural waste. Biogas plants make it possible to largely offset the demand for natural gas for heating agricultural systems.
Biogas plant is the design of the tank with equipment for the production of biogas. To the main equipment of biogas plants include: bioreactor, a collection substrate gasholder (vehicle accumulation of biogas), heat exchangers and consumer biogas. Some technological schemes can further be used cleaner biogas and sludge drying.
Metanoutvorennya process is the result of anaerobic fermentation. It should be noted that the mesophilic mode requires less heat energy costs, but with the schedule of raw materials is slower. Thermophilic regime requires more heat costs, but provides higher biogas yield. The resulting biogas is used to heat the bioreactor needs and agricultural sector. Excess biogas sold other users, thus a source of additional income.
In addition, during metanoutvorennya decomposes organic matter resulting biogas obtained except environmental friendly fertilizer. This product is being implemented with the aim of generating a profit from pig farm operation.
Of the heating pig with piglets and sows workshops presented in Figure 1.
According to process the sow is in the shop for three months. Of these, one month prior to gestation, the temperature during this period was maintained at 15-17 0C and two months after the pigs, the temperature rose to 20 0C. To ensure these conditions established in the seat of the sows electric heating pad (2).
In the place of holiday piglets heating pad set (3), the temperature of which will gradually decrease to the extent of growth of pigs from 30 to 22 oq Infrared heater (4) mounted on the trough for feeding pigs, whose power is varied within 500 - 1500 watts and installation height of 0.8 to 1.4 m.
The optimum temperature and humidity, and the concentration of harmful gases in the shop piglets and sows are supported by adequate ventilation. Air through perforated air duct (5) was applied directly to the area being pigs and sows.
Fig. 1. Heating Scheme pig with piglets and sows shops:
a - combined heating system; b - a traditional heating syste 1 - pig farm; 2 - heating pad; 3 - a heating pad; 4 - Infrared hea - perforated duct; 6 -povitrohotuvalna installation; 7 - the capacity for accumulation of pus; 8 - bioreactor; 9 - gasholder; 10 - the consumer biogas; 11 - offtake of organic waste from the pig farm; 12 - supply of organic matter in the bioreactor; 13 - withdrawal of biogas bioreactor; 14 - heat source
Calculation of economic efficiency combined heating system. In evaluating the economic efficiency of the proposed scheme takes into account heating system: basic equipment costs of the heating system, the cost of operating expenses and the cost of construction works.
Calculation of economic efficiency made by the operating technique [1, 2]. Cost-effectiveness was determined by the expression:
Ee = nx - n2, (1)
where n1, n2 - given the cost of the basic and new options (conventional air heating system and the proposed combined heating system).
Total costs are given conventional and alternative heating systems were determined from the relationship:
n = Ee + EH • C, (2)
where Ee - the annual amount of operating costs during the operation of the heating system, UAH / year; C - total required capital investment UAH.
EH - statutory rate of effectiveness of capital investments for livestock EH facilities is 0.08 1/year.
Payback period of investment is defined as follows:
T=, (3)
|E1 - E2 |
where subscript indices 1, 2 refer magnitude, respectively, the first and second option investigated.
The calculation of the annual cost of electricity for a uniform consumption are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Calculation of annual electricity consumption
Air heating systems Energy-efficient heating system
Output power equipment, kW Annual electricity consumption, t.kVt.h / year Output power equipment, kW Annual electricity consumption, t.kVt.h / year
4,46 189,0 4,66 568,1
Calculation of technical and economic performance of heating and air heating systems proposed, including capital, operating and annual costs on the options are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2
Table of calculation of technical and economic parameters comparable heating
Type of heating
Indicators The traditional system of air heating Energy efficient heating system combined
Capital costs, UAH 244,4 256,9
Operating costs, UAH 1700,1 1620,2
A profit is from realization of 3b iofertilizers, UAH - 63,4
Resulted costs thousand, UAH / Year 1719,7 1640,7
Payback period, years 0,63
Cost of mounting works determined by cost estimates for each option set. To do this, the software package used ABK-5, the cost of consumables, maintenance of machines and mechanisms, and the cost of installation works adopted in accordance with the data in a database of software system.
Conclusions.Comparison of conventional and proposed system heating farms. Expediency of the combination of the heat supply agricultural complexes with shops piglets and sows. The payback period of the proposed heating system will be 0.63 years.
Literature.
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