CC BY
14UDC: 615.9.1/4X-47
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MEDICINES USED IN OPHTHALMIC DISEASES
1Khidoyatova Zulfiya Sharifovna, 2Yusupova Ziyodakhon Kadyrkhanovna
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department "Organization of Pharmaceutical Business" of Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute 2Assistant of the Department "Organization of Pharmaceutical Business" of Tashkent
Pharmaceutical Institute https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7984843
Abstract. An analysis of the range of drugs used in ophthalmic diseases registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan showed that they are represented in the pharmaceutical market of Uzbekistan by such dosage forms as oral solutions, solutions for drops, ointments and gels. The number of registered medicines in the State Register for 2022 amounted to 104 items. Content analysis was used as a technique. The main objective of the ongoing study of the pharmaceutical market is to determine the share of domestic manufacturers in connection with the adoption of appropriate measures by government authorities to develop domestic pharmaceutical manufacturers.
Keywords: content-analysis, assortment, medicines used in ophthalmic diseases, essential drugs list, state register of medicines.
INTRODUCTION. Ophthalmology is a field of medicine that studies the eye, its anatomy, physiology and diseases, as well as developing methods for the treatment and prevention of eye diseases. The eye (Latin oculus) is a sensory organ (organ of the visual system) of humans and animals, which has the ability to perceive electromagnetic radiation in light wavelength range and providing the function of vision. In humans, about 90% of the information from the outside world comes through the eye. The development of the visual system reaches maturity at the age of about 20 years and remains stable until the age of 30, with the exception of cases when changes in vision may occur in women during pregnancy. For this reason, at this stage of life, the replacement of glasses and contact lenses is negligible.
The most common vision problems in adults under 40, at this age, in addition to refraction (nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism), eye injuries are a fairly common problem. About 75% of eye injuries occur in men between the ages of 18 and 40. Half of these injuries occur at home, often while doing repairs or playing sports, which can be avoided by using special eye protection techniques (safety glasses).
The modern pharmaceutical market of Uzbekistan is characterized by a steady growth in the product range. During the last decade there have been significant expansions, replenishment and deepening of the range of all major groups of medical and pharmaceutical products.
METHODS. To conduct this study, the data provided in the State Register of medicines, medical devices and medical equipment approved for use in medical practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2022 (No. 26) were used.
RESULTS. This publication studied the range of medicines used for ophthalmic diseases registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The range of medicines used for ophthalmic diseases in the State Register for 2022 is represented by 104 assortment positions, manufacturers of such dosage forms as drops, ointment and gel.
Table 1 presents domestically produced medicines used for ophthalmic diseases, included in the State Register of Uzbekistan for 2022.
Table 1
Medicines used in ophthalmic diseases of domestic production, registered in the Republic
of Uzbekistan
№ The name of drug Dosage form Manufacturer
