CC BY
31
UDC 621.365.32: 621.3.024
Yarymbash D. S1, Yarymbash S. T.2, Kotsur M. I.3, Litvinov D. O.4
1Dr. Sc., Associate Professor, Head of the Electrical Machines Department, Zaporozhye National Technical University, Ukraine 2Ph. D, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Electrical Machines Department, Zaporozhye National Technical
University, Ukraine
3Ph. D, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Electrical Machines Department, Zaporozhye National Technical
University, Ukraine
4Senior lecturer of the Electrical Machines Department, Zaporozhye National Technical University, Ukraine
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD WITH APPLICATION THE FREQUENCY ADAPTATION METHOD
Context. A modern stage of powerful radio-electronic and electrotechnical systems development, with a power more than 1 MW, imposes increased requirements to their energy equipment, uninterrupted operation and power supply reliability in various operational modes. Field simulation of such systems class is based on modern numerical realization methods of boundary value problems for Helmholtz and Maxwell equations, both in single-connected and multi-connected domains. It imposes increased requirements to resources, computer hardware speed and software computing efficiency, defining the relevance of a new mathematical apparatus development or its elaboration, including combinations of analytical and approximate numerical methods.
Objective. The purpose of work is the elaboration a new numerical realization methods of field models taking into account AC electrophysical processes with high frequency on the basis of Helmholtz equations in frequency formulations, adapted to software packages use with a free license.
Method. A new method of frequency adaptation is elaborated, which provides systems of Helmholtz equations reduction in vector magnetic potential formulations to the recurrent modified Maxwell's equations, in analogies of DC formulation, and also provides high precision and field simulation efficiency.
Results. The generalized spatial mathematical model of interrelated electromagnetic and electrothermal processes AC energy conversion in current-conducting wires of powerful radio-electronic and electrotechnical systems is offered. This model considers operational modes, nonlinear dependences of electrophysical properties in electrotechnical materials, replacement effects and outer superficial effects, self- and mutual induction. A new method of frequency adaptation is elaborated, based on Helmholtz system of equations reduction in the vector magnetic potential formulations, in frequency domain, to the recurrent modified Maxwell's equations, in analogies of DC formulation, and also provides high precision and field simulation efficiency. At numerical realization of frequency adaptation methods and finite elements, the number of freedom degrees decreases twice. It is caused by step-by-step solution the recurrent modified Maxwell's equations, in analogies of DC formulations, for real and imaginary components of electric and vector magnetic potentials.
Conclusions. The elaborated new frequency adaptation method significantly expands possibilities of production design preparation for powerful radio engineering systems. It allows using the software packages with a free license, reduces requirements to computing resources, reduces time costs and provides high precision in electromagnetic fields simulation.
Keywords: radio-electronic systems, electrotechnical systems, electromagnetic field, finite element method, frequency adaptation, field simulation, DC, AC, Helmholtz and Maxwell's equations.
