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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Correlation of maximum oxygen consumption with component composition of the body, body mass of men with different somatotypes aged 25-35
Viacheslav M. Miroshnichenko 1ABCDE, Yuriy M. Furman 1 ABCD, Oleksandra Yu. Brezdeniuk 1ABCD, Victoria E. Onyshchuk 1ABCD, Natalia V Gavrylova 1ABCD, Svitlana V. Salnykova 2ABCD
1 Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine
2 Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Ukraine
Authors' Contribution: A - Study design; B - Data collection; C - Statistical analysis; D - Manuscript Preparation; E - Funds Collection. Abstract
Purpose: The somatotype determines not only physical development, but also the functional capabilities of the
organism. Investigation of the correlation relations between the component of body and VO2
. will
Material:
Results:
Conclusions:
Keywords:
reveal the influence of each of the components on the aerobic capacity of men in the first period of mature age. The aim of the work - to detect the peculiarities of manifestation of maximum oxygen consumption of men with different somatotypes and to investigate the relationship with the component composition of the body.
The study involved 150 men aged 25-35 years. The somatotype was determined by the Heath-Carter method. The component composition of the body was determined by the bioelectrical impedance method. The VO2 max indicator was determined, metered loads were performed on a bicycle ergometer. A correlation analysis of the absolute and relative VO2 max values with the fat and muscle components of the body was performed.
A high degree of inverse correlation between the relative VO2 max indicator with body mass in men of mesomorphic somatotype was established and a high degree of inverse correlation between the relative VO2 max indicator with body mass and BMI in men of endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype. For representatives of the mesomorphic and endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype, a larger body mass and a high degree of correlation between body mass and relative VO2 max indicator are characteristic. For representatives of the ectomorphic and balanced somatotype, a smaller body mass and a lower degree of correlation between body mass and relative VO indicator max are characteristic.
2 max
aerobic capacity, muscular, fat component, men.
Introduction
The somatotype determines not only physical development, but also the functional capabilities of the organism [1]. The level of functional capabilities is due to its energy potential. In the overall energy potential of a man, aerobic energy is largely preponderate anaerobic energy. The power of aerobic processes of energy supply muscular activity reflects the maximum oxygen consumption indicator (VO2 max). Our previous researches have revealed the peculiarities of manifestation of maximum oxygen consumption in students aged 17-19 with different somatotype [2]. We also researched the level of aerobic capabilities of youth 17-19 years old living within the Podillya region [3]. Yoo-Rim Choi & Wan-Suk Choi point to the revealed features of maximum oxygen consumption among students of different somatotypes [4]. Goran Spori et al found significant differences in the VO2 max values among Personnel of the Croatian Navy of different somatotypes [5]. The negative influence of endomorphy on the aerobic capabilities of men and women from Kuwait was revealed by Alkandari & Barac
© Viacheslav M. Miroshnichenko, Yuriy M. Furman, Oleksandra Yu. Brezdeniuk, Victoria E. Onyshchuk, Natalia V. Gavrylova, Svitlana V. Salnykova., 2020 doi:10.15561/26649837.2020.0603
Nieto [6] and Rupasinghe et al [7]. We did not find scientific publications about the differences in absolute and relative VO_ values in men of the first mature age
2 max °
of different somatotypes.
There are publications that prove body components decisive influence on human functional capabilities. Sukanta Saha found that the component composition of the body is well correlated with VO2 max [8]. Manmohan Sharma et al found the negative effects of the fat component on the aerobic capacity of men 25-35 years old. The authors established a correlation between VO_
2 max
and body mass index (BMI), the ratio of the circumferential waist size to the thigh and the percentage of fat component [9]. Bresdenyuk found that the students of 17-21 years of age who have "low" and "normal" contents of the fat component have "excellent" level of aerobic capabilities according to the criterion Ya.P. Pyarnat [10]. Neha Parve et al showed the relationship between height, body mass and age with VO2 max in women of the second mature age group [11]. Kanae Oda et al established negative correlation VO2 max with body fat percentage in Japanese men and women 30-52 years [12]. Setty et al found negative association of fat component with cardio-respiratory system functionality [13]. About negative effect of the fat
component on the VO2 max in obese individuals is indicated in studies M.Pourhassan and co-authors [14]. Payam Heydari et al found that demographic variables and BMI are factors that influence the determination of maximum oxygen consumption [15]. Daniel Bunout et al found that body mass without fat in men is an important predictor of maximum oxygen consumption [16].
