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14follows: video games, risk of video game addiction, video game addiction and video game consumption practice. In the theoretical framework, a necessary and brief explanation was developed on topics closely linked to our work and of vital importance for understanding it.
Keywords: video game, consumption, family, addiction, risk DOI:
PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE USAGE OF SMARTPHONES BY TEENAGERS DURING INDIVIDUAL
PSYCHOTHERAPY SESSIONS
Burlakova Natalya
Associate Professor, Department of Neuro- and Pathopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The contemporary epoch is often called a digital age. The perception of this epoch and of its opportunities differs between the generation of psychotherapists (in the research literature they are often referred to as "digital emigrants") and today's children (who may be called "digital autochthones"). In the digital age, communication forms and language have undergone transformations, causing changes in the development of children and adolescents. In this new situation, one needs to understand a) how the digital culture influences the development of self-awareness and sense of self in adolescents, and b) which restrictions should be implemented on the usage of smartphones (and other gadgets) during the individual psychotherapy sessions and which of their psychological functions can contribute to the psychotherapeutical process. The paper, thus, discusses whether the usage of a smartphone could become productive for therapy and open a window into the inner world of an adolescent.
Based on the cases from the psychotherapeutical practice and using the methodology of functional-structural analysis of psychotherapy (Burlakova, 1996), the paper describes and analyzes both negative functions of usage of smartphones during psychotherapy sessions (resistance; attempts to avoid living through uncomfortable or difficult relations with themselves and/or others, etc.) and positive ones (a means to understand disorders in evolvement of self, compensation of vulnerability, search for new forms of recognition, etc.). The discussed functions provide a basis for reevaluation of this practice and demonstrate potential new opportunities.
Keywords: digital age, self-awareness in children and adolescents, psychotherapy of children and adolescents
DOI:
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SCREEN TIME, OUTDOOR ACTIVITY TIME, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF
PRESCHOOLERS
Yufang Cui
Master Student, Faculty of Education of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; e-mail:
Minyi Li
Associate Professor, Faculty of Education of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; e-mail:
Yifei Chu
39
Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Education of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; e-mail:
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the correlations between screen time, outdoor activity time, and the physical health of preschoolers, so as to provide suggestions for formulating interventions to prevent myopia and obesity in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Shenzhen city. A representative sample of5,226 preschoolers and their caregivers were recruited by proportional stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected by the Chinese early human capability index (CHe HCI), children's media use in daily family life questionnaire, and body mass index (BMI). Linear regression and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of screen time and outdoor activity time on physical health of preschoolers. Results: Preschoolers spent (110.30 ± 90.67) min/d on screen and (61.11 ± 41.16) min/d on outdoor activity. 5. 47% of preschoolers were overweight. Screen time negatively predicted preschoolers ' physical health, while outdoor activity time positively predicted preschoolers ' physical health of CHe HCI. There was no significant association between outdoor activity time and BMI of preschoolers. Conclusion: This study suggests parents might need to reduce preschoolers' screen time and increase outdoor activity time to promote the physical health development of preschoolers.
Keywords: screen time, outdoor activity time, body mass index, physical health, preschoolers DOI:
PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF ADOLESCENTS' MENTAL AND PHYSICAL
HEALTH
Anna Chernaya
Head of Developmental Psychology Department, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on Don, Russia; email: [email protected]
Olga Makarenko
Assistant Professor, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on Don, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: This report analyzes the risk of decreasing physical and mental health of adolescents. The research situation in which the rapid development of technologies outpaces the research protocol and methods of psychological diagnostics being developed by scientists to study an objective picture of adolescents' functioning and development in the digital environment are discussed. Assessing the negative effects of the impact of the digital environment on the developing personality requires a particular set of research tasks. Internet overuse refers to excessive time spent online at the expense of other things. Such a behavioral addiction, according to DSM-5, is currently considered a direct threat to the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. PsychoDiagnostic Tools and/or scales traditionally used for diagnostics of various aspects of internet addiction were employed. We used 15 internet addiction tests as empirical material for an overview of the typical criteria of internet addiction. An analysis of the PsychoDiagnostic tools shows the criteria most likely to pose a threat to mental and physical health. The symptoms of internet addiction are: 1) social isolation; 2) emotional problems (depression, anxiety, irritability, etc.); 3) depression / apathy; 4) lack of self-regulation; 5) loss of control over their own behavior. The study results can help create a heuristic model for the study of internet addiction among adolescents, taking into account the research tasks, age of respondents, environmental and individual psychological factors. The pragmatic significance of the results is the possibility of their applicaiton in the design of psychological programs to address teen internet use.
Keywords: digitalization of education, digital environment, Internet overuse, adolescents