NOMENCLATURE
AC - alternating current;
DC - direct current;
FEM - finite element method;
MBE - boundary elements methods;
ra - angular frequency;
Ara - frequency step;
i - component of geometric domain;
k, n - interval and step of discretization;
x, y, z - coordinate axes;
V - electric potential;
Vi - electric potential at i component of geometric domain;
A - vector magnetic potential;
Ax, Ay, Az - projection of the A on the axis x, y, z; Axi, Ayi, Azi - projection of the A on the axis x, y, z at i component of geometric domain;
A ra, Vra - frequency derivatives of A and V;
(AA. (A*i, (A zi j(o — frequency derivatives of
A x
A
yi , A zi;
© Yarymbash D. S, Yarymbash S. T., Kotsur M. I., Litvinov D. O. DOI 10.15588/1607-3274-2018-1-8
ct - specific electric conductivity;
9 - local temperature;
- vacuum permeability;
^ e - equivalent relative permeability;
ct i - specific electric conductivity at i component of geometric domain;
9i - local temperature at i component of geometric domain;
- equivalent relative permeability at i component of geometric domain;
i, j, k - unit vectors;
f - frequency;
H - magnetic field strength;
E - electric field strength;
J - current density vector;
E x - projection of the E on the axis x;
J x - projection of the J on the axis x;
Q1, Q2 - sections with different electrophysical properties;
Hqi, HQ2 - magnetic field strength at Q1 , Q2 sections;
2018
Jqi , JQ2 - current density vector at Q1, Q2 sections;
CRe , Cjm - real part and imaginary part of coefficient
C;
8 - field penetration depth;
c - speed of light (universal physical constant);
zend - final thickness;
E end - electric field strength at zend. INTRODUCTION
A present stage of powerful radio-electronic and electrotechnical systems development, with a capacity more than 1 MW, imposes increased requirements to their energy equipment, uninterrupted operation and power supply reliability in operating modes [1-3]. High level of competition in the international markets (in civil and defensive spheres) and also essential restrictions on mass-dimensional indicators and prices increase for electrotechnical materials both conductive, and ferromagnetic, cause relevance of creation a new domestic production at the level of the best world samples. Therefore, at the production design preparation stage of powerful radio engineering systems, it is necessary to pay great attention to auxiliary systems and structural elements, in particular, to the systems of special current-conducting wires which are carrying out a reliable power supply the basic modules and units.
Despite the large volume of the researches connected with similar systems design of current-conducting wires for other industries [4-16] to provide adaptation of their results for powerful radio engineering systems very difficult. This is due to high density of their configuration and installation, the electric power transmission with AC high harmonics and, as a consequence, a significant influence of proximity effects, self- and mutual induction, which are usually neglected in common industrial equipment design. The known calculation procedures and powerful systems design of special current-conducting wires, which are based on circuit simulation methods and root-mean-geometric distances [4, 5, 17-19], do not satisfy the precision requirements and reliability. Respectively, it should be compensated for, by creating and testing prototypes, and as a result, additional material expenses and financial resources, labor costs and time for production preparation, by increasing the final product cost.
Now mathematical simulation methods of electrodynamic processes in high-frequency systems on the basis of Helmholtz [20-22] equations were widely adopted, which are implemented by expensive specialized software packages (ANSYS, Comsol Multiphysics, etc.). Their use leads to the essential growth of financial costs on hardware and software production design preparation, which becomes very difficult at the existing crisis factors. In addition, the use of software with a free license, for example, FEMM, for modeling the electrophysical processes of high-frequency alternating current is limited due to the absence of specialized software modules in them. Besides, the software application with a free license, for example FEMM, for AC high frequency electrophysical processes simulation is limited due to the absence in them specialized program modules. Therefore, the elaboration problem of perspective approaches for field
models numerical realization on the basis of Maxwell's equations in frequency statement should be consider relevant. These approaches expand the area of software use with a free license and adapted to production design preparation requirements for special systems of current-conducting wires of powerful power supply modules in radio engineering systems.
The purpose of the work is the elaboration a new numerical realization methods of field models taking into account AC electrophysical processes with high frequency on the basis of Helmholtz equations frequency formulations, adapted to software packages use with a free license.
To achieve this purpose, the following tasks are formulated: to elaborate new numerically-field calculations methods of interrelated electromagnetic processes during energy transmission, with AC high frequency, for special systems of current-conducting wires; to verify these methods on test mathematical models experimentally and to elaborate on this base the recommendations about their practical use.
1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The electromagnetic field in geometric domains of current-conducting components and their circumambients is described by conjugate system of equations for vector magnetic potential and electric potential complex amplitudes [7-9, 11]:
|Vx
tahîi )-1Vx Ai = jroa, (e, )(Ai + VV, ),
[v-ta (e, )-v-v ] = - (e, )• a, ).
(1)
In the system of equations (1), the projections of A and V are parametric functions of AC angular frequency ra :
jAi = i - Axj (ro, x, y, z)+j - Ay, (ro, x, y, z) + k - A2i (ro, x, y, z), [V = V (ro, x, y, z), which have continuous derivatives in parameter ro
(V )»=5[V (, x, y, z )])ro,
(Ax, )ro = d[AX, (ro,x, y,z)]]ro, (ayt )ro =
= 5[a yi ( ^ y, z )|/dro, (a zi )ro =
= ô[à zi (ro, x, y, z )]|dro,
(aA i )ro= i-(aA x, )ro+ j-(aA y, ),+ k-(aA zi )ro.