1 MR Taufon Taurine Eye drops 40mg/ml 5 ml, 10 ml (dropper bottles) Merrymed Farm, LLS Uzbekistan
2 Kerotrop Comb.drug (Carboxymet hylcellulosa Sodium,Glyc erin) Eye drops 10 ml N1 (bottles-droppers) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
3 Monodeks Dexamethaso ne Eye drops 0.05%, 0.1% 5 ml, 10 ml (polymer vials) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
4 Pressimol Timolol maleat Eye drops 0.25%, 0.5% 5 ml (dropper bottles) Jurabek Laboratories, JS LLS Uzbekistan
5 Rekbrinzan Brinzolamide Eye drops, suspension 10 mg/ml 5 ml N1 (vials) REKA-MED FARM, LLS Uzbekistan
6 Taumed Taurine Eye drops 2%, 4% 5 ml, 10 ml (polymer bottles with cork dropper) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
7 Taurin Taurin Eye drops 40 mg/ml 5 ml, 10 ml (vials) Reka-Med Farm, JSV Uzbekistan
8 Taufon JL Taurine Eye drops 4% 5 ml, 10 ml (dropper bottles) Jurabek Laboratories, JSV Uzbekistan
9 Timalol Timolol Eye drops 0.25%, 0.5% 5 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml (vials) Dentafill Plyus, LLS Uzbekistan
10 1Timobrinzol Comb.drug (Brinzolamid e, timolol) Eye drops, suspension 5 ml (dropper bottles) REKA-MED FARM, JSV Uzbekistan
11 1Timolol Timolol maleate Eye drops 0.25%; 0.5% 5 ml, 10 ml N1 (vials) Reka-Med Farm, JSV Uzbekistan
12 Timopress Eye drops 0.25%, 0.5% 5 ml, 10 ml (polymer vials) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
Timolol maleate*
13 Tobradrop -DX Comb.drug (Tobramycin, Dexamethaso ne) Eye drops 5 ml, 10 ml (bottles-droppers) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
14 Sinozol Comb.drug (Zinc sulfat, boric acid) Eye drops 10 ml N1 (dropper bottles) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
15 SiproMER Ciprofloxacin Eye drops 3 mg/ml, 5 ml (dropper bottles) Merrymed Farm, LLS Uzbekistan
16 1Emoksikam Methylethylp iridinol hydrochlorid e Eye drops 1% 5 ml (vials) MEDIOFARM, LLS Uzbekistan
17 1Emotrop Methylethylp iridinol Eye drops 1% 5 ml N1 (bottles-droppers) Aseptica, LLS Uzbekistan
18 Taufon-MF Taurine Eye drops 4% 10 ml (vials) Mediofarm, LLS Uzbekistan
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, an analysis of the range of medicines used for ophthalmic diseases included in the State Register of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2022 showed that medicines of domestic manufacturers are 18 items in drops (vials)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Fig.1 Quantitative ratio of registered medicines used in ophthalmic diseases.
The diagram shows the quantitative ratio of registered medicines used in ophthalmic diseases of domestic production.
Table 2 presents medicines used for ophthalmic diseases produced in the CIS countries, included in the State Register of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022.
Table 2
Medicinal products of manufacturers of the CIS countries, used in ophthalmic diseases,
registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan
№ Name of drug Dosage form Manufacturer
1 Aktipol M Eye drops 0.007% 5 ml N1 AKTI-M, NPMP,LLC
Aminibenzoic acid (dropper bottles) by Slavyanskaya
pharmacy, LLC
Russia
2 Betaxolin Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml N1 Groteks,LLC
Betaxolol (bottle - droppers) Russia
3 ViziDol Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml N1 Likvor, CJSC
Ketorolac (bottle) Armenia
4 Viksipin Eye drops 1% 5 ml, 10 ml Groteks,LLC
Methylethylpiridinol (vials) Russia
5 Hydrocortisonum Eye ointment 0.5% 3 g, 5 g Tathhimpharmaceuticals,
Hydrocortisone (tubes) Russia
6 Dorzolan®Solo Eye drops 20 mg/ml 5 ml N1 Groteks,LLC
Dorzolamide (vials) Russia
7 Dorzolan®Extra Eye drops 20 mg/ml + 5 Groteks,LLC
Comb.drug mg/ml 5 Russia
(Dorzolamide + ml N1 (vials)
