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ЕКОНОМ1КА: реапи часу
№2(24), 2016
ECONOMICS: time realities
UDC 658.5.339
COMPETITIVENESS ENTERPRISE IN MODERN CONDITIONS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Yu.V. Kovtunenko, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor
O.A. Grabovenko
Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, Ukraine
Today, before every company is the issue of assessing the level of competitiveness in order to enhance our competitive position and to offer effective ways of increasing. In modern conditions the competitiveness assessment is the starting point for the development of strategic alternatives relative to strengthening and enhancing the position of the company. For efficient and successful operation of the enterprise in the market, assessment of its competitiveness is an objective necessity. As the process of identifying weak and strong points (advantages and disadvantages) of the enterprise it gives a maximum improvement of its activities and identify its hidden potential possibilities [20].
Analysis of recent researches and publications
Research competition problems and ensure competitiveness of economic agents, theoretical and methodical bases of an estimation of competitiveness level of enterprise are considered in the works of various scholars such as: M. Porter [2], M. Storper [3], B.V. Burkynskyy [4], R.A. Fatkhutdi-nov [5], M. Helvanovskyy, V. Zhukovska, I. Trofimova [5], M. Makdonald, Ya. Danbar [6], I.I. Kretov [7], Sh.Sh. Mahometov [8], O.A. Lebedye-va, N.I. Lyhina [9], I.L. Dulisova [10], I.O. Piddub-nyy, A.I. Piddubna, M.I. Knysh, P.I. Hroshev, S.I. Ozhehov, V.I. Shvets [11] and etc.
Unsolved aspects of the problem
Category of competitiveness is one of the main economy aspects, because there are economic, scientific-technical, production, managerial, marketing opportunities as a separate business entity, and economy as a whole. The concept of "competitiveness" is increasingly becoming the subject of research and analysis specialists and scientists.
The aim of the article is to systematize the methods of performance assessment, research problems, that arising in the course of competitiveness of modern enterprises, and identify effective development and methodological approaches to assessing the level of competitiveness of enterprises. The main part
Modern crisis tendencies in the global and national economy adversely affect to the competitiveness of enterprises. Enterprise
Ковтуненко Ю.В., Грабовенко О.А. Конкурентоспроможнють тдприемства в сучасних умовах: проблеми i перспективи.
В конкурентних умовах будь-яке шдприемство для ефективного функщонування та ощнки cboix перспектив на майбутне повинно ощнювати рiвень власно1 конкурентоспроможность Володточи щлком достовiрною шформащею про власш конкурентш позицп, кожне шдприемство отримуе можливють визначити сво1 переваги та недолши, завдяки чому можна обрати правильну стратепю i тактику поведшки адекватну реалiям сучасних ринкових вщносин. Зауважено, що в сучасних умовах шдприемства для ефективного функщонування та ощнки сво1х перспектив на майбутне повинш аналiзувати та сприяти шдвищенню рiвня конкурентоспроможность У стати розглянуто проблеми i перспективи, що виникають у процес управлшня конкурентоспроможшстю шдприемств в умовах ринково1 економши. Запропоновано основш шляхи шдвищення конкурентоспроможносп шдприемств з урахуванням розвитку сучасно1 економши Украши.
Ключовi слова: конкурентоспроможшсть пiдприемства, перспективи, конкуренщя, проблеми, етапи, оцiнка, анашз
Ковтуненко Ю.В., Грабовенко Е.А. Конкурентоспособность предприятия в современных условиях: проблемы и перспективы.
В конкурентных условиях любое предприятие для эффективного функционирования и оценки своих перспектив на будущее должно оценивать уровень своей конкурентоспособности. Обладая вполне достоверной информацией о своих конкурентных позициях, каждое предприятие получает возможность определить свое преимущество и недостатки, благодаря чему можно выбрать правильную стратегию и тактику поведения, адекватную реалиям современных рыночных отношений. Замечено, что в современных условиях предприятия для эффективного функционирования и оценки своих перспектив на будущее должны анализировать и способствовать повышению уровня конкурентоспособности. В статье рассмотрены проблемы и перспективы, возникающие в процессе управления конкурентоспособностью предприятий в условиях рыночной экономики. Предложены основные пути повышения конкурентоспособности предприятий на основе развития современной экономики Украины.