(2)
(3)
The system of equations (1) is supplemented by magnetic and electric fields conjugation conditions at environment sections boundaries with different electrophysical properties for magnetic field strength vectors and current density in current-conducting wires [7-9]:
[nQ1,Q2 x(HQ1 -HQ2)= ^ lnQ1,Q2 -(JQ1 - JQ2) = 0,
(4)
under boundary conditions on the external shields surfaces
[7-9]:
{A = 0, n - J = 0
(5)
and on the symmetry planes [7-9]:
{n x H = 0, n • J = 0. (6)
2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
The known engineering techniques of calculation and current-carrying wires design [4-6, 17-19], based on the electrical circuit's theory, methods of generalized expressions and mean geometric distances, have essential assumptions and don't answer modern requirements of precision. In recent years, at high-frequency electromagnetic processes
description, field simulation has become widespread [716]. The analytical and numerical methods [23, 24] realized on the computer can be applied to the problem formulations of electromagnetic fields simulation given above. Numerical methods are conventionally divided into three main groups [24]: integral (a boundary elements method, a secondary sources method, an integration method on field sources and a inductively connected circuits method) [23, 25, 26], differential (finite differences method and finite volumes method) [27, 28] and variation (Ritz's method, Galerkin's method, finite elements method) [29, 30, 31]. The MBE belong to the most widespread integrated methods [26, 27, 32]. Their feature is that the integrated equation of rather unknown quantities is formulated only on the computational domain boundary. They are successfully applied to the linear partial equations solution in private derivatives of elliptic type. The FEM belongs to the variation methods based on the use of variation statements equivalent to an initial boundary-value problem [30, 33, 34]. FEM is based on the fact that for the elements into which the investigated domain is divided, an approximation of the required function is described [34, 35]. And this approximation has to provide this function's continuity throughout the definition range. FEM allow to realize rather large number of elements, when using special algorithms for systems numerical solution of algebraic equations with band matrix coefficients. The elaboration of this method became possible thanks to computer technology development and specialized software with user-friendly interfaces. They are successfully applied to the field problems solution in irregular geometrical shape domains. FEM disadvantage is the stability lowering of computational process for nonlinear frequency field models and requirements for the use of specialized expensive software [11-14] and significant computing resources [10]. Because of the essential differences in the elements geometric dimensions of current-conducting systems, in electromagnetic processes simulation, the authors [12-16] significantly simplify computational models or consider them in a plane-parallel statement [13, 14]. Also, the community absence of approaches in describing and simulating low- and high-frequency electromagnetic processes leads to significant increase in computing and time resources that complicate the use of field calculation methods at production design preparation stages. It causes need of elaboration new approaches based both on
analytical and numerical methods combination and on the frequency formulations reduction of Helmholtz problems to other types of problems.
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
For synthesis a new method for system equations (1)-(3) solution, it is necessary to differentiate system equations of (1) with respect to the parameter ra, neglecting magnetic and electrical properties dependences of current-conducting wires materials on AC angular frequency ra :
Vx (^e)-1 • Vx (Ai)ra]= —jCTi(9i)[ + VV,]-
- /«CT, (9i [ )ra+(Vl^! )ral (7)
V • [ct, (9, )-V-(V )ra]=-/v( (9, )A i ))rav( (9, )(a ,))
Replacing continuous range domain of frequency ra , by the discrete sequence {c0q = 0, ra^..., ,
rak+1,-",ran = 2nf}, transform this system of the differential equations to an integrated form:
n—1rak +1 ,
£ №)dra = V(ran,x,y,z)- V,(0,x,y,z),
k=0 rak
n-1rak+1 ,
£ i( x, )ra dra = A x, (ran, x, y, z)-Ax,(0, x, y, z),
k=0 rak
n-1rak+1/ \
£ i V^y,)dra= Ayi(ran,x,У,z)-Ayt(0,x,У,z),
k=0 rak
n-1rak+1 V
£ KAzi )radra = Azi(ra n, x, У, z) - Az,(0, x, У, z),
k=0 rak
^ £ J(Axf )ra dra + j £ J( yt ) dra+ k £ j(,A zi )ra dra
(8)
k=0,
= i-+ j-
A Xl (m„, x y, z ) - AXl (0, x y, z\ À y. (co„, x, y, z )- Ay.(0, x, y, z)
k - [Azi( n, x, У, z) - Azi(0, x, У, z))
For the left parts of system ratios (8) the next designations are accepted:
fi L,k = (fi (®k, x, У, z ,
(Xi )ra,k = (Xi (k , X, y,z 1
(a yi l,k = (a yi ((k,x,y,z ^
( zi l,k = (zi (k,x,y,z!
