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RJOAS, 11(131), November 2022 UDC 332; DOI 10.18551/rjoas.2022-11.21
COMPOSITION, SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND CAPTURE RATE OF FLOAT-OPERATED LIFT NET IN PALABUHANRATU BAY, SUKABUMI
Prihantoko Kukuh Eko, Athallah Ayyub Nadhif, Jayanto Bogi Budi
Department of Capture Fisheries, Diponegoro University, Semarang *E-mail: kukuhprihantoko@live.undip.ac.id
ABSTRACT
The number of fishing gear operating in a fishing area will have an impact on increasing competition to get the fish caught. This will affect the composition of the fish, size distribution and catch rate. This study aims to analyze the composition of fish, size distribution, and catch rate in the current operation of the Float-operated lift net from February to April in Palabuhanratu Bay. The fishing operation was carried out as many as 20 trips to collect data on fish size (TL and W) and fish species. The composition analysis was carried out by calculating the proportion of the catch, the size distribution analysis was carried out using the class interval calculation approach and the catch rate analysis was carried out by the Catch Rate (CR) calculation. The results showed that the catch composition consisted of three group of species, namely 1 species of pelagic fish, 3 species of demersal fish and 1 species of molluscs. The composition based on weight was dominated by Tembang Fish (S. fimbriata) with a proportion of 43.27%, while based on the number of individuals found was dominated by L. equulus with a proportion of 91.50%. The dominance of different TL sizes for each type of fish. The dominant TL size was caught for Loligo sp and L. equulus at 3-6 cm TL interval, M. maculata at 19-22 cm TL interval, T. savala at 35-38 cm TL interval, and S. fimbriata at 15- 22 cm TL interval. 18 cm. Based on the size of the individual fish caught, the size of the weight caught for Loligo sp was dominated at the W interval of 70-91 gr, M. maculata at the W interval of 180-201 gr, T. savala at the W interval of 4-25 gr, L. equulus at the interval of W. W 4-25 gr, and S. fimbriata at intervals W 180-201 gr. The catch rate of Floating Chart per fish species is in the range of 0.03-2.37 kg/hour. The highest catch rate was found in S. fimbriata at 2.37 kg/hour and the lowest was T. savala at 0.03 kg/hour.
KEY WORDS
Catch, total length, weight, lift net.
This study examines the composition and size distribution of the caught fish and the catch rate of the Bagan Apung fishing gear operated in Palabuhanratu Bay. In particular, the scope of research time which is the limitation of this research is the operation of the Floating Chart in February-April. Where the month period is a transitional wind season, from the west wind season to the east wind season. It is possible that climate change conditions and the increasing number of using Floating Bagan fishing gear at the research site may have an impact on the variety of fish caught, the size of the fish caught and the ability of the fishing gear to produce the caught fish. The increasing number of Floating Bagan users in Palabuhanratu Bay will increase the level of competition to get the caught fish. This is certainly a challenge for many parties, both fishermen who are in the fishing business, fisheries business actors and stakeholders. Measured capture fisheries management policies that are being implemented by the Government require a lot of comprehensive information and data. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the composition, size distribution of fish and catch rates in the operation of Bagan Floating in the transitional wind season, from February to April. The results of this study will provide benefits for many related parties, both stakeholders, academics, fisheries business actors and fishermen in an effort to manage, study and run a floating chart-based fishery business at the research location.
This study will provide information and studies related to the condition of the Floating Bagan fishery in the transitional season in Palabuhanratu Bay in terms of the composition of the fish caught, the size distribution of fish caught and the rate of catch.
Catch rate is an analytical approach that can be used to provide information about the ability of a fishing gear to produce fish in a certain time unit. The increase in the catch rate will have an effect on the amount of fish caught (Triharyuni et al., 2016; Badrudin et al., 2017).
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
This research was conducted by carrying out fishing operations using Floating Charts in Palabuhanratu Bay in the period from February to April 2022. The number of fishing trips was 20 trips with a total of 40 hauling trips. The Floating Chart operation is carried out with a duration of 9 hours/trip, so the total operating hours is 180 hours.
The floating chart that is operated is 9 x 9 m in size with a net dimension of 8 x 8 m, made of polyethylene with a mesh size of 0.5 inch. This Floating Chart specification is a general measure of the Floating Chart operated by local fishermen at the research site.
The data collected as material for analysis is data on fish species, the number of individual fish in the tail, the size of the Total Length (TL) in centimeters (cm), and fish weight (W: Weight) in grams (gr) and kilograms (kg). TL measurements were carried out in the finfish catch group, while for the molluscs catch group, the maximum length (Lmax) was measured. The method for measuring Lmax molluscs refers to Staudinger et al. (2009).
