CC BY
50
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_309
COORDINATING SKILLS DEVELOPMENT DURING SPORTS TRAINING PROCESS OF PEOPLE GOING IN FOR COMBAT SPORTS USING SPECIFIC MOTOR TRAINING
TASKS
Minikhanov V. A.1
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Russian University of
Transport (MIET) " Russia, Moscow, [email protected]
Annotation. High development level of coordinating skills is necessary for sportsmen almost in all kinds of applied combat sports, as developed abilities of own coordinating skills control help to fulfill rationally technical actions and condition sports result. Success of teaching new motor actions and their mastered forms, demonstrated in all spheres of motor activity, depends on coordination development. Materials. The methodology of coordinating skills development creation and experimental substantiation during sports training process ofpeople going in for combat sports using specific motor training tasks. Methodological basis of the research was movements organization in accordance with the concept of multi-level system of voluntary movements management (N.A. Bernshteyn). Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, theoretical analysis and summarizing of a long-term experience of sports training and work with students of combat sports national teams senior trainer at Russian University of Transport. Results. As a result of theoretical and experimental research methodology is created of coordinating skills development during sports training of those, who go in for hand-to-hand combat, sambo, judo, using specific motor training tasks. The content of the offered in work methodology of coordinating skills development provides step by step pedagogical technology, which includes the following: definition of "coordinating ability " notion, orientation of pedagogical influences, methods, means, methodological techniques and parameters of a training load. The effectiveness of the methodology is checked during the pedagogical experiment. The results of the offered methodology of coordinating skills development can be used in pedagogical education at sports improvement and physical upbringing department during the lessons with sportsmen from pedagogical higher educational establishments, who cultivate the applied kinds of combat sports. Conclusion. The created methodology of coordinating skills development, using specific motor training tasks, conditioned coordinating skills improvement, which influence competitive activity and sportsmanship indices.
Keywords: development, coordinating skills, combat sports, training task.
For citations: Minikhanov V.A. Coordinating skills development during sports training process of people going in for combat sports using specific motor training tasks. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(2): 51-55. DOI 10.14526/02_2018_309
INTRODUCTION
Modern theory and practice of pedagogical education, physical upbringing and sports training consider coordinating skills to be the least studied motor qualities and defines them as one of the most important units, presenting difficult process, which is provided by the
functions of different systems of an organism. High development level of coordinating skills is necessary for sportsmen almost in all kinds of applied combat sports, as developed abilities of own coordinating skills control help to fulfill rationally technical actions and condition sports result. Success of teaching
new motor actions and their mastered forms, demonstrated in all spheres of motor activity, depends on coordination development [5, 6, 7, 10].
N.A. Bernshteyn describes coordination of movements as "overcoming excessive degrees of freedom of a moving organ, in other words, transforming the latter into a controlled system" [2, p. 96].
Under the influence of the training the ability of a motor coordination improves. The methodology of specific motor-coordinating skills development creation, during combat sports lessons, is based on the methodology and theory of coordinating abilities development, on physical upbringing and sports training regularities functioning [1, 4, 10, 11, 12].
The aim: to create the methodology of coordinating skills development among those, who go in for combat sports. The objective: to create specific motor training tasks, directed at coordinating skills development among those, who go in for combat sports.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Methods and research organization. The aim of the research realization was organized using the methods of pedagogical literature analysis, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics (two tailed Student's t-test for free sampling), interpretation. Calculations were held according to analysis tool pack Microsoft Excel of initial data statistical handling. RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION
Coordinating skills development during sports training, using specific motor training tasks, provides the definite methodology use. Methodology is the set of methods, means and methodical techniques, directed at the definite results achievement in sports training. The aim of the coordinating skills development methodology is training tasks selection. G.N. Germanov offered the ratio of the training task structural elements, including the aim; the objectives of the training task directed at teaching, technical-tactical mastery improvement and physical readiness
development. A training task should include a technological form of organization taking into account the parameters of a training load. The final result of the influence is the training effect [4].
The content of the offered coordinating skills development methodology during the lessons of combat sports provides step by step pedagogical technology, which includes the definition of "coordinating skills" notion, orientation of pedagogical influences, methods, means (training tasks), methodical techniques and parameters of the training load.
Let's reveal the content of step by step pedagogical technology of coordinating skills development during combat sports lessons by the example of body position preservation development, balance holding, demonstrated in terms of competitive activity in hand-to-hand combat, sambo, judo, kickboxing and others.
1. Definition of the notion. Balance holding during motor actions fulfillment is the ability to hold a steady body position and keeping balance as the parameter of coordination, which is conditioned by the ability to preserve body steadiness and its separate parts in statistical, dynamic actions or keeping balance standing on two feet, on one leg, at a knee [10].