(9)
and the right rectangles formula [36] is applied
'ro,k+1
(+1 -rok )-Axi(0, x, y, z),
n-1/. \
Vj (ron, x, y, z ) = X ( )ro,k+1- (rok+1 - rok )- Vj (0, x, y, z\ k=0
n-1/. \
A xi (ron, x, ^ z )= Z(A x,\ k=0
Ay, (ron, x, ^ z) = Z (y, )ro k+1 - (rok+1 - rok )- Ay, (0, x y, z), k=0
n -1
Azi(ron, x y, z) = Z (Azi )ro k+1 - (rok+1 - rok )- Az, (0, x y, z), k=0
i - Ax, (ron,xy, z)+ j-Ay, (ron,x,y,z) + k - Azi (ron,x,y,z)= i - Ax,(0,x,y, z) +
+j - Ay, (0,x, y,z )+k- (0,x, y,z )+ nZhx, L+1 +j-(a y, L+, + k-(a y, LJ-(rok+1 -rok)
(10)
k=0
Perform the averaging of system ratios (7) for frequency parameter change range (rak < ra < ra k+1)
|rok+1
k+1 , ™t+1 j Vx[ ) - Vx (A i )ro|lro = - j j{a, (e,)[ +VV,]
rok
roa, (e, [ +VVro, ]]ro. | ®k+1
jV-[a, (e, )-V-(V )ro]|ro =
(11)
rok
rok +1
j J[v((e,)A,)+roV(a,()). (12)
= - J
rak
and apply the right rectangles formulas [36] to the left parts in the systems (11), (12) and the left rectangles [36] for their
right parts. By reducing them to (rak+1 — ®k), there are obtained the recurrent equations of rather unknown
frequency derivative potentials (A i )ra ^+1 and (V )ra k+1 :
{Vx )—1 • Vx (a )(D,k+1J = j (0i ){(aA i )k + + v(V )k +rak [(A i )ra,k + v(V L,k 1 (13)
H^i (0i ^fc L,k+1 J=— J[v( (0i )(V )k )+
+ rak V(a, (e, )(Ai )ra,k I (14)
which allow solutions independent of each other.
If to perform summands regrouping between the left and right parts of system (13), (14) integrated equations, then it is possible to obtain the modified systems of equations in the form:
)—1 • Vx (a i )co,k+1J= —Pi (ei){(A i\ + + v(V\ + rak+1[(Ai )co,k + v(V )ra,k I (15)
Ha,(e, )-V-V )00,k+1] = = -j[V(a, (e, )(v>. )k )+rok+1V(a, (e, )(A, ) k JJ
(16)
which differ from the recurrent equations (13), (14) by frequency parameter rok+1.
In the systems of equations (13)—(16) initial approaches for vector magnetic and electric potentials are defined from independent solutions of homogeneous differential equations
ÎVx[(^3i ) 1Vx A,
[ V - [ (e, )-v-v ] = 0
= 0,
(17)
and can be considered as approximations to direct current.
