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Educational bulletin "Consciousness"/ Образовательный вестник "Сознание"
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RESEARCH ARTICLE | НАУЧНАЯ СТАТЬЯ
© GolovanovS.A., Rasulov M.M., 2022
и?* : ч http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2022-24-2-14-21
V — Ч Принята 28.02.2022 | Accepted 28.02.2022
УДК 322. 61
CORRECTION OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITIES AT PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF ATHLETES
Golovanov S.A., Rasulov M.M.
State Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, Russian Federation.
КОРРЕКЦИЯ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КАЧЕСТВ ПРИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКЕ СПОРТСМЕНОВ
Голованов С.А., Расулов М.М.
Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химии и технологии элементоорганических соединений, г. Москва, Российская Федерация.
Abstract. The effect of training loads on the psychophysiological development of young football players was studied. A stepwise increase in loads was applied to their adequate mastering without prejudice to the growth of sportsmanship. Provided 5-6 training sessions per week. The volume of training loads was selected with the focus on improving motor abilities, increasing the aerobic and strength indicators of football players. The classes were planned taking into account the alternation of loads depending on the state of the students. For qualitatively new adaptive changes in the functional level of football players, loads were applied against the background of insufficient restoration of working capacity. The development of speed and power indicators was planned for the supercompensation phase. On the basis of the factor analysis ofpractical gaming model activity, the following were evaluated: 1. The level of development of speed, which allows responding quickly to a moving ball, moving an opponent's
Аннотация. Абстрактный. Изучено влияние тренировочных нагрузок на
психофизиологическое развитие юных футболистов. Поэтапное увеличение нагрузок применялось для их адекватного наращивания без ущерба для роста спортивного мастерства. Предусмотрено 5-6 тренировок в неделю. Объем тренировочных нагрузок подбирался с акцентом на улучшение двигательных способностей, повышение аэробных и силовых показателей футболистов. Занятия планировались с учетом чередования нагрузок в зависимости от состояния учащихся. Для качественно новых адаптивных изменений функционального уровня футболистов применялись нагрузки на фоне недостаточного восстановления
работоспособности. На этапе
суперкомпенсации была запланирована разработка показателей скорости и мощности. На основе факторного анализа практической
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opponent, evaluating the ball's flight and the situation on the playing field; 2 Complex speed, manifested in the speed capabilities of starting accelerations; 3. Speed endurance, showing the level of anaerobic abilities of the player; 4. Special endurance, as a factor in long-term gaming activities; 5. Technical training, as the ability to effectively apply techniques in the game; 6. Psychological training, involving perseverance, determination, playful aggressiveness; 7. Strength training as the main element of general physical training.
The use of intensive loads extends the range of the functional state of the circulatory system, improves overall and sports performance. The authors established the possibility of using the drug trekrezan in the form of a dietary supplement for the physical and mental development of football players 15-16 years old. At the same time, the fact of significant adaptation of the organism to the limiting and transcendent loads when combined with trekrezan was noted. By preventing the state of overtraining with acutely increasing fatigue and overvoltage, trekrezan helps to establish optimal performance and reduce the level of both physical and mental maladjustment that occurs.
Keywords: training loads, trekrezan, efficiency, local means of preparation.
REFERENCES
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Ключевые слова: тренировочные нагрузки, трекрезан, эффективность, локальные средства подготовки.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИМ СПИСОК
[1] Азизов А. П. и др. Влияние антиоксидантов Элтона и Леветона на физическую работоспособность спортсменов // экспериментальная и Клиническая фармакология. - 1998. - В. 61 № 1. - С. 60-62.
[2] Воронков М. Г., Расулов М. М. эффективность добавки Трекрезан в рационе цыплят // доклады Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук. - 2003. - № 2. - С. 39-42.
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изданий ВАК при Министерстве образования и науки Российской Федерации —--—
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Rasulov M. M., Storozhenko P. A., Zhigacheva I. V. Alkancarboxylic acids and their derivatives in biology and medicine. Lambert Academic Publishing, reha gmbh, 66111, Saarbrucken, 2018. - 286 P. Seluyanov V. N. technology for improving physical culture, Moscow: Sportaka-demiya Press, 2001, 169 P.
Zatsiorsky V. M., Aleshinsky S. Yu., Yakunin N. A. biomechanical foundations of fitness. Moscow: physical Culture and sport, 1982. - 207 P.