Specific motor coordinating skills of those, who go in for combat sports are achieved as a result of gained abilities and skills, conditioned by the demands of competitive activity, demonstrated in timeliness, accuracy and coordination in space and time movements of the separate body parts, expediency of integral motor actions organization, quickness of movements change in accordance with the changing dynamic situations, appearing during a sports combat [8, p. 60].
2. Orientation of pedagogical influences is in the separate parameters of coordinating skills development, which are conditioned by the demands of competitive activity. Theoretical analysis [8, 10, 11, 12] helped to define 26 parameters of coordinating skills, which
include accuracy, quickness of teaching motor actions, body position preservation, balance keeping and others.
3. The methods of the separate parameters of coordinating skills development are diversified enough. Let's name some of them:
- the method of the alternating exercise- the method of strictly and not strictly regulated variation of physical loads: active, passive and combined, directed at an adequate irritation of vestibular apparatus [7, p. 196, 10, p. 166-168];
- the method of the directed conjugation, which provides motor coordinating skills development and the separate phases of technical-tactical action fulfillment [1, 4, 11, 13, 14];
- competitive and gaming technology [5, 8].
4. Means of coordinating skills development of pedagogical influences specific orientation provide training tasks creation. The methodology of balance formation provides training tasks selection. A training task is an executive form of a purposeful technical action motor objective for the demanded training effects achievement. A training task is a minimal motor unit of educational process and has its structural-functional similarity to the units of higher levels, to a lesson, micro cycle [4, 7, p. 196].
For those, who go in for combat sports in order to develop balance it is recommended to fulfill the following special training tasks:
- after vestibular apparatus irritation use rolls, shadow boxing, 180°, 360° body rotation in different planes jumping;
- balance keeping in static and dynamic poses in terms of motor obstacles, created by previous or concomitant rotatory influences of an opponent, quick attack with hands and legs strikes;
- training combats during which a sportsman gains the skills of masses general center and the separate parts of body moving with rhythmic parameters of movements change in terms of the increasing tiredness;
- different tasks setting for a partner. For example, a partner reproduces the definite body positions, realizing technical actions,
with different speed and power as a response to the actions, which make the set movements fulfillment easier or complicate them; - selective influence on vestibular apparatus function is recommended by means of close games, training making close and contrast tasks, training simulators, swing, centrifuges use [8, p. 18].
A model complex of exercises for balance keeping by the example of karate offers Y.V. Filippova with other authors. A complex includes walking along restricted plane with turns, not violating the balance, standing on one leg in terms of distorting factors: head rotations, body rotations with the eyes closed and open [14].
5. Methodical techniques. Methodical technique is the way to influence, which is realized in some definite conditions in terms of the definite objectives solution. They include methodical techniques of strictly set private characteristics of the mastered motor attacking and defensive tactical motor actions [10, p. 175].
6. Parameters of physical training load. Physical load in a training task is characterized by the following parameters: character of exercises (according to relative number of the muscles, involved into physical activity: global, regional and local influence), intensity and duration of physical work, duration and character of the intervals of rest between the separate training tasks and the series of training tasks [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13]. This methodology is checked during the forming pedagogical experiment, which was held on the basis of the Russian University of Transport. The revealed real values of coordinating skills before the experiment in both groups according to all indices were statistically not valid (P>0,05-0,01).
The control group included students, who went in for combat sports. The lessons in control group were held according to generally adopted methodology of training. The experimental group also included sportsmen-students, who go in for combat sports. In this group educational-training
activity was held according to created by us methodology.
The table presents readiness indices results among students from the control and the experimental groups after the forming
pedagogical experiment. The indices of specific coordinating skills, attack reliability, defense in standing position combat and sportsmanship validly improved.
Table - Readiness indices of sportsmen, who go in for combat sports, after the forming pedagogical experiment (X±m)_
1. 2. Readiness indices 3. After t ie experiment 4. t 5. P
6. control (n=10) 7. experimental (n=10)
8.Specific coordinating skills 9.7,32±0,37 10. 8,91±0,23 11. - 3,58 12. < 0,01
13. Attack reliability in standing position combat 14. 7,41±0,4 1 15. 8,26±0,35 16. - 1,99 17. < 0,05
18. Defense reliability in standing position combat 19. 6,20±0,4 5 20. 7,86±0,42 21. - 2,19 22. < 0,05
23. Sportsmanship, c.u. 24. 42,23±4, 3 25. 53,29±2,2 26. -1,98 27. < 0,05
Notes: X ±m - average value + standard error; < - differences between the groups are valid; t- two tailed Student's t-test for free sampling; P - the level of differences validity between the groups
Positive dynamics of readiness indices among sportsmen-students during combat sports lessons in the experimental group is conditioned by created methodology use. The results of the forming pedagogical experiment prove the effectiveness of the offered by us methodology of coordinating skills development, which influenced competitive activity indices and sportsmanship improvement. CONCLUSION
Modern theory and practice of pedagogical education, physical upbringing and sports training consider coordinating skills to be the least studied motor qualities. The offered methodology of step by step coordinating skills development during combat sports lessons includes the following: definition of "coordinating ability" notion, orientation of pedagogical influences, methods, means, methodological techniques and parameters of a training physical load.