Fish size data was obtained through in situ measurements using scaled length measuring instruments and scaled scales.
Analysis of the composition of the fish caught was carried out using the following proportion calculation approach:
Bi
pi=-i x 100% 1 Bt
Where: Pi - Proportion of Fish Species to i; Bi i - Fish Type Biomass i; B t - Total Biomass.
Analysis of the size distribution of the fish caught was carried out by using the interval size calculation approach of Total Length (TL) and Weight (W). Calculation of the number and class interval is determined using the formulation of the formula Walpole (1995) as follows:
k = 1 + 3,3 logn
r
c= k
Where: k - Number of Class, r - Range, c - Class Width, n - Total Data.
Catch Rate Analysis (CR) was carried out using the catch rate calculation approach using the interpretation of the Sindo formulation (Sparre and Venema, 1999). The data used in this analysis is Total catch (TC) per trip. The formulation of the catch rate calculation formula used refers to Sparre and Venema (1999) as follows:
Catch
Laiu tangkap (CR) = ——-
Effort
Where: CR - Catch rate (kg/hour), Catch - Catch (kg), Effort - Catch effort (in hours)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Floating Bagan operation during the research resulted in 5 (five) types of fish, namely Tembang Fish (Sardinella fimbriata), Pepetek Fish (Leiognathus equulus), Eteman Fish (Mene maculata), Layur Fish (Trichiurus savala) and Squid (Loligo sp). Based on the group of fish species, this study resulted in 3 (three) groups of species, namely groups of
pelagic fish, demersal fish and molluscs. The type of pelagic fish caught was S. fimbriata and the type of mollusc caught was Loligo sp. Meanwhile, L. equulus, M. maculata, and T. savala are groups of demersal fish species.
The total catch obtained during the study was 987,770 grams (987.77 kg) with a total of 46,765 individuals. The average catch per trip is 49.39 kg/trip with the TC value per trip is 24.23-72.58 kg/trip. Based on the number of individual fish caught, TC was obtained as much as 1,319-3,300 fish/trip. The average number of individuals caught per trip is 2,338 individuals/trip.
The composition of the caught fish is presented based on the weight of the fish in grams. The results of the calculation of the proportions showed that the dominant fish caught was Tembang fish (43.27%). While the Layur fish species is the least caught fish species with a proportion of 0.64%.
The group of fish species caught in this study did not differ much from the results of the study of Apriliani et al. (2018) and Yuda et al. (2012), where there were three groups of fish species caught in the Floating Bagan in Palabuhanratu Bay, namely demersal fish groups, pelagic fish groups and mollusc species. However, there are differences in the composition of fish species.
Several variables that can affect catches include the availability of food in the waters (Nikolsky, 1983; Allen, 2000; Nontji, 2007; Rizwan et al., 2014), fish behavior (Gunarso, 1985), and oceanographic conditions of the waters (Sukandar and Fuad, 2015).
Floating Bagan is one type of fishing gear that utilizes fish behavior in its fishing mechanism. Fish with positive phototaxis characteristics are the main target fish for fishing with Floating Charts (Hasan, 2008). This is what underlies the use of light sources as a tool for collecting fish in the Floating Chart.
The use of different light sources results in different compositions of fish caught (Ta'alidin, 2004; Gustaman et al., 2012; Sudirman et al., 2013; Guntur et al., 2015; Fuad et al., 2016; Rudin et al., 2015). al., 2017; Satriawan et al., 2017; Aswirani, 2018; Sugandi et al., 2019); Kaduk et al., 2020; Saragih et al., 2021; Fawzy, 2022). This is because each fish species has a different response to different light sources (Hela and Laevestu, 1970; Puspito, 2008).
If the composition of the caught fish is viewed from the number of individual fish caught, it is known that the L. equulus species dominates the catch with a proportion value of 91.50%. The lowest number of individual fish caught was T. savala with a proportion of 0.20%.
In the chart fishery, the types of fish that are commonly caught include anchovy (Stelophorus sp), tembang fish (Sardinella fimbriata), pepetek fish (Leiognathus equulus), puffer fish (Rastrelliger sp), Layur fish (Trichiurus sp), squid -Squid (Loligo sp), Cuttlefish (Sepia sp), Japuh Fish (Dussumieria acuta), Yellowtail Selar Fish (Selaroides leptolepis), Kerong-Kerong Fish (Terapon jarbua) (Subani, 1972; Effendi, 2002; Ta'alidin, 2004; Notanubun and Patty, 2010; Yuda et al., 2012; Fauziyah et al., 2012; Sudirman, 2013; Susaniati et. al., 2013; Sasmita and Widodo, 2014; Apriliani et al., 2018; Sunusi, 2018 ; Boesono et al., 2020; Surbakti et. al., 2021).