[3] Голованов С. А. Анохина, н, Архипов, РН, Расулов, мм, и соавт. Адаптогены и допинг в условиях питания / / управление психомоторной активностью человека: СБ.науч. тр. матер I-й Междунар. конф. ПИФК МГПУ. - М., 2007. - С. 19-21.
[4] Голованов С. А., Расулов М. М. Снисаренко Т. А. комплексная коррекция состояния здоровья мужчин с ожирением и артериальной гипертензией в условиях аэробных физических нагрузок. // Вестник Московского государственного регионального университета. Серия "Естественные Науки". - 2014. - № 1. - с. 43-52.
[5] Голованов С. А. комплексная коррекция мужского здоровья в условиях аэробной физической нагрузки / / авторы. дисс. канд. пед. науки. - М. 2016. - 24 С.
[6] Орлова А. Ф., Лейтес И. В., Черникова И. В. упражнения с физической нагрузкой / / комитет здравоохранения администрации Алтайского края. - Барнаул, 2002. - 35 С.
[7] Расулов М. М., Стороженко П. А., Жигачева И. В. Алканкарбоновые кислоты и их производные в биологии и медицине. Lambert Academic Publishing, reha gmbh, 66111, Saarbrucken, 2018. -286 С.
[8] Селуянов В. Н. технология совершенствования физической культуры. М.: Спортакадемия Пресс, 2001. - 169 С.
[9] Зациорский В. М., Алешинский С. Ю., Якунин Н.А. биомеханические основы выносливости. М.: Физкультура и спорт, 1982. - 207 С.
Author Contributions. Golovanov S.A. - collection and processing of materials, writing text, concept and design of the
study; Rasulov M.M. - statistical data processing, text writing.
Conflict of Interest Statement. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Golovanov S.A. - SPIN ID: 4858-7640; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6379-3181
Research interests, number of major publications: Study ofphysiological and physical processes, adaptive capabilities, restorative abilities. More than 37 publications have been written, including 2 SKOPUS, 6 in the Higher Attestation Commission and 15 in conference proceedings.
Rasulov M.M- SPIN ID: 7115-5720; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8893-8591
Research interests, number of major publications: Study ofphysiological and physical processes, adaptive capabilities, restorative abilities. More than 93 publications have been written, of which 25 SCOPUS, 42 in the Higher Attestation Commission and 25 in conference proceedings.
Вклад авторов: Голованов С.А.- сбор и обработка материалов, написание текста, концепция и дизайн исследования; Расулов М.М.- статистическая обработка данных, написание текста. Заявление о конфликте интересов: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликтов
интересов._
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Голованов С.А. - SPIN ID: 4858-7640; ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6379-3181
Сфера научных интересов, количество основных публикаций: Изучение физиологических и физических процессов, адаптивные возможности, восстановительные способности. Написано более 37 публикаций, из них 2 СКОПУС, 6 в ВАК и 15 в материалах конференций.
Расулов М.М. - SPIN ID: 7115-5720; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8893-8591
Сфера научных интересов, количество основных публикаций: Изучение физиологических и физических процессов, адаптивные возможности, восстановительные способности. Написано более 93 публикаций, из них 25 СКОПУС, 42 в ВАК и 25 в материалах конференций.
For citation: Golovanov S.A., Rasulov M.M. CORRECTION OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITIES AT PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF ATHLETES // Educational bulletin "Consciousness". - 2022. - №2. Vol.24. - С. 1421. Doi: 10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2022-24-2-14-21.
Для цитирования: Голованов С.А., Расулов М.М. КОРРЕКЦИЯ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КАЧЕСТВ ПРИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДГОТОВКЕ СПОРТСМЕНОВ // Образовательный вестник "Сознание". -2022. - №2. Т.24. - С. 14-21. Doi: 10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2022-24-2-14-21.