Initial approximation for (A j )ra 0 and (V )ra 0 are defined
from the system of equations solutions (7), independent from each other under the condition rao = 0
| Vx
_(M-0^3 )-1 -Vx(AA, )ro,0 ]= j (e, )[ )0 + v(V )0]
lV-[ (e, )V-V )ro,0 ]=-Jv( (e, )(Ai )0 )
(18)
Thus, by transformations (8)-(14), the system of equations in frequency formulation (1) adapts to the mathematical description and approaches for solutions in DC analogies (15)—(18). The main advantage of adapted approach should be considered possibility of independent solution the magnetic and electric fields equations with respect to frequency derivatives of vector magnetic and electric potentials on each step of frequency parameter discrete change. Initial approximations of the vector magnetic potential and electric potential are defined according to direct current. Convergence conditions of iterative process are defined by convergence conditions for Euler's method [37]. 4 EXPERIMENTS
In data absence on the application new frequency adaptation method (7)-(18), for realization electromagnetic field problems, it is expedient to estimate its efficiency on
the basis of a model problem, which has an exact analytical solution. For this purpose there is considered a skin-effect mathematical description in current-conducting components of waveguide system [20]. There is investigated the phenomenon of electromagnetic field localization and electric current in the domain of electrically conductive plate, <x> -wide and » -extended, with zend (fig. 1). It is accepted that current density vector will be directed along the 0x axis and
there is considered its projection Jx, J = iJx (z), which
corresponds to condition div(j) = 0 and » extended system
along the 0y axis.
Since the electric current is a harmonic function of time (with ra ), then, taking into account the ratio
Ex = CTJx = , it suffices to consider Helmholtz
equation with respect to electric field strength amplitude [20]:
d 2 E dz 2
j iÄ e = 0.
(19)
with boundary conditions in the form:
E(0) = Eo, E(zend ) = Eend, (20)
General solution of equation (19) has the form [20]:
E(z) = CRe
•J-îïno^^c2 + c g~iij_i4na|^ c2 (21)
Taking into account the expression for skin-effect layer thickness
8 = C\l 2na|ara,
expression (21) can be transformed to the next form:
E ( z) =
= CRe •e-i(1-i)z/8+ CIm • ei(1-i>/8.
Im '
(22)
(23)
If to enter designation E = E(z)/Eend , then, satisfying
expression (23) to boundary conditions (20), we obtain an analytical solution that describes distribution of the intensity
complex amplitude E in electrically conductive domain (Fig. 1):
~ (1 _ (d N))/5 ) . e-"(l-")z/5 + (Jzenj H-'»/5 - 1, ei(l-i)z/5 £(z,5)=-e^d (1+./V5 1 e-. (24)
Figure 1 - Skin-effect simulation domain in current-conducting wire
By frequency adaptation method for a frequency step equal to Aro = ro , the approximate solution of equation (19) with boundary conditions (20) will have the next form:
EAM=Mfe 8) ~ z
_ _ 2 _ z1nd + z 3 zend 'z
M
i2
28 2
z- (z _ zend ) (25)
For analysis of approximate solution precision, obtained by frequency adaptation method, there were carried out electric field strength calculations for a planar conductor, the thickness of which changed in a range 1.4 • 8 < zend < 2.0 • 8 with Azend = 0.2 step and there was estimated the approximate solution error (25) with respect to exact solution (24). A typical feature of frequency adaptation method is the even number of iterations. On odd iterations, the imaginary components of the solution are specified, and on even ones, the real components. At the same time the number of iterations for studied model doesn't exceed 4.
5 RESULTS
Results of numerical experiments for a research of approximate solutions precision, obtained by an analytical method and a new frequency adaptation method are presented in Fig. 2. According to the exact solution, the nonlinear character of the field strength distribution is determined by the depth of its penetration into electroconductive environment, mainly by AC frequency. At electroconductive layer thickness
1.4 • 8 < zend < 1.8 • 8 the distribution will have a parabolic form. Comparison of exact solutions the system of equations (1) and calculations by a new frequency adaptation method (25), taking into account Ara = ra , confirms that the error of this method is lower than 0,6% for parabolic form of field strength distribution in current-carrying components domain of current-conducting systems (Fig. 2a).