Kaur et al point out that with the age in urban women of Punjab of age 50-80 years, the endomorphic and mesomorphic components decreases [17]. The variability of the component body composition in the process of human ontogenesis is shown by Sallnikova's study. The author argues that in the period of ontogenesis from 30 to 40 years in women, the fat component increases, and the muscle component decreases [18]. In view of the variability of the body components in the process of human ontogenesis, it is important to obtain data on all age groups.
Hypothesis: The study of maximum oxygen consumption and the body components of men in the first period of mature age will allow to determine the peculiarities of their manifestation, depending on the somatotype. Investigation of the correlation relations between the components of the body and VO2 max will reveal the influence of each of the components on the aerobic capacity of men aged 25-35 years.
Purpose: to detect the peculiarities of manifestation of maximum oxygen consumption of men with different somatotypes and to investigate the relationship with the component composition of the body.
Material and Methods
Participants.
The study involved 150 men aged 25-35 years. In all subjects identified somatotype, VO2 max, component body composition. All subjects gave written consent to participate in the experiment.
Procedure.
The somatotype was determined by the Heath-Carter method [19]. For this purpose, the following anthropometric studies were performed: they determined height, body mass, girth dimensions, transverse diameters and thickness of skin-fat foods. Each component was expressed in numerical value. The membership of the somatotype was determined by the advantage of the component at 2,5 points. In the absence of such an advantage, the somatotype of the person was defined as balanced. Participants were conventionally divided into groups by belonging to the somatotype.
Component composition of the body was determined by the method of bioelectric impedance using the OMRON BF-511. The device determined the percentage of fatty tissue in the body (subcutaneous fat), the percentage of skeletal muscle in the body, the percentage of visceral fat, body mass index (BMI), and body mass.
The indicator of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was determined by the method of Carpman et al [20]. The men performed two loads on an ergometer for 5 minutes each (interval of rest - 3 minutes). The pedaling
speed was 60 turnovers per min-1. The power of the first load was 1 W per 1 kg of body mass. The power of the second load was 2 W per 1 kg of body mass. At the end of each load, the heart rate was recorded. The mathematical calculations were used to determine the value of the indicator VO . VO was displayed in ml min-1.
2 max 2 max
Compared the average group values of the indicators among representatives of different somatotype groups and group of men, which included all participants.
A correlation analysis of the absolute and relative VO2
values with the fat and muscle components of the body
max
was performed.
Statistical analysis.
The statistical analysis of the data was using the Excel 2010 program. The independent samples were compared for the analysis of the studied measures. Ranks of distribution displayed indicators features according to men's somatotypes. Statistical processing was performed applying Student's t-criterion. It was defined as an average mean (X), Student's t-criterion (t), standard error of the mean (±m), number of degrees of freedom (f), significance value (p). The difference was considered significant at p < 0,05.
The correlation analysis was performed to determine the interrelation between the studied measures. The correlation coefficient (r) was defined. The number of degrees of freedom (k) was calculated. The a - is the tabular coefficient of correlation which corresponds to the certain level of significance and calculated by means of tabular data. The significance of correlation coefficient was checked in comparison the obtained data with tabular. The connection considered significant at p < 0,05. The gradation proposed by Cheddok was applied for the determination of constraint force. According to this technique the constraint force was estimated as follows: 0,1 < r < 0,3 -weak; 00,3 < r < 0,5 - moderate; 0,5 < r < 0,7 - average; 0,7 < r < 0,9 - high; 0,9 < r < 0,99 - very high.