Timolol)
8 Lanotan Eye drops 0.05 mg/ml 2.5 ml Farmak, PJSC
Latanoprost N1 Ukraine
(bottle - droppers)
9 Mydoptic Eye drops 2.5% 10 ml N1, Likvor, JSV
Phenylephrine* N10 Armenia
(bottle - dropper
polyethylene)
10 Oftimol Eye drops 5 mg/ml 5 ml, 10 Farmak, PJSC
Timolol ml Ukraine
(vials)
11 Oftimol Eye drops 5 mg/ml 5 ml, 10 Farmak, PJSC
Timolol ml Ukraine
(vials)
12 Pilocarpinum Pilocarpine* Eye drops 1% 5 ml (vials) Sintez, LLC Russia
13 Sigida kristall Naphazoline Eye drops 0.05% 0.4 ml N10, N20, N30 (dropper tube) Groteks,LLC Russia
14 Taurinum Taurine Eye drops 4%, 5 ml, 10 ml (dropper bottle) Dosfarm, TOO Kazakhstan
15 Taurinum-AKOS Taurine Eye drops 4% 5 ml (bottle -droppers) Sintez, LLC Russia
16 Taufon Taurin Eye drops 40 mg/ml 5 ml N3, 10ml N1 (vials complete with dropper cap) GNTsLS,JSV produced by Pharmex Group, LLC Ukraine
17 Taufon Taurine Eye drops 40 mg/ml 10 ml (vials) Farmak, PJSC Ukraine
18 Thiotriazolinum Thiotriazoline* Eye drops 10 mg/ml 5 ml (vials with dropper cap) GNTsLS OZ, LLC Ukraine
19 Emoxi optik Metiletilperidinol* Eye drops 1% 5 ml (vials) Sintez, LLC Russia
20 Emoksipin Emoxypine Solution, eye drops 10 mg/ml 5 ml N1 (bottle with cap dropper) Belmedpreparaty, Republican unitary enterprise Belarus
21 ViziPres Dorzolamide Eye drops 2% 5 ml (bottle droppers) Likvor, CJSC Armenia
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, an analysis of the range of medicines used for ophthalmic diseases included in the State Register of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2022 showed that medicines from the CIS countries comprise 21 items, of which 20 are eye drops (vials), 1 ointment.
The results of the study showed that in the range of drugs used in ophthalmic diseases of domestic production there are drops (bottle) and ointment.
Fig.2 Quantitative ratio of registered medicines used in ophthalmic diseases.
The diagram shows the quantitative ratio of registered medicines used for ophthalmic diseases in the CIS countries.
The aim of the study was to study the range of composition of medicines used for ophthalmic diseases manufactured in the CIS countries registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
For a deeper and more comprehensive study of the range of drugs used in ophthalmic diseases, registered drugs used in foreign countries were also studied.
Table 3
Medicinal products of foreign manufacturers used for ophthalmic diseases registered in the
Republic of Uzbekistan
№ Name of drug Dosage form Manufacturer
1 ROHTO® Eye drops 0.6% 13 ml Rohto Pharmaceutical Co.,
MOISTURIZING (dropper bottles) Ltd., Japan manufactured by:
(Ronto) Rohto-Mentholatum (Vietnam)
Hydroxyethylcellulos Co.,Ltd
e Vietnam
2 Azarga Drops eye suspension (10 Novartis Pharma AG,
Comb.drug mg/ml + Switzerland Produced by: s.a.
(Brinzolamide, 5 mg/ml) 5 ml each Alcon Couvreur n.v.
Timolol) (dropper bottle) Belgium
3 AZOPT Eye drops 10 mg/ml, 5 ml Novartis Pharma AG,
Brinzolamide (dropper bottle) Switzerland Produced by: s.a. Alcon Couvreur n.v. Belgium
4 Aykul Eye drops 0.5% 10 ml Axa Parental Ltd
Sodium (bottles- India
carboxymethyl droppers)
cellulose
5 Akvatim Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml Aquarius Enterprises, India
Timolol (dropper bottles) Produced by: East African (India) Overseas India
6 Akvatsipro-D Drops eye / ear 5 ml N1 Aquarius Enterprises, India
Comb.drug (dropper bottles made by: East Africa
(Ciprofloxacin, (India) Overseas
Dexamethasone) India
7 Aksadeks-M Eye drops 0.5%/0.1% 10 ml AXA PARENTERALS LTD
Comb.drug N1 India
(Moxifloxacin (vials))
hydrochloride,
dexamethasone)
8 Apisopt Plus Eye drops 20 mg/ml+5 Amman Pharmaceutical
Comb.drug mg/ml 5 ml Industries Co.