Ключевые слова: конкурентоспособность предприятия, перспективы, конкуренция, проблемы, этапы, оценка, анализ
Kovtunenko Yu.V., Grabovenko O.A. Competitiveness enterprise in modern conditions: problems and prospects.
In the competitive environment of any enterprise to function effectively and assess its prospects for the future must assess the level of competitiveness. With a fully reliable information about their competitive position, each company is able to determine its advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose the right strategy and tactics of behavior adequate to the realities of modern market economy. Noted that in the present conditions of the enterprise to function effectively and assess its prospects for the future have to analyze and enhance competitiveness. In the article the problems and prospects that arise in the management of enterprise competitiveness in a market economy. The basic ways to improve the competitiveness of enterprises with the development of the modern economy of Ukraine.
Keywords: competitiveness company, prospects, competition, problems, stages, assessment, analysis
Teopia i nparrma eKOHOMÍKH Ta ynpaBmHHS npoMHC^oBHMH nignpneMCTBaMH
competitiveness is a set of interrelated elements, which are aimed at support and development of both existing and to create new competitive advantages.
Enterprise competitiveness is the ability to produce and sell their products quickly, cheaply, efficiently, and to sell it in sufficient quantities, at high technological level of service. Enterprise
competitiveness is the ability to effectively use own and borrowed resources in a competitive market [1].
For a more detailed study of the concept of "competitiveness", consider approaches to its interpretation in the writings of various scholars table 1.
Table 1. Definition of "competitiveness"
Source The definition
Porter M. [2] Competitiveness is a property of a product, service, market entities to act in the market along with present a similar goods, services or competing entities of market relations.
Fatkhutdinov R.A. [5] Considers competitiveness as "a property of an object, characterized by the degree of real or potential satisfaction of specific needs in comparison with similar objects in this market.
"Great Dictionary of Economics" (ed. Azriliyana A.N.) [5] Competitiveness is a property of the product along with the presence of similar products, services or competing entities of market relations.
Helvanovskyy M., Zhukovska V., Trofimova I. [5] Competitiveness in the most General form is possessing the properties that create advantages for the subject of economic competition.
Makdonald M., Danbar Ya. [6] Competitiveness is a measure of the real strength of the organization in each segment, an objective assessment of the company's ability to meet the needs of each segment in comparison with competitors.
Kretov 1.1. [7] Competitiveness is a characteristic of the product that reflects its difference from the goods of a competitor, on the one hand, the degree of compliance of the same social needs, and on the other - the level of costs for addressing these needs.
Mahometov Sh.Sh. [8] Competitiveness means being able to compete. The competitiveness of firms is mainly determined by the competitiveness of the proposed goods.
Lebedyeva O.A., Lyhina N.I. [9] Competitiveness is a complex concept that involves several levels of competitive advantage. To provide a decent (high-end) position of the firm in the market, an important strategic task is ahead of the competition in design and development of new products, new technology, new design, new level of production costs, new prices, innovations in the system of distribution and marketing. This achieves several parameters of competitive advantage.
Dulisova I.L. [10] Competitiveness is a property of the object, characterizing the degree of satisfaction of specific needs in comparison with the best similar objects represented in this market.
Piddubnyy I.O., Piddubna A.I [11] Competitiveness is a potential or realized the ability of the economic entity functioning in the relevant external environment, which is based on the competitive advantages and reflects its position relative to its competitors.
Knysh M.I. [11] Competitiveness is the degree of appeal a given product for carrying out a real buying customer.
Hroshev V.P. [11] Competitiveness is a complex of consumer properties of the product that defines its difference from other similar products by the degree and level to meet the needs of customers and the cost of its acquisition and operation.
Ozhehov S.I. [11] Competitiveness is the ability to withstand competition, resist the competitors.
Shvets V.Ye. [11] Competitiveness is not that other, as a manifestation of product quality in the conditions of market relations and is determined by the ability of the products to be sold in a particular market, to the extent possible and without loss to the manufacturer
Source: Own elaboration [2, 5-11]
After analyzing table 1, we can say that problems and differences of author's positions regarding the definition of "competitiveness" are associated with:
— the scope of competitiveness at the regional, national or global market (enterprise, industry, country);
— replacing that concept to others (competitive status, competitive level and other);
— identification of competitiveness of the enterprise and competitiveness of services or products;
— characteristics of any component of the enterprise competitiveness, such as: competitiveness of labour, productive capacity [12, 13].
