CC BY
15
№ БПБ Группы ni=n2=19 Показатели (Х±о) t; P0
исходные итоговые
t; P0 0,48;>0,05 2,39<0,05
5 Задержание «Рычагом внутрь» контрольная 6,2±1,62 6,9±1,89 1,22; >0,05
опытная 6,8±1,89 8,5±2,16 2,58;<0,05
t; P0 1,05;>0,05 2,41<0,05
6 Задержание «Толчком» контрольная 6,5±1,89 6,8±1,89 0,49;>0,05
опытная 6,3±1,62 8,7±2,44 3,56;<0,01
t; P0 0,35;>0,05 2,68;<0,05
ВЫВОДЫ
Результаты проведенных нами исследований доказывают эффективность использования разработанного тренажерного устройства сопряженного воздействия на физические качества и специальные навыки курсантов в процессе физической подготовки. Предложенный тренажер позволяет использовать инерционные свойства груза для формирования техники болевых приемов задержания в положении «стоя», даёт возможность в полную силу отработать приём, не опасаясь нанесения травмы или причинения болевых ощущений, при этом в максимальной степени моделируя условия, приближенные к реальным.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. К вопросу осуществления межпредметных связей в образовательных организациях МВД России / М.В. Крысин, Д.Г. Морев, А.И. Ткаченко, А.Н. Кандабар // Проблемы правоохранительной деятельности. - 2016. - № 4. - С. 83-88.
2. Лигута, В.Ф. Практика применения болевых приемов в стойке сотрудниками ДПС в процессе выполнения оперативно-служебных задач / В.Ф. Лигута, В.А. Серебрянников, В.С. Кше-вин // Ученые записки университета имени П.Ф. Лесгафта. - 2019. - № 3 (169). - С. 187-190.
REFERENCES
1. Krysin, M.V., Morev, D.G., Tkachenko, A.I. and Kandabar A.N. (2016), "To the issue of interdisciplinary communications in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia", Problems of law enforcement, No. 4, pp. 83-88.
2. Liguta, V.F., Serebryannikov V.A. and Kshevin V.S. (2019), "The practice of using painful techniques in the stance by traffic police officers in the process of performing operational and service tasks", Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta, No. 3 (169), pp. 187-190.
Контактная информация: Running_men@mail.ru
Статья поступила в редакцию 28.04.2020
УДК 796.853.232
АНАЛИЗ СОРЕВНОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ ДЗЮДОИСТОВ ПО ВЕСОВЫМ КАТЕГОРИЯМ
Фуркат Кулдашович Ахмедов, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Джизакский педагогический институт, Джизак, Узбекистан; Акрамджон Рузмаматович Абдулаха-тов, доцент, Чирчикский государственный педагогический институт, Чирчик, Узбекистан; Фаррух Шавкатович Ахмедов, аспирант, Самаркандский государственный университет, Самарканд, Узбекистан
Аннотация
Исследование важно для анализа соревновательной деятельности квалифицированных спортсменов по дзюдо. По результатам, тренеры могут выявить достоинства и недостатки дзюдоистов. Кроме того, такой подход может быть плодотворным, чтобы представить современные тенденции схватки по дзюдо. Целью данного исследования, является сравнение показателей соревно-
вательной деятельности дзюдоистов по весовым категориям. Показатели соревновательной деятельности (атаки, защиты и контратаки), предупреждение и их причины, соотношение очков, полученных в схватки со стойки (Nage Waza) и в партере (Katame Waza), а также признаки наиболее часто используемых приемов различного веса категорий дзюдоистов сравнивались. Результаты исследования показывают, что атаки и защитные действия были реализованы гораздо чаще спортсменами в легкой и средней весовой категории. Штрафы за «Non Combativity» были даны для дзюдоистов легкой (50%) и тяжелой (55%) категории, в то время как «Avoid grip» больше всего для средней (31%) категории. Легкие и средние атлеты достигали высших оценок в основном в стойке, 95% и 86% соответственно. Атлетами легкой категории часто выполнялись броски Uchi-mata (41%). Техника Seoi-nage использовалась в основном спортсменами средней и тяжелой категории, 33% и 23% соответственно. Были отмечены значительные различия между весовыми категориями. Спортсмены в легкой и средней весовой категории демонстрировали более высокую соревновательную активность, чем в тяжелом весе. Анализ показателей позволил охарактеризовать особенности, соревновательной деятельности важные для тренеров. В целом результаты данной работы, могут быть применены к практической работе и планированию тренировочного процесса, особенно технико-тактической и физической подготовки дзюдоистов.