Many studies have been conducted related to the pattern of fish caught in Lift nets that use lights as fish aggregating devices (FAD) (Anggawangsa et al., 2013; Aliyubi et al., 2015; Kurniawan et al., 2018; Aditia, 2017; Apriliani et al. al., 2018; Amos et al., 2019). Types of fish caught in the research location, there is a match between the characteristics of fish behavior and the living habitat of the caught fish. The fish caught at the research site have a living habitat at a depth of water that is in accordance with the location of the waters and according to the pattern of catching fish in the lift net due to being attracted to light, and feeding activity.
Floating Chart operation during the research resulted in TC with TL size varying between 6-63 cm. L. equulus was caught at 3-6 cm TL size. Loligo sp caught were in two groups of L max size, namely 3-6 cm and 7-10 cm. S. fimbriata caught were known to consist of three groups of TL size, namely 11-14 cm, 15-18 cm and 19-22 cm. M. maculata caught consisted of four TL size groups, namely 11-14 cm, 15-18 cm, 19-22 cm, and 23-26 cm. T.
savala caught had the most varied size group among others. T. savala caught were nine groups of TL size consisting of 19-22 cm, 35-38 cm, 39-42 cm, 43-46 cm, 47-50 cm, 51-54 cm, 55-58 cm., 59-62 cm, and 63-66 cm.
L. equulus caught belonged to the small-sized category. According to Lieske (1994), L. equulus has a size of Lm (Length Maturity) of 10.7 cm with a maximum TL of 28 cm. The size of L. equulus caught in this study can be categorized as not suitable for catching, because the size of the catch is below the size of Lm.
T. savala caught in this study were in the 19-22 cm to 63-66 cm TL group. This TL measure is in agreement with Novianingrum et al. (2017), where Layur fish in Bantul waters were caught at 52.8-86.2 cm TL size. However, the size of the Layur fish caught is different from that produced by Ernawati and Butet (2012), where the Layur fish caught in Palabuhanratu are 75.1-87.5 cm in size.
S. fimbriata caught were known to consist of three groups of TL size, namely 11-14 cm, 15-18 cm and 19-22 cm. According to the research results of Sirait et al. (2016) S. fimbriata caught in the waters of the Labu Coast of North Sumatra from November 2014 to January 2015 were at a size of 14-19,5 cm TL. In Ujung Pangkah waters (Gresik) S. fimbriata was caught at sizes 7-15.7 cm (Robiyanto, 2006) and 8-18.9 cm (Sari, 2013). The results of Limbong et al. (2022) at PPI Kronjo (Tangerang) it was found that the Tembang fish caught in September-December were in the range of 11.6-17.2 cm. Based on the comparison of several sizes of TL of Ikan Tembang at different times and places, it is known that the size of TL of S. fimbriata caught in Palabuhanratu Bay is not much different.
M. maculata caught consisted of four TL size groups, namely 11-14 cm, 15-18 cm, 1922 cm, and 23-26 cm. According to Woodland (2001), the Lm size of M. maculata is 14 cm and is commonly caught at 20 cm. M. maculata reaches a maximum TL of 30 cm. Based on the Lm size, the M. maculata caught in this study were within the acceptable size limits for catching.
Loligo sp caught were in two groups of L max size, namely 3-6 cm and 7-10 cm. According to Puspasari and Triharyuni (2013), the average size of squid DML caught in the waters of Rembang (Central Java) is 7.3-9.9 cm and in Cirebon waters it is 7.97-15.96 cm.. While in the Belanakan waters the average DML size of squid is in the range of 13.2-16.5 cm (Pralampita and Chodriyah, 2019). Based on the comparison DML size, it can be seen that the size of the squid caught in Palabuhanratu Bay is below the DML size.
Marzuki and Subani (1989) stated that the squid can reach a size of L max 30 cm. According to Wagiyo et al. (2020), the results of research in Jakarta Bay show that the average size of Lm Squid is 9.7 cm in DML with the average size of caught DML is 8.19 cm. Several sizes suitable for catching squid from various sources include the length range of 1520 cm (Kramadibrata, 1996), 15.0-15.9 cm (Oemar, 1999), 10-70 cm (Kastawi, 2005). Based on the Lm size from various sources that have been explained, it indicates that the size of the squid caught in this study is dominantly below its Lm value, so it can be categorized as not suitable for catching.