Experimental studies are in accordance with the directive of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association on ethical principles of medical research with human participation as the object of study (Protocol of the Commission on Bioethics at Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University No. 10 of 21.11.2018)
Results
The absolute indicator of VO in men of the
2 max
mesomorphic somatotype is higher value relative to the representatives of the ectomorphic somatotype. According to the relative indicator of VO2 max, the representatives of ectomorphic and balanced somatotypes have higher values, while the lowest ones are representatives of the endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype (Table 1).
In men with endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype revealed significantly bigger of the body mass, a significantly highest percentage of fat component and visceral fat, among men of different somatotypes. Representatives of mesomorphic somatotype have the highest percentage of muscle component (Table 2).
Table 1. Maximum oxygen consumption of men with different somatotypes aged 25-35
Indicators
Representatives of the mesomorphic somatotype
n = 39
Representatives of the ectomorphic somatotype
n = 32
Representatives of the endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype
n = 37
X
m
X
m
X
m
Representatives of balanced somatotype
n = 42
X
m
VO
2809.7 26.02
2680.7 44.19 2776.8 22.04
(ml-min-1)
VO 40.2
2 max
(ml-min-kg-1) ••
0.46
43.5 •••
ООО
□□
0.52
37.3
0.77
2792.1 47.06
42.8 0.80
ОО •••
□
Notes: The statistically significant difference: * - in relation to the ectomorphic somatotype; o - in relation to the mesomorphic somatotype; • - in relation to the endomorphic- mesomorphic somatotype; □ - in relation to the all participants. The number of marks (o,*,^) corresponds: 1 mark - (p < 0,05), 2 marks - (p < 0,01), 3 marks - (p < 0,001).
Generalize the data in Table 1 and Table 2, we notice the following trends. The lowest value of the relative VO2 max indicator was found in men with endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype, who have the highest percentage of subcutaneous fat in the body, the highest percentage of visceral fat and the largest body mass.
Men who belong to the ectomorphic somatotype have higher values of relative VO indicator, lower
° 2 max '
percentage of subcutaneous fat in the body, lower percentage of visceral fat, less body mass and body mass index.
The revealed trends have led us to put forward the hypothesis that for men of certain somatotypes, the lower values of the relative VO indicator are due to high
2 max
values of the percentage of fat component, visceral fat, body mass, and body mass index. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a correlation analysis between VO
2 max
and body mass, body mass index, components of body composition in men with different somatotypes (Table 3).
The correlation analysis revealed a high degree of inverse relationship of the relative VO2 max indicator with body mass in men with a mesomorphic somatotype; a high degree of inverse relationship of relative VO2 indicator with a body mass and BMI in men with
max
endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype; a high degree of inverse correlation of the relative VO indicator with
2 max
a body mass in the male group, which brings together representatives of all somatotypes.
Discussion
Thus, it can be argued that in men with mesomorphic and endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype a greater body mass causes lower relative VO indicator.
2 max
In addition, in men with endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype, the low values of the relative VO2 max indicator are associated with high BMI values. Representatives
of somatotypes that are characterized by a smaller body mass (ectomorphic and balanced) have a lower degree of inverse relationship of body mass with a relative VO2 max indicator. The influence of muscle and fat components, BMI on the level of VO2 max in representatives of balanced and ectomorphic somatotypes smaller, because the strength of the correlation between these indicators is characterized as noticeable, moderate, or correlation is absent.
The data we received about lower relative VO2 indicator men 25-35 years of mesomorphic and
max J A
endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype is new. In the scientific literature, there is evidence of the significant role of somatotype components in influencing to exhibit aerobic productivity. Rupasinghe et al found that endomorphism-dominated medical students were found to have low VO2 max levels [7]. Marangoz irfan et al established a high degree of negative correlation between VO2 max and endomorphism in handball players of 18-30 years; a marked degree of positive correlation between VO2 max and ectomorphism [21]. Himel Mondal & Snigdha Prava Mishra showed of negative influence of Increasing waist size and Waist-to-height index on VO of men
2 max
17-25 years [22].