(Dorzolamide, (dropper bottles) Jordan
Timolol)
9 Arutimol Timolol Eye drops 0.25%; 0.5% 5 ml (vials) Baush Health, Ltd., Russia produced by: Dr.Gerhard Mann Chem.-Pharm. Fabric GmbH Germany
10 Bimoptik Plus Romfarm Comb.drug (Bimatoprost, timolol) Eye drops 0.3 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml 3 ml N1, N3 (dropper bottles) S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania
11 Blotim Timolol maleate Eye drops 0.5%, 5 ml (vials REMINGTON PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD Pakistan
12 Brineks Brinzolamide Eye drops 1% 5 ml N1 (bottle with dropper cap) Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd India
13 Brinzoks Brinzolamide Eye drops 1%, 5 ml (dropper bottle) Ajanta Pharma Limited India
14 Brinzopt Plus Comb.drug (Brinzolamide, timolol) Eye drops 10 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml 5 ml (dropper bottles) S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania
15 Brinzopt Brinzolamide Eye drops, suspension 10 mg/ml 5 ml (dropper bottle) S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania
16 BRITIM (britim) Comb.drug (Brimonidine*, Timolol) Eye drops 5 ml (bottles droppers) REMINGTON PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD Pakistan
17 Vizin Tetryzoline hydrochloride Eye drops 0.05% 15 ml N1 (dropper bottles) Johnson & Johnson LLC, Russia manufactured by: Janssen Pharmaceutics N.V. Belgium
18 Glaumaks Plus Comb.drug (Dorzolamide, Timolol) Eye drops 20 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml N1 (vials) JARDAN-GALENSKI LABORATORIJ d.d. Croatia
19 DEXOFORT® Comb.drug (Dexamethasone, ofloxacin) Eye drops 1 mg + 3 mg / 1 ml, 5 ml (dropper bottle) Sante (Private) Limited., Pakistan Made: Elko Organization (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan
20 DITREF Comb.drug (Polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol) Eye drops 15 ml N1 (dropper bottles) World Medicine Ila9 San. ve tick. A.§. Turkiye
21 Dorzopt Plus Comb.drug (Dorzolamide, timolol) Eye drops 20 mg/ml + 5 mg/ml, 5 ml each (dropper bottle) S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania
22 Dukressa Comb.drug (Dexamethasone, Levofloxacin) Eye drops 1 mg/ml+5 mg/ml 5 ml N1 (vials) Santen OY, Finland issuing control quality: Santen OY, Finland, produced: Tubilux Pharma S.P.A. Italy
23 Duoprost Comb.drug (Latanoprost, timolol) Eye drops 2.5 ml (dropper bottle) S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania nia
24 Intramol Timolol Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml N1 (dropper bottles) Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd Bangladesh
25 Iobrim Brimonidine tartrate Eye drops 5 ml (bottles-droppers) FDC LIMITED India usha
26 Iotim-B Comb.drug (Brimonidine, Timolol) Eye drops 5 ml N1 (dropper bottles) FDC Limited India
27 Cardexin Comb.drug (Dexamethasone, neomycin) Drops eye and ear 0.1% + 0.5% 5 ml each (dropper bottles) KARAN HEALTHCARE (P) LTD, India manufactured by: ALPA LABORATORIES LTD India
28 Cataxol Azapentacene* Eye drops 0.015% 15 ml N1 (dropper bottles) World Medicine Ophthalmics IlaclarI Ltd. Sti., Turkey produced by: World Medicine Ilac San. ve Tic. A.S. Turkiye
29 CATARAX Azapentacene* Eye drops-solution 0.015% 15 ml (dropper bottle) S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania
30 KO-DORZAL Eye drops 5 ml (dropper Sante (Private) Limited
Comb.drug bottles) Pakistan
(Dorzolamide,
Timolol)
31 KORNEREGEL Dexpanthenol Eye gel 50 mg/g 5 g (tubes) Baush Health, Ltd., Russia produced by: Dr.Gerhard Mann Chem.-pharm. Factory GmbH Germany
32 XALANOL Eye drops 2.5 ml (dropper Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Comb.drug (Timolol bottles) Bangladesh
maleate,
Latanoprost)
33 Xalaprost Eye drops 0.005% 2.5 ml Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Latanoprost (dropper bottles) Bangladesh