Introduction. The training of highly qualified athletes, their training regimes, in modern conditions are an urgent and multifaceted problem. Thus, the theoretical foundations of improving the functional and motor qualities of young football players aged 15-16 are based on the laws of the biological development of the organism. The processes of restructuring of the body under the influence of training loads are increasingly approaching the state of adult athletes. Some lagging of muscle mass at a given age implies deepening of special physical training with an emphasis on performing exercises aimed at improving individual forms of manifestation of speed and especially reaction to a moving object. Speed-strength under the action of directional training invariably increased. The use of intensive loads extends the range of the functional state of the circulatory system, respectively, increases the overall and sports performance. When moderate and high intensity work, anaerobic performance increases, the duration of physical effects and the efficiency of training loads [6,8,9]. The range of tools used locally aimed at improving speed and speed capabilities is systematically expanding. At this age, it is recommended to increase the maximum speed and power of work. Speed endurance is somewhat reduced. The main intensive and long-term loads experienced by young footballers in the process of pedagogical influences are based
on the natural biological development of the body and need additional incentives and support for modern innovative means and methods of sports training. Proper use of funds is of great importance, both at the stages of in-depth training, and at the stages of sports improvement. Against the background of the high requirements of professional activity for the preparation of a young athlete, certain qualities and functions experience an increased effect of training loads, therefore, it is of some interest to find ways to develop physical and psychophysical qualities, increase adaptive capabilities using physical loads in combination with analogues and substitutes for natural adaptogens.
The use of adaptogens in sports practice is confirmed by studies [3-5]. At the same time, the fact of significant adaptation of the organism to the limiting and transcendent loads when combined with adaptogens is noted. By preventing the state of overtraining with acutely increasing fatigue and overvoltage, adaptogens help to establish optimal performance and reduce the level of disadaptation that occurs. Adaptogens increase the sensitivity of body cells to their own hormones and non-hormonal compounds. Therefore, the regulation of metabolic processes becomes more accurate and faster. These include the new domestic drug trekrezan [1,2,7]. Purpose of the study. Determine the effectiveness of the impact of
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training loads, the adequacy of their use of the functional features of young players and methods for improving the adaptive capabilities of the organism. The object of the study was the training process of professional training of young football players 15-16 years old. The subject of research is the change in the physical and physiological qualities of the subjects under the differential influence of specially selected means and methods with the use of the drug trecrezan in the form of a biologically active additive. Organization, materials and research methods. The research program provided for the availability of training sessions at the stage of advanced specialization of football players in the period of active formation and improvement of motor skills and physical fitness. 32 young footballers of 15-16 years old performed specially designed tasks of directional action to achieve benchmarks in their chosen sport. A stepwise increase in loads was applied to their adequate mastering without prejudice to the growth of sportsmanship. Provided 5-6 training sessions per week. The volume of training loads was selected with the focus on improving motor abilities, increasing the aerobic and strength indicators of football players. The classes were planned taking into account the alternation of loads depending on the state of the students. For qualitatively new adaptive changes in the functional level of football players, loads were applied against the background of insufficient restoration of working capacity. The development of speed and power indicators was planned for the supercompensation phase. Technical indicators were performed on the background of relative normalization.
At the initial stage of training with a duration of four weeks (20 lessons), attention was paid to the basics of motor actions when performing exercises. The load was carried out sparingly. An individual approach was used in the preparation of players, implying a correction of the power and intensity of the means offered.
At the second stage of training with a duration of eight weeks (40 lessons) attention was paid to selectively directed loads. The
duration of the impact loads combined with the intensity of the exercises.
At the third stage of training with a duration of twelve weeks (48 lessons), an increase in the requirements for all parameters and components of training was assumed. Special training received some predominance over physical training, and reached 65-70% of study time. By the end of the period, the intensity and volume of competitive loads increased significantly. However, when performing specific techniques and actions in the training of young football players, along with the increased level and intensity of the main loads, their capabilities are not always enhanced. Between the level of professional preparedness and the implementation of the main actions on the playing field stands out the correctional period of the training process:
- 4-6 weeks of physiological decline in basic capabilities, when technical aspects of skill are violated due to a decrease in muscle elasticity, sense of rhythm and pace, muscle coordination and a significant deterioration in physical indicators.
- 3-4 weeks adaptive adaptation with the restoration and increase of physical and psychophysical qualities. Dynamic indicators of the movement structure are improved.
- Competitive activity is effectively provided with an increased level of necessary opportunities.