There are main stages of the assessment and increase of competitiveness of enterprises (table 2). To assess the competitiveness of enterprises producing a wide range of products, you can use the model, desegrega, using detailed indicators of each specific group of products. This is necessary to determine the place occupied by the given commodity group (or individual products) in a number of presented on the market of similar products [18].
Using the stages of the assessment realization and increase of competitiveness of the enterprise, it is possible to analyze and to identify the main problems and disadvantages of the enterprise.
EKOHOMIKA: peoniï nacy
№2(24), 2016
ECONOMICS: time realities
Table 2. Model phased evaluation and development strategy to increase the competitiveness of enterprises
Stages Title
The first stage The analysis of indicators that determine the competitiveness of the enterprise: — analysis of competitive (market) environment; — analysis of internal (market) environment
The second stage The definition of industry characteristics
Formalization of evaluation methods of enterprise competitiveness
The third stage The allocation of marks and the establishment on them of limits
The definition of the necessary information and the sources of its receipt
The fourth stage Identify additional resources who should be involved in the assessment
The quantification of the individual characteristics for each level of the scale graduations with consideration of weighting factor
The fifth stage Development of actions on increase competitiveness of the enterprise
The sixth stage Control of observance of quality and deadlines
Development strategy of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises
Source: Own elaboration [14, 16]
Therefore, we can conclude that the received information, generates an information field and allow you to:
— first, to provide for a particular period assessment of the competitive environment of the studied subjects in the market;
— secondly, to identify the dynamics of the market and its segments;
— thirdly, a comparison of specific indicators with similar (the same) characteristics of competitors and proceed to the necessary calculations and managerial decision-making.
The main indicators for industrial enterprises are: product quality, breadth of range, the unit cost of production, the price of manufactured products, profit
After analyzing table 3 we can say that the level of use of production capacity is one of the most important techno-economic characteristics that affect the size of costs, product prices and, ultimately, on the
margins, profitability, own capital, liquidity of assets, the creditworthiness and solvency; the level of utilization of production capacities, human resources, salaries, etc. [14].
Through the SWOT analysis it is possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization and develop strategies and tactics work in the market, which is needed for the comparative evaluation of all these indicators and their comparison with similar indicators of competitors.
Indicators that are most often considered by academic economists and without which it is impossible to calculate the rating and the level of competitiveness of enterprise is presented in table 3.
competitiveness of the enterprise. In addition, the very essence of competition is expressed by certain forces that, at this stage, encourage her to develop regardless of whether it operates only domestically or foreign.
Table 3. The system of indicators to measure competitiveness of enterprises
№ n/n Indicator Index Method of calculation Indicator value
Ki Market share ^p v3 Mp V3 - catalog sales volume of the company in the market; Mp - capacity of the market.
K2 The quality of the products Estimated scorecard
K3 The price level Рц P PK p p k, - prices for similar products made by the investigated company to the competitor's price
K4 Breadth ratio range Km md mb Ed - the latitude is valid; Eb - the base latitude
K, Financial stability Oc Estimated scorecard
K6 The level of use ornamental power Kn B4, - the actual annual output of commodity products, - annual production capacity
K7 The distribution level Pfl Y Yk y y k, - the number of commercial enterprises researched the company and competitors
K8 Techno-economic level of the enterprise n Estimated scorecard
K9 Image (level corporate culture) w n Estimated scorecard
k10 The cost of 1 UAH commercial output Bn ç ~B Sn - production cost; B - revenues
K11 Innovative activity level Pia Nm N0 NiH No, - the number of innovations introduced in the studied enterprise
k12 Profitability Estimated scorecard
Source: Own elaboration [14, 16]
Teopia i nparrma eKOHOMÍKH Ta ynpaBmHHS npoMHC^oBHMH nignpneMCTBaMH
Therefore, according to the theory of competition, M. Porter [2] there are 5 problems driving forces of competition:
— not processing of market penetration and new industry competitors;
— finite property buyers;
— the threat of the emergence on the market of goods-changers made by other technology;
— the endless possibilities for manufacturers;
— constant competition between established and new enterprises [13].