34 XALATHAN® Eye drops 0.005% 2.5 ml Pfizer HCP Corporation, USA,
Latanoprost (vials) USA made: Pfizer MFG. Belgium N.V. Belgium
35 XOLATIM Eye drops 20 mg/ml+5 Deva Holding A.S.
Comb.drug mg/ml 5 ml Türkiye
(Dorzolamide (dropper bottles)
hydrochloride,
Timolol)
36 LAKOMA Eye drops 0.005% 2.5 ml Ajanta Pharma Limited
Latanoprost (vials) India
37 L-DEXOPT Eye drops 5 mg/ml + 1 S.C. Rompharm Company
Comb.drug mg/ml 5 ml S.R.L.
(Levofloxacin,dexam (dropper bottle) Romania
ethasone phosphate)
38 LOPROSTAN Eye drops 0.005% + 0.5% Amman Pharmaceutical
Comb.drug 2.5 ml Industries
(Latanoprost + N1 (dropper bottle) Иордания
timolol)
39 MAXITROL® Eye drops 5 ml (dropper Novartis Pharma AG,
Comb.drug bottle) Switzerland Produced by: s.a.
(Dexamethasone, Alcon Couvreur n.v.
neomycin, Belgium
polymyxin B)
40 MEDETROM Eye drops, suspension 3 World Medicine Ophthalmics
Comb.drug mg/ml + 1 Ilaclari Ltd Sti., Türkiye
(Tobramycin, mg/ml 5 ml N1 (dropper produced by: World Medicine
Dexamethasone) bottles) Ilac San. Ve Tic. A.S. Türkiye
41 MIDRIMAX Eye drops 5 ml (bottles- Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd
Comb.drug droppers) India
(Phenylephrine
hydrochloride,
Tropicamide)
42 MOXY-D Eye drops 10 ml (dropper Laborate Pharmaceuticals
Comb.drug bottles) India Ltd
(Moxifloxacin India
hydrochloride,
Dexamethasone
sodium phosphate
43 MOSI-D Eye drops 5 ml N1 (dropper FDC Limited
Comb.drug bottles) India
(Moxifloxacin,
dexamethasone)
44 TIMATE Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml N1 AXA PARENTERALS LTD
Timolol maleate (dropper bottles) India
45 TIMOLENS Eye drops 5 mg/ml 5 ml Belinda Limited,
Timolol (vials) Great Britain produced by: Balkanpharma Razgrad AD Bulgaria
46 TIMOLOL- Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml (vials Aristopharma Ltd
ORVILLE droppers) Bangladesh
Timolol maleate
47 TIMORITE Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml N1 VIV Life LLP., India
Timolo (vials) manufactured by: Vivimed Labs Limited India
48 TIMOT Eye drops 0.25% 5 ml Swiss Parental Ltd.
Timolol (dropper bottles) India
49 T-LOL Eye drops 0.5% 5 ml Life Pharma Systems LLP,
Timolol (dropper bottles) Great Britain manufactured by Divine Laboratories Pvt. Ltd India
50 TOBRA-D Drops eye and ear 10 ml Laborate Pharmaceuticals
Comb.drug (plastic bottles) India Ltd
(Tobramycin sulfate, India
Dexamethasone
sodium phosphate
51 TOBRASON Eye drops 5 ml (dropper bottles) Amman Pharmaceutical Industries Co. Jordan
Comb.drug
(Dexametazone,
Tobramycin)
52 TOBRIMED Eye drops 0.3% 5 ml World Medicine Ila9 San. ve
Tobramycin (dropper bottle) tick. A.§. Turkiye
53 TOBROM Eye drops 0.3% 5 ml S.C. Rompharm Company
Tobramycin (bottle) S.R.L. Romania
54 TRAVAPRESS Eye drops 0.04 mg/ml 2.5 S.C.Rompharm Company
ROMPHARM ml N1 (dropper bottle) S.R.L.