All participants in the experiment were divided into two groups: control and experimental for 16 people. At the beginning of the pedagogical experiment, the main indicators of fitness and physical development of the group were approximately equal. The amount of training loads offered in both groups was about the same. Differences were expressed in the fact that the subjects of the experimental group at the third basic stage of training voluntarily took trekrezan
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изданий ВАК при Министерстве образования и науки Российской Федерации —--—
in the form of dietary supplements. At the same time, the inclusion in the study was carried out after obtaining voluntary informed consent from the subject and agreeing on the possibility of monitoring blood pressure and ECG on the spot while maintaining an acceptable level of safety. Trekrezan was taken every morning at 0.2 grams, and during the day no later than 16 hours, 0.2 grams in courses of 10 days once every three months.
Evaluated factors of training. On the
basis of the factor analysis of the practical gaming model activity, the following were evaluated: 1) The level of development of speed, which allows responding quickly to a moving ball, moving an opponent's opponent, evaluating the ball's flight and the situation on the playing field; 2) Integrated speed, manifested in the speed capabilities of starting accelerations; 3) Speed endurance, showing the level of anaerobic abilities of the player; 4) Special endurance, as a factor in long-term gaming activities; 5) Technical training, as the ability to effectively apply techniques in the game; 6) Psychological training, involving perseverance, determination,
playful aggressiveness; 7) Strength training as the main element of general physical training.
Research results and discussion. The most important components, reflecting the level of professional training of young football players aged 15-16, were obtained on the basis of literary analysis and questioning. The developed model made it possible to assess the initial level of the subjects, select adequate means and methods to allow targeted action on all aspects of the training and bring the subjects to the model level. The number of pedagogical influences is connected not only with specially selected means, but also with the ability of the subjects to master an increased volume of workload. Analysis of the results of the pedagogical experiment revealed significant (p <0.05) positive changes in most indicators relative to the beginning of the experiment. It has been established that a step load with an emphasis on improving physical, professional and mental qualities to the required model level is effective. At the same time, the intergroup differences between the control and experimental groups in most of the indicators are also reliable (table 1 and table 2).
Table 1.
Changes in the psycho-physiological and typological properties of the players in the control
group (n = 20)
Indicators beginning end
Strength of the nervous system 34,9±0,6 28,3±0,8*
Mobility of the nervous system 39,2±1,1 31,7±1,2*
Assessment of time (deviation from the specified), seconds 0,58±0,09 0,51±0,09
Speed of motor reactions, seconds 13,3±0,3 12,3±0,3*
Accuracy of hitting the target, 6,9 ±0,3 7,7±0,3
Notes: * - significantly at р<0,05
Table 2.
Changes in the psycho-physiological and typological properties of the main players (n = 20)
Indicators beginning end
Strength of the nervous system 34,9±0,6 27,8±0,6*
Mobility of the nervous system 39,2±1,1 30,4±1,1*
Assessment of time (deviation from the specified), seconds 0,58±0,09 0,34±0,07*
Speed of motor reactions, seconds 13,3±0,3 11,2±0,4*
Accuracy of hitting the target, 6,9 ±0,3 8,0±0,4
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изданий ВАК при Министерстве образования и науки Российской Федерации —--—
Notes: * - significantly at /><0,05
Evaluation of the results shows that the subjects receiving the trekrezan biological additive are distinguished by a strong nervous system and its high mobility, which is typical for the onset of responsive speed responses when working with a ball and changing game situations.
Psychophysiological characteristics are noted in favor of the main group, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed technique: an increase in the speed of the motor reaction, the
accuracy of hitting the target point, an increase in the sense of pace. A number of individual positive differences are confirmed in a series of game matches where high achievements of the test group of the experimental group are recorded: goals scored, selection and interception of the ball, accuracy of reception and transmission, participation in attacking actions, manifestation of individual skill. The level of physical and professional preparedness is reflected in (table 3 and table 4).
Table 3.
Changes in the physical fitness of football players control group (n = 20)
Tests Beginning End
Shuttle run 3 * 10, seconds 14,51±0,61 14,49±0,63
Range of impact per range, m 56,8±12,44 60,3±18,51
Running 10 m low start, seconds 2,06±0,04 1,89±0,02
Running 30 m at once, seconds 3,49±0,06 3,41±0,05
Running 30 m low start n / s, seconds 4,76±0,05 4,23±0,04*
Running 60 m, low start, seconds 7,63±0,12 7,58±0,09*
Running 100 m low start, seconds 12,04±0,11 11,92±0,08
Cooper's test, m 2616,7±13,9 2701,05±20,0
Long jump from the spot. cm 241,9±13,97 264,4±15,15
Triple jump from the spot, m 7,03±0,3 7,54±0,36
Tenfold jump from the spot, m 26,61±2,01 27,07±2,14*
Running onsite in focus for 10 seconds, times 44,91±0,45 54,73±0,43*
Pulling up, times 12,2±0,86 13,15±1,0
Ball juggling with head, times 52,1±4,67 63,3±5,15
Juggling left + right, times 412,6±22,33 523,1±23,74*
Notes. * - significantly at p <0.05
Table 4.