The weight of the TC obtained during the operation of the Floating Chart is 987,770 grams (987.77 kg). The results of grouping the data on the size of the individual caught fish were L. equulus 1 size group, T. savala 6 size group, Loligo sp 8 size group, M. maculata 10 size group and S. fimbriata 10 size group.
The weight of the individual catches obtained in this study ranged from 4-350 grams. The distribution of the weight distribution of fish caught per type of fish caught. L. equulus caught in this study were only in one weight group, namely 4-25 grams, while the weights of T. savala, Loligo sp, Mene maculata, and S. fimbriata were more varied.
The weight of individual T. savala caught was 20-190 grams with the dominant size caught in the 4-25 gram group. The weight of individual Loligo sp caught was 60-330 grams with the dominant size caught in the 70-91 gram group. The weight of individual M. maculata caught was 60-262 grams with the dominant size caught in the group weighing 180-201 grams. The weight of individual S. fimbriata caught was 155-350 grams with the dominant size caught in the group weighing 180-201 grams. Based on the distribution of the weight of
the individual fish caught, it is known that M. maculata and S. fimbriata have more weight group variants when compared to other types of fish caught.
The results of the calculation of the catch rate per fish species have been presented. The CR value per fish species obtained in this study ranged from 0.03 to 2.37 kg/hour.
Leiognathus equulus
45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000
Ja ^ ^ A J* & ^ A jj> & <f> & Jp
Loligo sp
140 120 100 80 60 40 20
vb J* J> J> J> J* J* J3 J> Jp £ * J> Q> Jp
Sardinella fimbriata
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
J J* ^ J> J> J> J> J J> J> > J> J3 J* J> ^ \s v t) v ❖ v ^ i" ^ ^ ^ i5
Mene maculata
1000 800 600 400 200 0
I
V ^ s^^VSV* J? «T jT* ¿¡T gT
Trichiurus savala
25 20 15 10 5 0
ll
Figure 1 - TL Size Distribution of Captured Fish
Leiognathus equulus
45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000
' * ^ & & # & tf r^ rf ^ ¿f
Trichiurus savala
Loligo sp
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
I
*VV/ / ¿¿J
Mene maculata
Sardinella fimbriata
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
. I
Figure 2 - Distribution of Fish Weight Sizes Caught
The lowest CR value was occupied by T. savala with a CR value of 0.03 kg/hour, while the highest CR value was 2.37 kg/hour for S. fimbriata. The results of the calculation of the catch rate per fish species in the floating chart operation are not much different from the catch rate values obtained by Apriliani et al. (2018) with the same type of fishing gear. The results of Apriliani et al. (2018) stated that the target fish catch rate for floating chart is in the range of 0.09-0.19 kg/hour and for bycatch is 2.21 - 2.45 kg/hour.
Sardinellafimbriata 2.37
Mene maculata 1.71
Leiognathus equulus 1.26
Loligo sp 0.11
Trichiurus savala | 0.03
- 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50
CR(kg/Hour)
Figure 3 - Catch Rate
When viewed from the fishing trip, it is known that the catch rate of the Floating Bagan operation at the research site is 5.49 kg/trip. According to Dewanti et al. (2018), the catch rate of Bagan at TPI Pangandaran (West Java) is 8.18 kg.
CONCLUSION
The Floating Bagan operation in February-April in Palabuhanratu Bay produced 5 (five) species of fish, consisting of 1 species of pelagic fish, 3 species of demersal fish and 1 species of molluscs. The composition of fish caught by weight was dominated by Tembang fish (S. fimbriata) with a proportion of 43.27%, while based on the number of individuals caught it was dominated by L. equulus with a proportion of 91.50%.
The dominance of the size of the TL caught was different for each type of fish. The dominant TL size was caught for Loligo sp and L. equulus at 3-6 cm TL interval, M. maculata at 19-22 cm TL interval, T. savala at 35-38 cm TL interval, and S. fimbriata at 15-22 cm TL interval. 18 cm. Based on the weight of the individual fish caught, the size of the caught weight for Loligo sp was dominated in the interval W 70-91 gr, M. maculata at interval W 180201 gr, T. savala at interval W 4-25 gr, L. equulus at interval W 4-25 gr, and S. fimbriata at interval W 180-201 gr. The catch rate of Floating Bagan per species is in the range of 0.032.37 kg/hour. The highest catch rate was found in S. fimbriata at 2.37 kg/hour and the lowest was T. savala at 0.03 kg/hour.
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