CC BY
8ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ (TECHNICAL SCIENCES) УДК 621.317
Pirieva N.M.
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, Associate Professor of the Department "Electromechanics" Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry (Azerbaijan, Baku)
Rahimli P.F.
Master of the Department "Electromechanics" Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry (Azerbaijan, Baku)
CONTROL OF CRANE MECHANISMS WITH ELECTRIC DRIVE FREQUENCY CONVERTER
Abstract: the article is devoted to the control of the electric drive of Crane mechanisms by means of a frequency converter. Eto 11kwt and 380V powered motor speed control via frequency converter and process control via programmable logic controller.
Keywords: crane, frequency converter, plc.
Cranes are an important part of many industries and construction sites used for lifting and transporting heavy loads. In recent years, technological progress has led to the development of electrical control systems for Crane mechanisms. One such system is a frequency converter, which allows you to more accurately control the movements of the crane. A frequency converter is an electronic device that converts electrical energy from one frequency to another. In Crane installations, it is used to adjust the speed and torque of the crane motor. The frequency converter is able to adjust the frequency of power supplied to the engine, which, in turn, changes the engine speed. Using a frequency converter to control crane movements has a number of advantages. First of all, this allows you to more accurately adjust the speed and torque of the crane. This is important when moving heavy loads, as even small changes in speed or moment can cause unexpected swing of the load. With a frequency converter, the operator can adjust the speed and torque of the crane very precisely to ensure the smooth and safe movement of the load.
Another benefit of using a frequency converter is that it can help reduce power consumption. By adjusting the power frequency supplied to the engine, the inverter can optimize engine performance to solve a specific problem. This can lead to significant energy savings over time, making the faucet more efficient. In addition to these advantages, the frequency converter also helps to reduce the wear of the mechanical components of the faucet. By precisely controlling the rotation speed and torque of the motor, it can help reduce the load on the reducer, pads and other crane components. This can extend the life of the faucet and reduce maintenance costs over time. In addition to these advantages, the frequency converter also helps to reduce the wear of the mechanical components of the faucet. By precisely controlling the rotation speed and torque of the motor, it can help reduce the load on the reducer, pads and other crane components. This can extend the life of the faucet and reduce maintenance costs over time. It takes several steps to install the frequency converter in the faucet system. First, it is necessary to evaluate the existing electrical system to determine the suitability of the inverter. This includes the assessment of the voltage and frequency of the power supply and the technical characteristics of the crane electric motor. After the system is evaluated, the inverter can be installed and configured in such a way as to provide the necessary control over engine speed and torque. In general, using a frequency converter to control the power transmission of Crane mechanisms has many advantages, including increasing accuracy, saving energy, and reducing the wear of mechanical components. Although the initial installation process is difficult, the long-term advantages of the system make it a profitable investment for any industry or construction site where Crane Works are used.
It should be noted that there are many different frequency converters, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most common types include Pulse Width Modulation converters, voltage source converters and current source converters. The type of inverter used will depend on the specific requirements for the crane system and factors such as cost and availability. Although the use of frequency converters in Crane mechanisms has led to significant improvements, it has
resulted in a number of errors and problems in the transmission of electrical energy. One of the main problems associated with the use of frequency converters is harmonic distortions, which can affect electrical components and lead to premature failures. Harmonic distortions occur when the frequency converter creates high-frequency harmonics that can upset the balance of the electrical system. The presence of harmonic distortions can lead to overheating of electrical components and, in severe cases, to their premature failure. Another problem that arises when using frequency converters is electrical noise. This type of noise can affect the operation of Crane mechanisms and lead to their malfunction or even failure. The occurrence of electrical interference is particularly problematic in critical applications, where any failure can have serious consequences [1-3]. To solve these problems, it is important to choose the appropriate frequency converter for a particular application and make sure it is configured and configured correctly. Using harmonic filters can also help reduce the impact of harmonic distortions, while proper grounding can help eliminate the risk of electrical interference. Regular maintenance and inspections should also be carried out to identify and resolve potential problems before causing malfunctions or interruptions. By following the recommendations on the use and operation of frequency converters, crane operators can ensure the reliability and efficiency of their devices. One of the most important factors to consider when choosing a frequency converter is the level of harmonic distortions it produces. The magnitude of the harmonic distortions caused by the frequency converter is measured by the total harmonic distortion coefficient (THD), expressed as a percentage. The rated power of the frequency converter determines the magnitude of the harmonic distortions it produces. A low THD level means that the frequency converter produces less harmonic distortion, while a high THD creates more. In addition to the Nominal THD value, it is important to consider the load to which the frequency converter will be exposed. Different types of loads, such as pumps, fans and compressors, have different power characteristics, which can affect the performance of the frequency converter. It is also important to make sure that the frequency converter has the correct dimensions for a particular application. If the frequency converter is
small, it cannot handle the load and may fail prematurely. On the other hand, if the frequency converter is too large, it can lead to increased harmonic distortions and higher power consumption.Installing and configuring a frequency converter are also critical factors that can affect its performance. The frequency converter should be installed in vibration-free, high temperature and moisture-free conditions. Proper grounding is also important to eliminate the risk of electrical interference [5,6]. In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of frequency converters in the power transmission of Crane mechanisms can significantly increase their productivity and efficiency. However, it is important to consider the potential problems that may arise from these.