The created methodology of coordinating skills development, using specific motor training tasks, conditioned coordinating skills improvement, which influence competitive activity and sportsmanship indices.
References
1. Akopyan, A.O., Kulagina L.A. Anticipation reaction in boxing. Vestnik sportivnoj nauki = Sports science bulletin. 2016; 6: 3-7 [In Russ., In Engl.].
2. Antsyperova V.V., Filippov M.V. The peculiarities of coordinating skills demonstration during technical-tactical actions fulfillment in judo. Sovremennye problem nauki I obrazovaniya. 2014; 5. URL: http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=14606.
3. Bernshteyn N.A. Ocherki po fiziologii dvizhenij I fiziologii aktivnosti [Physiology of movements and physiology of activity essays]. Moscow: Medicine. 1966: 349.
4. Germanov G.N., Tsukanova E.G., Novikova A.A. Pedagogical technology of step by step regulation of motor tasks, used in training young average distances runners. Uchenye zapiski Universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2011; 79(9): 50-58 [In Russ.].
5. Gorskaya I.Y., Afanaseva I.V., Revenko E.M. Ocenka I sovershenstvovanie koordinacionnyh
sposobnostej u studentov [Students' coordinating skills estimation and development]. Omsk: Siberian State Automobile-Engineering Institute. 2014: 213.
6. Eganov A.V. The model of training substantiation among judoists at the stage of individual abilities maximum realization. Sovremennye naukoemkie tehnologii. 2009; 5: 19-21 [In Russ.].
7. Eganov A.V. Teoriya I metodika sportivnoj trenirovki dzyudoistov [Theory and methodology of sports training of judoists]. Moscow: Theory and practice of physical culture and sport. 2014: 212.
8. Eganov A.V., Paketin D.A., Poznyakov G.P. Teoriya I metodika razvitiya dvigatel'no-koordinatsionnyh sposobnostej kursantov - shturmanov [Theory and methodology of motor-coordinating skills development among cadets- pilots]. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Order College of Pilots. 2017: 228.
9. Eganov V.A., Mironov A.O., Olin S.V. Methodology of training lessons organization, connected with coordinating skills demonstration, directed at effectiveness increase of defensive tactical-technical actions reliability fulfillment in applied combat sports. Uchenye zapiski Universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2011; 7(77): 63-68 [In Russ.].
10. Kolesnik I.S., Kuznetsov A.S., Petrov A.G. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of balance formation as one of the leading motor coordinations among boxers. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports. 2009; 2(11): 1-7. URL: http://www.journal-science.org/ru/article/407.html [In Russ., In Engl.].
11. Lyakh V.I. The most important for different kinds of sport coordinating skills and their
Submitted: 13.05.2018
value in technical and technical-tactical development (according to the materials of foreign literature).
Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 1988; 2: 56-59 [In Russ., In Engl.].
12. Nazarenko A.S., Chinkin A.S. The specificity of motor activity influence on vestibular-motor and vestibular-sensory reactions of sportsmen. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports. 2010; 3(16): 70-76. URL: http ://www. j ournal-science.org/ru/article/3 84.html. [In Russ., In Engl.].
13. Struikhin I.A., Minikhanov V.A., Eganov V.A. Pedagogical substantiation of the training influences orientation to tactical-technical actions by means of motor-coordinating training in Kyokushinkai. Sovremennye problem nauki I obrazovaniya. 2015; 4: 158-163 [In Russ.].
14. Filippova Y.V., Korzhenevskiy A.N., Kurguzov G.V. Adaptation of combatants to competitive loads. Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 2004; 1: 44-49 [In Russ., In Engl.].
15. Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Kuznetsova Z., 2017. Diagnostics of Functional State and Reserve Capacity of young Athletes' Organism. In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 111-115 (Scopus).
Minikhanov V. A. - Senior Teacher, Federal State Budgetary educational Establishment of Higher Education "Russian University of Transport (MIET)", 127994, Russia, Moscow, Obraztsova, str., House 9, Block 9, e-mail: vlminih@,mail.ru
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_310
TIREDNESS AND RECOVERY OF CADETS DURING ALTERNATING METHOD USE AT THE LESSONS OF EDUCATIONAL-TRAINING ORIENTATION
Pauesov S.A.1