Studies performed by Manmohan Sharma et al found in men of 25-35 years old a very high degree of inverse relationship between the percentage of subcutaneous fat and the relative VO indicator. These authors also
2 max
found a high degree of inverse relationship between BMI and relative VO indicator [9]. The data obtained by
2 max
us indicate a noticeable degree of the inverse relationship of the relative VO2 max indicator with a percentage of subcutaneous fat and a moderate inverse correlation with BMI. According to the established trends, the results of our research coincide with the data of the above-mentioned authors. The only difference is the degree of
Table 2. Component body composition and body mass in men aged 25-35 with different somatotype
Indicators
All participant Representatives (representatives of the
of all
somatotypes) n = 150
mesomorphic somatotype
n = 39
Representatives of the
ectomorphic somatotype
n = 32
Representatives of the
endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype
n = 37
X
m
X
m
X
m
X
m
Representatives of balanced somatotype
n = 42
X
m
Fat component, 16.6
% ***
ooo
0.35
14.7
0.32 11.0
0.28
23.9
□ □□
ooo
0.31
16.2
0.56
Muscle 41.0
component, %
0.25
• •• ■
Visceral fat, % 3.5
0.23
44.6 •••
■■■
□□□ ***
3.2
0.42 40.7 0.38 38.7
0.33
39.7
0.52
0.34 1.6 0.04 6.2 0.46 2.9 0.14
. ■ ~ ~ — ■ . ---/ ' ~ *** ■ *** ooo ■■■ □□□ *** ***
Body mass, kg 68.3 0.96 70.1 0.87 61.7 0.88 75.2 1.91 65.5 0.91
*** *** *** **
■ ■■■ ■■■
□□
o
BMI, kg/m2 22.4 0.72 23.2 0.26 18.9 0.11 24.5 0.51 22.4 1.54
*** *** *** *
o
□
Notes: The statistically significant difference: * - in relation to the ectomorphic somatotype; o - in relation to the mesomorphic somatotype; ■ - in relation to the balanced somatotype; • - in relation to the endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype; □ - in relation to the all participants. The number of marks (o,*,^) corresponds: 1 mark - (p < 0,05), 2 marks - (p < 0,01), 3 marks - (p < 0,001).
correlation. This difference may be due to the fact that the authors used the step-method to determine VO_ , and in
A 2 max'
our research the method of bicycle ergometry was used. Also, the difference in results may be due to the region's characteristics of the residence of the participants. Consideration should also data obtained by Christina Grüne et al who found that obesity affects the growth of error in determining VO2 max by not a direct method [23].
Studies performed by Mondal & Mishra found in men of 18-25 years moderate degree of negative correlation
BMI with relative VO2 max indicator and a high degree of negative correlation between the percentage of subcutaneous fat and the relative value of VO indicator
2 max
[24]. Marcin Maciejczyk et al found a moderate degree of negative correlation in men of 18-30 years between the relative VO indicator and body mass, BMI, fat
2 max
component, and the lack of correlation with the muscle component. In addition, they found a moderate degree of positive correlation between the absolute value of VO2 and the muscular component. The authors argue that
max
o
Table 3. Correlation ratio of maximum oxygen consumption indicators with component composition of the body, body mass of men aged 25-35
Indicators Fat component Muscle component Visceral fat Body mass Body mass index
r p r p r p r p r p
mesomorphic somatotype, n = 39
VO2 b 2 max, abs. -0.035 P > 0.05 -0.033 P > 0.05 0.346 p < 0.05 0.565 p < 0.05 0.394 p < 0.05
VO2 l 2 max, rel. -0.241 p > 0.05 0.241 P > 0.05 -0.132 P > 0.05 -0.717 p < 0.05 -0.341 p < 0.05
ectomorphic somatotype, n = 32
VO2 max, abs. 2 max, abs. -0.149 P > 0.05 0.326 P > 0.05 -0.123 P > 0.05 0.677 p < 0.05 0.391 p < 0.05
VO2 l 2 max, rel. -0.109 P > 0.05 0.338 P > 0.05 -0.431 p < 0.05 -0.372 p < 0.05 -0.220 P > 0.05
endomorphic- mesomorphic somatotype, n = 37
VO2 max, abs. 2 max, abs. 0.086 P > 0.05 -0.125 P > 0.05 0.161 P > 0.05 0.398 p < 0.05 0.228 P > 0.05
VO2 l 2 max, rel. -0.430 p < 0.05 0.222 P > 0.05 -0.520 p < 0.05 -0.878 p < 0.05 -0.783 p < 0.05
balanced somatotype, n = 42