Travoprost Romania
55 PHENIDEX Eye drops 10 ml (dropper Amman Pharmaceutical
Comb.drug bottles) Industries Co.
(Dexametasone,chlor Jordan
amphenicol)
56 FILARMEX Eye drops 5 ml N1 (dropper Belinda Laboratories LLP,
Comb.drug bottles) Great Britain
(Dexamethasone, produced:
neomycini sulfas, Balkanpharma-Razgrad AD
polymyxini B sulfas) Bulgaria
57 FOTIL® FORTE Comb.drug (Timolol maleate, pilocarpine) Eye drops 5 ml (bottles) Santen Oy, Finland manufactured by: NextPharma Oy Finland
58 FOTYL® Comb.drug (Timolol maleate, pilocarpine) Eye drops 5 ml (bottles) Santen Oy, Finland manufactured by: NextPharma Oy Finland
59 FUTARON Eye drops, suspension 1% 5 World Medicine Ophthalmics
Fusidic acid* g N1 (dropper bottles) IlaclarI Ltd. Turkey produced by: World Medicine Ilac San. ve Tic. A.S. Turkiye
60 HYLORA Eye drops 0.15% 10 ml N1 World Medicine Ophthalmics
sodium hyaluronate (dropper bottles) ilaclari Ltd. Sti., Turkiye produced by: World Medicine Ilac San. ve Tic. A.§. Turkiye
61 CYCLOMED Eye drops 1% 5 ml (dropper Sentiss Pharma Pvt. Ltd
Cyclopentolate bottles) India
62 EMOPROKS(Emopr Eye drops 1% 5 ml (dropper World Medicine Ophthalmics
oks) bottle) Ilaclari Ltd. Sti., Turkiye
Methylethylpyridinol produced by: World Medicine Ilac San. ve Tic. A.S. Turkiye
63 TRAVAPRESS DUO Comb.drug (Travoprost, timolol)* Eye drops 2.5 ml (dropper bottle) S.C.Rompharm Company S.R.L. Romania Sante (Private) Limited., Pakistan Made: Elko Organization (Pvt.) Ltd Pakistan
64 DEXATOBROM Comb.drug (Tobramycin,dexame thasone) Eye drops-suspension 5 ml (dropper bottle) Rompharm Company SRL Romania
65 PHENIDEX Comb.drug (Dexametasone,chlor amphenicol) Eye drops 10 ml (dropper bottles) Amman Pharmaceutical Industries Co. Jordan
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, an analysis of the range of medicines for ophthalmic diseases included in the State Register of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2022 showed that medicines from foreign manufacturers comprise 65 items, of which 64 are eye drops (vials), 1 gel.
Fig.3 Quantitative ratio of registered medicines used in ophthalmic diseases.
The diagram shows the proportion of registered medicines used for ophthalmic diseases in foreign countries.
Fig.4 Quantitative ratio of registered medicines used in ophthalmic diseases.
The diagram shows the quantitative ratio of registered medicines used for ophthalmic diseases in domestic production, CIS countries and in foreign countries, produced in vials and tubes.
DISCUSSION. Thus, the study of the data of the "State Register of medicines, medical devices and medical equipment approved for use in medical practice of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022 No. 26 showed that the share of medicines used for ophthalmic diseases produced in domestic countries is up to 18 names of medicines, manufacturers of the CIS countries registered 21 medicines, medicines of manufacturers of foreign countries amounted to 65 names.
An analysis of the conjuncture of medicines used in ophthalmic diseases showed that in the pharmaceutical market of Uzbekistan, herbal products are represented by such dosage forms as drops (vials), ointments and gels. The total number of registered drugs amounted to 104 items, of which 102 items are in the form of a vial of dosage forms.
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