The main problems of the low competitiveness of enterprises is:
— the lack of experience of competition; disregard of foreign law; the crudity bilateral and multilateral inter-state agreements;
— the presence of obstacles in the form of appropriate conditions of standardization and certification; the discrepancy of enterprise management systems with international requirements;
— the lack of national fundamental scientific research in this field;
— the activity of Western enterprises, which has existed for decades in the face of fierce competition.
An integrated approach to the solution of these problems requires the provision of interaction between government and enterprises at all levels of competitiveness. To solve these problems, there are ways to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, namely:
— the creation of the company image "fair" price by matching the price and quality;
— the expansion and improvement of the range products;
— best use of material assets and improvement of production yield;
— improving human resource capacity and management structures;
— a thorough study of the market needs;
— the presence of competitiveness domestic suppliers;
— sales promotion by holding various stocks and other companies [19].
Conclusions
A theoretical study is conducted regarding the definition of "enterprise competitiveness" and the questions of competitiveness of the enterprise in modern conditions: problems and prospects of its development. Noted that competition forces producers to introduce innovative production processes, new technologies - need to reduce production costs. Thus the company enhances the quality of the product and attracts the attention of new buyers, and therefore increases their own profits. For the effective functioning on the market it is not enough to only assess the competitiveness of the enterprise, you need to be ready to different situations in the market, only then the management will help the competitiveness of enterprise constantly to make changes (to improve) and manage all processes in the enterprise, which itself before to ensure its competitive advantage with all the consequences for the success of the enterprise.
Abstract
Today before every now faced the problem of evaluation of the in order to strengthen the competitive position and offer effective ways of raising. In modern conditions competitive assessment is the initial step to develop strategic alternatives to enhance and boost enterprise.
Objective: is to systematize the methods of performance assessment, research problems in the competitiveness of modern enterprises and identification of effective and methodical approaches to evaluation of the companies. Modern crisis tendencies in the global and national economy adversely affect the competitiveness of enterprises. The competitiveness of enterprises is a set of interrelated elements that aim to support and develop both existing and create new competitive advantages. The competitiveness of the enterprise - the ability to produce and sell their products quickly, cheaply, efficiently, sell it in sufficient quantities, at a high technological level of service.
We can say that the problems and differences of copyright positions on the definition of "competitiveness" are not only the scale of consideration of competitiveness, regional, national or global market (company, industry, country), but characteristic of any component of the competitiveness of enterprises, such as labor competitiveness, production capacity.
There are the basic stages of assessing and improving competitiveness. To assess the competitiveness of enterprises, producing a broad range of products, you can use the disaggregation model, using detailed indicators characterizing each specific group of products. With stages of assessing and improving the competitiveness of enterprises, perhaps to analyze and identify the main problems and weaknesses of the company.
The main indicators for the industry are: product quality, breadth of range, cost per unit, the price of manufactured products, profit margins, profitability, the availability of equity, asset liquidity, creditworthiness and solvency; capacity utilization; human resources; average wages and more. Through SWOT-analysis may identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company and to develop a strategy and tactics in the market, which is needed for comparative evaluation of these parameters and comparing them with those of competitors.
Therefore, a comprehensive approach to solving these problems requires state and interoperability on all levels of competitiveness. To solve these problems, there are ways to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises through which rapidly increase the effectiveness of the company and come to a new level.
JEL Classification: 010.
ЕКОНОМ1КА: реалП часу
№2(24), 2016
ECONOMICS: time realities
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Надано до редакцшно! колегп 02.03.2016
Ковтуненко Юрш Володимирович / Yuriy V. Kovtunenko
dmitrij-kovtunenko@yandex. ru
Грабовенко Олена Анатолпвна / Olena A. Grabovenko
Посилання на статтю / Reference a Journal Article:
Competitiveness enterprise in modern conditions: problems and prospects [Електронний ресурс] / Yu. V. Kovtunenko, O. A. Grabovenko // Економта: реалп часу. Науковий журнал. - 2016. - № 2 (24). - С. 4146. - Режим доступу до журн.: http://economics.opu.ua/files/archive/2016/n2.html