Physical fitness of the main group of players (n = 20)
Tests Beginning End
Shuttle run 3 * 10, seconds 14,51±0,61 13,11±0,45*
Range of impact per range, m 56,8±12,44 62,1±1,57*
Running 10 m low start, seconds 2,06±0,04 1,71±0,02*
Running 30 m at once, seconds 3,49±0,06 3,28±0,04*
Running 30 m low start n / s, seconds 4,76±0,05 4,27±0,03*
Running 60 m, low start, seconds 7,63±0,12 7,41±0,11*
Running 100 m low start, seconds 12,04±0,11 11,73±0,08*
Cooper's test, m 2616,7±13,9 3296,05±20,2*
Long jump from the spot. cm 241,9±13,97 285,9±10,5*
Triple jump from the spot, m 7,03±0,3 7,83±0,2*
Tenfold jump from the spot, m 26,61±2,01 26,61±2,01*
Running onsite in focus for 10 seconds, times 44,91±0,45 61,15±0,5*
Pulling up, times 12,2±0,86 15,11±1,01*
Номер свидетельства: ЭЛ № ФС 77 — 76347 от 02.08.2019, выдан Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций, включен в Перечень ведущих рецензируемых научных журналов и
изданий ВАК при Министерстве образования и науки Российской Федерации —--—
Ball juggling with head, times 52,1±4,67 68,2±5,3*
Juggling left + right, times 412,6±22,33 555,4±24,4*
Notes: * - significantly atp <0.05
It was found that at the end of the training cycle, 80% of young footballers in the main group who received trekrezan are in optimal working condition, and 20% show various signs of a compensated fatigue condition. Along with this, it has been revealed that some football players in the control group develop chronic
fatigue and have low performance. Also, in some cases, football players of the control group experience over-excitement, which is the result of work at the limit of its capabilities. This leads to rapid depletion, which may further lead to a breakdown of adaptation mechanisms and the formation of somatic diseases (Table 5).
Table 5.
Vegetative coefficients for LUSHER test
Indicators Group control Main Group
abs % abs %
0 - 0,5 - chronic overwork, exhaustion, low performance. 2 10% - -
0,51 - 0,91 - compensated state of fatigue. Self-healing of optimal performance occurs due to periodic decrease in activity. It is not necessary to optimize the working rhythm, the work and rest schedule. 6 30% 4 20%
0,92 - 1,9 - optimal performance. The loads correspond to the possibilities. 11 55% 16 80%
Over 2.0 - overexcitement. Often is the result of work at the limit of its capabilities, which leads to rapid exhaustion. Normalization of the pace of activity, work and rest schedules, and, sometimes, reduction of the load is required. 1 5%
A comparative analysis of the results given in Table 5 shows that the use of trekrezan leads to an improvement in the adaptation mechanisms, as evidenced by the indicators of vegetative coefficients.
Conclusions: Thus, the presented data indicate the possibility (and necessity) of the use of adaptogenic means and, in particular, trekrezan dietary
supplements to achieve, planned in modern professional training of young football players. The training method should be based on the competent, fundamental development of specific qualities and functions of the body. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly follow the patterns of applying training loads and introducing innovative forms of improving sports skills into the pedagogical process.
Corresponding Author: Golovanov SergeyAlexandrovich, candidate of pedagogical Sciences, State University of Management, Moscow,
Russian Federation
E-mail: Golovanov. 77780@mail.ru
Ответственный за переписку: Голованов Сергей Александрович, кандидат педагогических наук, «Государственный университет управления», Москва, Российская Федерация. E-mail: Golovanov. 77780@mail. ru
Номер свидетельства: ЭЛ № ФС 77 — 76347 от 02.08.2019, выдан Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций, включен в Перечень ведущих рецензируемых научных журналов и
изданий ВАК при Министерстве образования и науки Российской Федерации —--—
