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32CONTEMPORARY SPORTS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS Zolotov A.M.1, Khodyachikh S.S.2
1Zolotov Alexander Mikhailovich - Student;
2Khodyachikh Sergey Sergeevich - Student, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK, INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS BELGOROD NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY, BELGOROD
Abstract: contemporary sports are a powerful industry that includes special system of sports record achievement. It involves sportsmen and coaches as well as managers, doctors in sports medicine, psychologists and research associates. Mass media keep on promoting extensive competitions as main events of social life. Nevertheless, contemporary sports should not be treated as a unified phenomenon that has one goal, functions and common patterns of development. Contemporary sports have many faces and varieties. Sports system includes such kinds as mass sports, children and youth sports, school sports and students' sports that solve the problems of health promotion and sports education of the youngsters. High performance sports (Olympic and professional sports) are aimed at achieving high results and victories. All these kinds are united by common functions: spectacular, political and economical. High performance sports provide special life-style and way of being successful, show great sports style and ability to see off the challenger. Many spectators take it as a role model not only in sports, but also in other sectors of life. However, high performance sports have created many contradictions that do not allow contemporary sports to develop positively, often discredit them and contribute to people's, especially parents', attitude that sports are not good. Research objective: to carry out sociologic analysis of contradictions in contemporary sports and to offer the ways of overcoming. Keywords: contemporary sports, high performance sports, olympic and professional sports.
The most acute contradictions in the development of sport in modern society include the myth that sport is almost the only and the main factor in the preservation and promotion of health. No one disputes the preventive value of exercise. However, it is necessary to understand that this is only one of the factors that make up a healthy lifestyle. In addition to sports, human health is affected by the environmental situation, diet and quality of food, the presence of bad habits, standard of living, heredity, etc. Therefore, it is not necessary to directly link the state of health and sports. In addition, there are tragic cases that occurred with outstanding young athletes due to injuries and high sports loads. It is enough to give an example of the tragic fate of Alexei Cherepanov, when the heart of a young and promising athlete stopped at a hockey match. It has already become a familiar picture when athletes, skiers, biathletes after passing the distance "dead" fall on the track of the stadium or on the track [1]. Sport of high achievements is associated with the risk and the need to influence the maximum permissible physical activity on the body. Unfortunately, due to a number of circumstances (the mood to win at any cost, doping), the athlete crosses the line of acceptable and causes damage to his health, and sometimes the health of the opponent. Currently, the number of new sports is rapidly increasing, especially extreme ones: mountain bike, quads, freestyle, scooters and much more. Extreme sports sometimes supplant the classic - skiing, athletics, and gymnastics. However, it is impossible to prohibit a person to engage in any sport and learn the capabilities of his own body. Especially as often-in life, we face situations when only full concentration of forces allows us to avoid danger. In addition, the more physical strength a person has, the less health losses he gets out of a difficult situation. Sport helps to model problem situations and find ways out of them. Therefore, each person should decide to what level of sports achievements to strive for. It is possible to resolve the contradiction connected with sports and health of the athlete by improvement of sports equipment, rules of competitions, improvement of material and
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technical equipment of sports bases, health prevention, medical control of health of athletes, and improvement of quality of professional training of trainer's structure. However, while the problem of "sport and health" remains unresolved. The next contradiction in the field of high-performance sports is that many sports have become rapidly "younger". Teenagers, almost children, for example, achieve record results in sports such as artistic and artistic gymnastics, figure skating. In other sports, the age of the winners also has a noticeable tendency to decrease (O. Korbut, M. Filatova, L. Mukhina, T. Lepinsky, Y. Lipnitskaya achieved the highest results in 14 years).
It is clear that young athletes can win competitions of the highest rank. However, the essence of the problem is that there is a forced training of a young athlete without taking into account age indicators of his development. Compounding this problem is the existence of a system of selection of talented children, when selected is not a sport for a child, and the child for the sport. Selection is a serious psychological stress for many children and parents, which often pushes the child away from sports forever. The use of special technologies, "worked out" on the adult contingent, without their adaptation to the methodology of youth sports leads to premature "pumping" of the young athlete, and sports longevity is out of the question. This contradiction in the sphere of children's and youth sports ultimately distorts the essence of sport, cripples athletes physically and morally. Another contradiction, seriously undermining the foundations of sport, is generated by the system of contractual victories, which are organized in the hotel rooms of judges, in the offices of managers, i.e. away from the gyms, playgrounds, fields. The displacement of the competitive factor has become significant, especially in team sports. According to researchers, a considerable number of matches of football and hockey Championships in advance are "sold". This, of course, affects the moral foundations of athletes, as well as the entertainment of sports. Therefore, we often see half-empty stands and disappointed fans. In professional sports, as in show business, "spinning" a lot of money. Nevertheless, the fight for the "purity" of the sport, of course, should be conducted. No less difficult situation is in the pharmacological service of sport. The use of doping, which began in the 1970-1980-ies., spread in all sports. The problem of doping is ambiguously perceived in society. Of course, in the way sport wins in entertainment, but much more loses in humanity. After all, under the condition of doping, we are not talking about identifying the strongest; in this case, there is a struggle between doctors and pharmacologists who can most successfully "pump" the athlete. Now, it is hardly possible to solve this problem, because in modern sports the tendencies of winning at any cost are only growing and developing. Doping is not a private practice of sports doctors, but a well-thought-out system of scientific, methodological and medical support. At the same time, there is no doubt that the modern athlete is experiencing enormous training loads and his body is not able to recover quickly without the help of pharmacological agents. If you do not use maintenance drugs, the athlete will not be able to train in modern volumes and defined modes of intensity, and the negative effects of the loads will lead to pathological changes in his body and psyche. Therefore, sports doctors require to legalize some pharmacological agents that will help athletes cope with excessive stress and stress, increase the body's resistance to colds, and increase the pain threshold in the treatment of sports injuries. Nobody forbids people of extreme professions (miners, oilmen, astronauts) to restore efficiency by means of pharmacological means. Then why can't a professional athlete be helped to reduce recovery time after an injury or excessive training loads? The activities of specially created anti-doping organizations did not meet expectations: doping scandals do not abate in society. Athletes caught in taking doping, long closed the road to the sport, they are deprived of sports awards, and they become a number of people who are rejected by society. Thus, the way to solve these and other social contradictions of modern sports in strengthening the educational, scientific and cultural components of sports activities. The formation and intensive development of sports culture can significantly increase the potential of modern sports and form a positive public opinion, allowing finding new resources for the mass involvement of people in the sports movement.
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References
1. Lubysheva L.I. Sociology of Physical Culture and Sports. Textbook for University Students. Moscow, Academy. Publ, 2010.
