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UDK 101
Yusubov J. K. senior teacher National University of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan, Tashkent city
CONTRIBUTION OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN SCIENTIST ABU NASR AL FARABI TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PHILOSOPHICAL
THOUGHT
Annotation: In this article highlights of contribution of the central asian scientist Abu Nasr al Farabi to the development of world philosophical thought.
Key words: Al-Farabi, philosophy, education, development.
Science in its development is based on the historical experience of the wisdom of past eras. Our great ancestors, such as Muhammad al-Khorezmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Mirzo Ulugbek and many others, are known all over the world for their outstanding discoveries in mathematics, astronomy, geodesy, Mineralogy, pharmacology, medicine, social science, and philosophy. Thus, the first use of the concepts algorithm and zero, the decimal system, is associated with the name of Khorezmi. Mirzo Ulugbek built an Observatory in Samarkand and created star tables there that were particularly accurate. The work of Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, "the Canon of medical science" was studied by medical students in the most famous European universities for about five centuries. Among these thinkers in the development of world philosophical thought of the special place is occupied by the views of the founder of the Arabic-speaking peripatetism, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, who is also considered the founder of humanistic traditions, moral beliefs of the medieval East, a disciple and follower of the ideas of the greatest Greek thinkers, scientists, while still living in the East earned the honorary nickname " Muallimus Soni", which means "the Second Teacher", which defined his place behind the famous Aristotle.
Many researchers of al-Farabi's scientific heritage note its great significance for further, more effective introduction to both universal and traditional Eastern spiritual values. His socio-political and ethical views have had a great influence on the formation and development of philosophy, both in Uzbekistan and in many countries of the world.
The first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov in his report at the International scientific-practical conference "Contribution of Uzbekistan to development of Islamic civilization", held in August 2007 in Tashkent said: "the Priceless heritage of great ancestors, containing a broad encyclopedic knowledge, deep ideas and thoughts, and still has not lost its scientific and practical importance, of course, plays a huge role in solving the most pressing challenges that confronts mankind today's complex and anxious time, in an objective and impartial interpretation and explanation of the true essence of our religion, it helps to guide the young generation on the right path, entering into independent life with high hopes" [1].
"Muallimus Soni" wrote comments on almost all of Aristotle's works-on logic "First Analytics", "Second Analytics", "on interpretation", "Topic", "Categories", and on natural science works-" Ethics"," Rhetoric"," Poetics"," Metaphysics"," Sophistry", and others. In addition, he prefixed comments to the" Almagest " of Ptolemy," On the soul "of Alexander of Aphrodesia, to separate chapters of Euclid's "Geometry", and Porphyry's "Isagogue".
Farabi's paraphrases to the works of Aristotle not only contributed to the wide dissemination of the ideas of the great Stagirite, but also within the scope of the subject of his works provided rich material for the study of the social and philosophical views of Abu Nasr himself. These paraphrases reflect both Farabi's attitude to Aristotle and his attitude to various philosophical problems. Based on the political and ethical ideas of the Greek philosophers, especially Plato and Aristotle, and using the social ideas of the ancient East, al-Farabi developed a coherent theory of social structure.
Farabi made a significant contribution to musicology. His main work in this field is the "Great book of music", which is an important source of information about the music of the East and the ancient Greek music system. In this work, he noted that only hearing is crucial in determining sounds. The teachings of al-Farabi about the formation of a morally perfect person, a virtuous city, justice, equality, society, peace, and happiness, become especially relevant in connection with the processes of globalization of the world, and the construction of the unity of the world community. According to Farabi, the perfection of a person, the formation of his virtues is a process that lasts all his life and ends with death, so "a person should love life, since it gives him the opportunity to do good and achieve happiness" [2]. Asserting the possibility of achieving happiness in earthly life, the philosopher associated the realization of happiness with a real human being with all its weaknesses, advantages and disadvantages, and not with the Islamic ideal of a righteous person who strictly follows religious precepts. The encyclopedic philosopher defends the equality of people in the right to happiness: "I say," he wrote, "that every human being, from the very beginning of his existence, has an innate ability by which his actions, States of his soul, power, and distinctions can become what they should be".
Farabi scholar A. Kh. Kasymzhanov notes that "the Legacy of al-Farabi, which incorporated a variety of cultural traditions, indicates the failure of Eurocentrism and asiocentrism, because in the development between different cultures there is not just an analogy, but borrowing, influence, continuity, struggle, etc. contacts were not only multilateral, but also, more importantly, mutually stimulating, mutually enriching". Farabi was truly a world-class man, who brought together and synthesized in his work the most valuable achievements of Arabic, Persian, Greek, Indian and his own Turkic culture. E. E. Bertels wrote about the thinker: "al-Farabi is the author of the greatest creations. Al-Farabi's legacy is limitless and diverse. He contributed to almost all areas of science at the time: ethics, politics, psychology, natural science, and music!... Al-Farabi was a great mathematician, but he perfectly mastered all the basics of theoretical medicine. He
wrote a huge number of works on music theory. He was widely known as a composer and is the Creator of a new musical instrument. "
The value orientations of morality and spirituality set out in the works of not only al-Farabi, but also other figures of the past, are fully consistent with the requirements of the present time, they serve as a step for deepening the processes of self-improvement of a person and expanding knowledge about a person. The greatest merit of the thinkers of the middle ages is that they expressed ideas about universal, social and state development based on the ideas of humanism, education and mutual respect. These scientists were distinguished by high academic mobility and played a significant role in the formation of Sciences in various countries of the East, the expansion of interchange between regions and continents, and the development of world civilization as a whole.
References:
1. Karimov I. A. Participants of the International scientific and practical conference "Uzbekistan's Contribution to the development of Islamic civilization" / Liberalizing society, deepening reforms, improving the spirituality and standard of living of the people — the criterion and goal of all our spirituality. In 15 volumes-Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2007. Vol. 15.
2. Farxodjonova, N. (2019). FEATURES OF MODERNIZATION AND INTEGRATION OF NATIONAL CULTURE. Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University, 1(2), 167-172.