VO2 max, abs. 2 max, abs. -0.080 P > 0.05 0.168 P > 0.05 0.035 P > 0.05 0.309 p < 0.05 0.030 P > 0.05
VO2 l 2 max, rel. -0.521 p < 0.05 0.292 P > 0.05 -0.580 p < 0.05 -0.601 p < 0.05 -0.024 P > 0.05
all participants (representatives of all somatotypes), n = 150
VO2 max, abs. 2 max, abs. 0.061 P > 0.05 0.125 P > 0.05 0.151 P > 0.05 0.412 p < 0.05 0.174 P > 0.05
VO2 l 2 max, rel. -0.596 p < 0.05 0.183 p < 0.05 -0.621 p < 0.05 -0.786 p < 0.05 -0.364 p < 0.05
Notes: VO u - absolute indicator of maximum oxygen consumption; VO , - relative indicator of maximum
2 max, abs. ' 2 max, rel.
oxygen consumption; r - coefficient of correlation; p - statistical significance for correlation.
low values of relative VO. indicator are due to high
2 max °
body mass values, regardless of whether the fat or muscle component has an advantage [25]. The results of our research agree with this statement. Thus, it can be argued that there is a negative correlation between body mass, BMI, percentage of subcutaneous fat with relative VO2 indicator in men without somatotype consideration.
max
However, according to various data, the degree of these correlation ranges from moderate to very high.
Conclusions
We have established the features of the manifestation of maximum oxygen consumption in men 25-35
years with different somatotypes. For representatives of the mesomorphic and endomorphic-mesomorphic somatotype, a larger body mass and a high degree of correlation between body mass and relative VO
2 max
indicator are characteristic. For representatives of the ectomorphic and balanced somatotype, a smaller body mass and a lower degree of correlation between body mass and relative VO indicator max are characteristic.
2 max
Conflict of interest
The authors state that there is no conflict of interest.
2020
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Information about the authors:
Viacheslav M. Miroshnichenko: (Corresponding Author); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-4554; 29miroshnichenko@gmail. com; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Ostroz'koho st., 32, Vinnytsia, 21100, Ukraine.
Yuriy M. Furman: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-7712; furman-dok@ukr.net; Department of Medical and Biological Foundations of Physical Education and Physical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education, Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Ostroz'koho st., 32, Vinnytsia, 21100, Ukraine.
Oleksandra Yu. Brezdeniuk: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0844-8777; sandrikk86@gmail.com; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Ostroz'koho st., 32, Vinnytsia, 21100, Ukraine.
Victoria E. Onyshchuk: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9615-6653; Victiriaonichuk@gmail.com; Department of Medical and Biological Foundations of Physical Education and Physical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education, Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Ostroz'koho st., 32, Vinnytsia, 21100, Ukraine.
Natalia V. Gavrylova: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-5875; gavrilova.natal83@gmail.com; Department of Medical and Biological Foundations of Physical Education and Physical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education, Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University; Ostroz'koho st., 32, Vinnytsia, 21100, Ukraine.
Svitlana V. Salnykova: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4675-6105; aqvasveta@ukr.net; Department of Physical Education, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics; Soborna st., 87, Vinnytsia, 21050, Ukraine.
Cite this article as:
Miroshnichenko VM, Furman YM, Brezdeniuk OYu, Onyshchuk VE, Gavrylova NV, Salnykova SV. Correlation of maximum oxygen consumption with component composition of the body, body mass of men with different somatotypes aged 25-35. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 2020;24(6):290-296. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0603
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en).
Received: 15.05.2020
Accepted: 01.07.2020; Published: 30.12.2020