For exact solution, at zend > 2.0 • 8, the parabolic form of field strength distribution is transformed into a flattened form (Fig. 2), and the error of frequency adaptation method increases to 5.1% due to the effect of the "false" local convexity on the symmetry axis of current-conducting wires. This negative effect is easily compensated by a step reduction of frequency adaptation to Ara = 0.5 • ra , and by increasing the number of iterations up to 4, at the same time the error decreases to 1.2% in comparison with exact solution (Fig. 2b). It confirms high precision of the offered frequency adaptation method, which can be also realized in structure of application programs packages for stationary field simulation, as a rule, having a free license (for example, FEMM).
For current-conducting wires with a rectangular plan configuration, field calculations were performed in Comsol Multiphysics software structure for frequency model (1)-(6) and in the FEMM software structure for frequency adaptation model (18). Field calculations in Comsol Multiphysics and FEMM structures used triangular finite elements, the number of which was 55264. When comparing the arrays of local values for magnetic field strength module, the relative discrepancy deviation for these methods did not exceed 1.24% for Ara =ra and 0.75% Ara = 0,5 • ra. As
c
f
ru
Ja
J 0.9 td
~B
a
"S o s
-tí C
V 'V 3— □—□—Q—G--I r-tf s > r f / / / J y
» + < f 1 1 ** + * —::¡— a «a. À > - -¿F ■ 5 ■ ^ ï-e-T é i -A- if w3p f.L * t * + ' r I
+ + + - , + + """
0 0.5 1 1J 2
Adduced coordinate, r.u. □ □ Exact solution Zend =1=4 g a A Exact solution zelld =LS Ô
-Approximate solution Zend =1A 5 - ■ * Approximate solution zend =1 =S 5
O O Exact solution z elld = 1=6 5 +++ Exact solution zelld =2,0 5 ~ ~ Approximate solution Zend S ----Approximate solution Zend =2:05
a
t C3
I "tí
ipl j
rJ
ID
tJ
4J
I
T3 <
05
-05
¡i-g- -G - €> -LI- -3- ü * Q
i-i - -
'T-T. o- G' O"
0 05 1 15 2
Adduced co-ordinate, r.u.
□ □ Exact solution module Zend =2.0 5 ----Approximate solution module Z^ =7.05
O O Real part of exact solution Zend =2=q5 ----Reaj part of approximate solution Zetid=2.og
OO Imaginary part of exact solution Zeiid=2:ü5 -----Imaginan'part of approximate solution Zeni =2.0 5
b
Figure 2 - The exact (24) and approximate (25) solutions comparison of Helmholtz equation (14): a - for Ara = ro ; b - for Aro = 0.5 • ro
the number of freedom degrees on each frequency adaptation step decreases twice, time consumption for numerical realization the frequency adaptation stationary model (18) decrease by 2.4-2.8 times at Ara=ra. At Ara = 0.5-ra time consumption is decreased by 1.12-1.18 times in comparison with numerical realization frequency model (1)-(3).
6 DISCUSSION
Thus, the frequency adaptation method has a simple numerical implementation and doesn't require the use of
specialized commercial software. This method can be used in conjunction with final elements method and can be realized in the FEMM structure. At the joint application the frequency adaptation methods and final elements method, the numerical realization efficiency is caused by reduction the problem dimension on each step in frequency twice. It's provided by step-by-step realization the recurrent equations (18) both for the real, and for imaginary components of potentials. Error's growth of the frequency adaptation method at zend > 2.0- 8 can be compensated by decreasing
the frequency step from Дю = ю to Дю = 0,5-ю. The frequency adaptation method's error for problem solution of AC electric field in a one-dimensional statement doesn't exceed 0.6% for Дю = ю, in 1.4 - 8 < zend < 1.8 - Srange, and 1.2% for Дю = 0.5 - ю , in 1.8 - S < zend < 2.0 - S range. Thus, the frequency adaptation method provides good computational accuracy for engineering calculations. This method can be used in problems of calculation and analysis of electromagnetic fields in one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional formulations. Numerical realization data, in Comsol Multiphysics and FEMM structures for frequency adaptation to stationary field models, correspond with high precision to numerical realization data for frequency field models, but the time consumption are reduced from 1.12 to 2.8.