By connecting the Q1 network switch, we supply the power and control circuits with voltage to their inputs. After connecting the Q2 three-phase switch, the input of the transformer T1, which we consider for the control circuit, receives food and creates a voltage at its output corresponding to the voltage consumed by the elements of the control circuit (fiq. 1). The Q3 circuit breaker supplies voltage to the Second Circuit of the ILA T1 transformer. When squeezed into the button S1, the winding of the KMI contactor receives food voltage data from the power circuit to the inputs R(LI), s(L71), T(L2) of the ATV 3 frequency converter. The KM I contactor simultaneously shunts the button S1 through the Block Contact (13 14 points).If there is no fault in the frequency converter, then the contacts R1A and R1C are also closed. U(TI), V(T2), W(T3) ends of the frequency converter are connected to the clamps U1, v1, W1 of the engine. When the frequency converter gives +24V to the LIl input, the engine will rotate in one direction, and when the LI2 input gives +24V, the engine will rotate in the opposite direction when reversing, and when the frequency converter inputs LI3, LI4, LI5 and LI6 alternately give +24V, its frequency and voltage change, and the corresponding mechanical characteristics
Fiq. 1 Connection and control scheme of the Altivar 71 type frequency converter to the asynchronous motor
Figure 2 gives the scheme of the commandocontrol vehicle control of the system" ATV 71 - asynchrome engine".Here GR - voltage relay is the connection of contacts of zero protection relay (I>) and heat protection relay (TR).When changing the position of the commando-controller by connecting relays with type (Q1 - Q6) and giving +71 V to the control inputs of ATV 1 - L6 (L24), the engine will receive suitable mechanical characteristics of the engine. Electrical blocking was carried out between these relays to prevent the reversible Q1 and Q2 relays from being connected at the same time.The YHA - limit switch is used to limit the movement of cargo at maximum height in the direction of the collar. The YHA Switch is connected in the circuit of the winding of the relay Q1.The following porgram can be loaded and used in the PMK that meets IEC 61131-3, regardless of the PMK we wrote.The advantages of writing in
this language are that the code becomes readable and it is easier to write cod on a larger scale.
Fig.2 Working digits of A1-A5 resistance element and output signals (Q1-Q6)
The code of the work principle of the cran is written in ST language. IF Z1 >=1 AND NOT MAXSIMAL_CERAYAN_RELESI AND NOT TERMIKI_RELE THEN
GERGINLIK_RELESI:=TRUE; ELSE
IF ( Z1 >= 1) AND NOT GERGINLIK_RELESI THEN
QEZA_LAMPASI:=TRUE;
END_IF;
END_IF;
IF GERGINLIK_RELESI AND YUXARI_ISTIQAMETDE_HEREKET AND Z1>1 AND NOT YUXARI_LIMIIT_ACHARI AND NOT ASHGI_IST_HERKET_RELESI_V THEN
YUXARI_IST_HERKET_RELESI:=TRUE;
ELSIF GERGINLIK_RELESI AND ASHGI_IST_HERKET_RELESI AND Z1>1 AND NOT YUXARI_IST_HERKET_RELESI_V THEN ASHGI_IST_HERKET_RELESI:=TRUE; END_IF;
IF (2 <= Z1) AND (Z1 <= 4) THEN INVERTOR_DI_L3: =TRUE;
END_IF;
IF (4<= Z1) AND (Z1 <=6) THEN INVERTOR_DI_L4 :=TRUE; END_IF;
IF (8<= Z1) AND (Z1<=10) THEN INVERTOR_DI_L5 :=TRUE; The result
Consequently, cranes are indispensable machines used in various fields for lifting, transporting and transporting heavy loads. There are several types of Crane mechanisms, each of which is designed for a specific application. It is important to choose the right type of faucet for your business to ensure that it is safe and efficient.
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4. Application of Field Oriented Control in Crane Drives, Proc. IEEE-IAS, Annual Meeting, Dearborn, Michigan, USA, September 28-October 4, 1991, pp. 347-353.
5. Hartani, K. & Miloud, Y. (2010). Control Strategy for Three Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier Based on the Space Vector Modulation, Advances in Electrical and Computer Eng., Vol.10, Issue 3, pp. 61-65. Jeftenic B., Bebic M. & Statkic S. (2006).
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