CONCLUSIONS
A new method of frequency adaptation is elaborated, which provides systems of Helmholtz equations reduction in frequency domain to the recurrent Maxwell's equations in DC analogies, high precision and field simulation efficiency. At the joint realization the frequency adaptation methods and final elements method the number of freedom degree decreases twice, which is provided by step-by-step realization the recurrent modified Maxwell's equations in DC analogies, both for the real, and for imaginary components of the electrical and vector magnetic potentials. The frequency adaptation method's error for problem solution of AC electric field in a one-dimensional statement doesn't exceed 0.6% for Дю=ю, in 1.4- S< zend < 1.8- 8 range, and 1.2% for Дю = 0.5 ю , in 1.8 S < zend < 2.0 S range. At calculating the plane-parallel electromagnetic field for current-conducting components of current carrying systems the frequency adaptation method's error doesn't exceed 1.24%, and time consumption are reduced from 1.12 to 2.8.
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Article was submitted 06.11.2017.
After revision 22.12.2017.
Ярымбаш Д. С.1, Ярымбаш С. Т.2, Коцур М. И.3, Литвинов Д. А.4
'Д-р техн. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой электрических машин Запорожского национального технического университета, Украина
2Канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры электрических машин Запорожского национального технического университета, Украина
3Канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры электрических машин Запорожского национального технического университета, Украина
4Старший преподаватель кафедры электрических машин Запорожского национального технического университета, Украина
КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МЕТОДА ЧАСТОТНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ
Актуальность. Современный этап развития мощных радиоэлектронных и электротехнических систем с мощностью более 1 МВт предъявляет повышенные требования к их энергооснащенности, бесперебойности и надежности энергообеспечения в различных эксплуатационных режимах. Полевое моделирование такого класса систем базируется на современных методах численной реализации краевых задач для уравнений Гельмгольца и Максвелла как в односвязных, так и в многосвязных областях. Это предъявляет повышенные требования к ресурсам, быстродействию средств вычислительной техники и к вычислительной эффективности программного обеспечения, определяя актуальность разработки нового или развитие используемого математического аппарата, в том числе комбинаций аналитических и приближенных численных методов.
Целью работы является разработка новых методов численной реализации полевых моделей электрофизических процессов переменного тока высокой частоты на основе частотных формулировок уравнений Гельмгольца, адаптированных к использованию пакетов программ со свободной лицензией.
Метод. Разработан новый метод частотной адаптации, обеспечивающий редукцию систем уравнений Гельмгольца в формулировках векторного магнитного потенциала к рекуррентным модифицированным уравнениям Максвелла в аналогиях формулировок постоянного тока, высокую точность и эффективность полевого моделирования.
Результаты. Предложена обобщенная пространственная математическая модель взаимосвязанных электромагнитных процессов преобразования энергии переменного тока в токопроводах мощных радиоэлектронных и электротехнических систем, которая учитывает эксплуатационные режимы, нелинейные зависимости электрофизических свойств электротехнических материалов, эффекты вытеснения и внешние поверхностные эффекты, само и взаимоиндукцию. Разработан новый метод частотной адаптации, основанный на редукции систем уравнений Гельмгольца в формулировках векторного магнитного потенциала в частотной области к рекуррентным модифицированным уравнениям Максвелла в аналогиях постоянного тока, обеспечивающий высокую точность и вычислительную эффективность. При численной реализации методов частотной адаптации и конечных элементов число степеней свободы уменьшается в два раза, что обусловлено поэтапным решением рекуррентных модифицированных уравнений Максвелла в аналогиях формулировок постоянного тока для действительных и мнимых составляющих электрических и векторных магнитных потенциалов.
Выводы. Разработанный новый метод частотной адаптации существенно расширяет возможности конструкторской подготовки производства мощных радиоэлектронных и электротехнических систем систем, позволяет использовать пакеты программ со свободной лицензией, снижает требования к вычислительным ресурсам, сокращает временные затраты и обеспечивает высокую точность моделирования электромагнитных полей.
Ключевые слова: радиоэлектронные системы, электротехнические системы, электромагнитное поле, метод конечных элементов, частотная адаптация, полевое моделирование, уравнения Гельмгольца и Максвелла.
Яримбаш Д. С.1, Яримбаш С. Т.2, Коцур М. I.3, Лггвшов Д. О.4
'Д-р техн. наук, доцент, завщувач кафедри електричних машин Запорiзького нацюнального техшчного ушверситету, Укра1на
2Канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедри електричних машин Запорiзького нацюнального техшчного ушверситету, Укра1на
3Канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедри електричних машин Запорiзького нацюнального техшчного ушверситету, Укра1на
4Старший викладач кафедри електричних машин Запорiзького нацюнального техшчного ушверситету, Укра1на
КОМП'ЮТЕРНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГН1ТНОГО ПОЛЯ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МЕТОДУ ЧАСТОТНО1 АДАПТАЦИ
Актуальнiсть. Сучасний етап розвитку потужних радюелектронних i електротехшчних систем з потужнiстю понад 1 МВт висувае пiдвищенi вимоги до 1х енергоозброення, безперебiйностi та надшност енергозабезпечення в рiзних експлуатацiйних режимах. Польове моделювання такого класу систем базуеться на сучасних методах чисельно! реалiзацн крайових задач для рiвнянь Гельмгольца та Максвелла як в однозв'язних, так i в багатозв'язних областях. Це висувае шдвищеш вимоги до ресурав, швидкодп засобiв обчислювально! технiки та до обчислювально! ефективностi програмного забезпечення, визначаючи актуальшсть розробки нового або розвиток юнуючого математичного апарату, в тому чи^ комбiнацiй аналiтичних i наближених чисельних метсдав.
Метою роботи е розробка нових метсдав чисельно! реалiзацil польових моделей електрофiзичних процесiв змiнного струму високо! частоти на основi частотних формулювань рiвнянь Гельмгольца, адаптованих до використання паке™ програм з вшьною лiцензiею.
Метод. Розроблено новий метод частотно! адаптаци, що забезпечуе редукщю систем рiвнянь Гельмгольца в формулюваннях векторного магштного потенцiалу до рекурентних модифжованим рiвнянням Максвелла в аналопях формулювань постiйного струму, високу точшсть i ефективнiсть польового моделювання.
Результати. Запропоновано узагальнену просторову математичну модель взаемозалежних електромагштних процеав перетво-рення енергн змiнного струму в струмопровщах потужних радiоелектронних та електротехнiчних систем, яка враховуе експлуа-тацiйнi режими, нелшшш залежностi електрофiзичних властивостей електротехшчних матерiалiв, ефекти витiснення i зовшшш повер-хневi ефекти, само- та взаемошдукцн. Розроблено новий метод частотно! адаптаци, заснований на редукцп систем рiвнянь Гельмгольца в формулюваннях векторного магштного потенщалу в частотнiй област до рекурентних модифiкованим рiвнянням Максвелла в аналопях постшного струму, що забезпечуе високу точшсть i обчислювальну ефектившсть. При чисельнiй реалiзацi! метсдав частотно! адаптацi! i скiнчених елеменпв число ступенiв свободи зменшуеться в два рази, що зумовлено поетапним ршенням рекурентних модифжованих рiвнянь Максвелла в аналопях формулювань постшного струму для дшсних i уявних складових електричних i вектор-них магштних потенцiалiв.
Висновки. Розроблений новий метод частотно! адаптаци ютотно розширюе можливост конструкторсько! пiдготовки виробництва потужних радюелектронних та електротехшчних систем, дозволяе використовувати пакети програм з вшьною лiцензiею, знижуе вимоги до обчислювальних ресурав, скорочуе витрати часу i забезпечуе високу точшсть моделювання електромагштних полiв.
Ключовi слова: радiоелектроннi системи, електротехшчш системи, електромагнiтне поле, метод скшчених елементiв, частотна адаптацiя, польове моделювання, рiвняння Гельмгольца i Максвелла.
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