Ключевые слова: дзюдо, соревновательной деятельности, весовые категории, планирование тренировок.
DOI: 10.34835/issn.2308-1961.2020.5.p37-43
COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY ANALYSIS FOR THE SKILLED JUDO ATHLETES BY
WEIGHT CATEGORIES
Furkat Kuldashovich Akhmedov, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, Jizakh State Pedagogical Institute, Jizakh city, Uzbekistan; Akramjon Ruzmamatovich Ab-dulakhatov, the senior lecturer, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute, Chirchik city, Uzbekistan;
Farruh Shavkatovich Akhmedov, the post-graduate student, Samarkand State University, Samarkand city, Uzbekistan
Abstract
It is important to analyze the competitive activity of the skilled judo athletes. According to the results, the coaches can identify the advantages and disadvantages of the judokas. Also, this approach could be fruitful to imagine the current trends of the judo combats. The purpose of this study is to compare indicators of the competitive activity of the judo athletes by weight divisions. The indicators of the competitive activity (attacks, defenses and counter attacks), penalties and their reasons, ratios of scores that obtained in standing fight (Nage Waza) and groundwork fight (Katame Waza) and the attributes of the most frequently used techniques by different weight category judokas were compared. The results of the study show that attacks and defenses were implemented much more by the lightweight and middleweight category of the judo athletes. Penalties for "Non Combativity" were given for lightweight (50%) and heavyweight (55%) category judokas, while, "Avoid grip" was given most times for the middleweight (31%) category. The lightweight and middleweight category athletes were achieved mainly in standing fight, 95% and 86% respectively. There were frequently performed Uchi-mata (41%) throws by the lightweight category athletes. The Seoi-nage throwing technique was mostly used by the middleweight and heavyweight category athletes, 33% and 23%, respectively. There were observed significant differences among the various weight categories. The lightweight and middleweight category athletes demonstrated more highly competitive activity than the heavyweight division. The analysis of the indices allowed characterizing the features specific to the representatives. In general, the results of this article can be applied in the practical work and planning the training process, especially the technical-tactical and physical training of the judokas.
Keywords: judo, competitive activity, weight categories, planning training.
INTRODUCTION
Judo is an acyclic and high-intensity, Olympic and Paralympic sport. In judo struggles, athletes are required to be technically and tactically skilled and physiologically experienced in order to obtain demanding results. Most of the theories of this field are however focused on ex-
plaining combat activity of judo athletes [1]. It is permitted during the contests to be hold different struggles containing different weight categories. Moreover, the findings confirm that the diverse technical actions are used by judo athletes in contests [2]. Other studies show that changing competitive indicators of the judokas (attacks, defenses and counter attacks) depends on several factors [3].
According to the current Refereeing rules of the IJF-International Judo Federtion, athletes have a chance to get ippon and wazaari scores. Besides, referees may give penalties (shido and hansoku make) for some activities. The first and second penalties are not considered as a score, however, the third penalty (hansoku make) influences to the struggle. Research results show that the last penalty can identify the winner or loser of the contest [4]. Some authors define that in international competitions, 20.7% of combats finished with penalties [5]. Other investigations confirm that penalties have great importance and both men and women own different values [6].
There is further problem with analyzing of judo contests. Judo struggles can be analyzed using different parameters. It was suggested as a time-motion structure, technical variety (types of techniques), scores and their efficiency index and penalties and others [7]. Various approaches were implemented by researches, while interests to investigating this field have not yet been decreased. Despite this, investigating judo struggles in a new style is still controversial topic. The recent studies confirm that the judo combats have multifaceted aspects [5] and several factors impact judo athletes' competitive activity [8].
The literature review shows that there were not studies technical-tactical variables, type of penalties and their causes, percentage of the most frequently used techniques by weight category. Previous studies have emphasized that using this approach has not been yet experienced in the same time. As far as we know previous research has investigated certain aspects of the judo combats. This gives a significant advantage because the comprehensive study can give reliable findings about the present contest trends of judo competitions. It can be imagined current condition of the top level judokas' preparedness. There for, the aim of this study is compare different competitive indicators of high level judo athletes by weight categories.
METHODS
In World Judo Championship Tokyo-2019, the video images of 70 struggles among male judokas were reviewed. The video images of contests that held by champions and vice-champions till final meetings were analyzed (3 hours, 55 minutes and 53 seconds). The following indicators of judo athletes in competitive activity were defined: a) attack - technical movement directed to defeat the contestant (with and without a score); b) defense - technical movement directed to defend oneself from the attacks of the opponent; c) counter attacks - technical action directed to implement the attack at the same time of defending from attacks; d) penalties given by the referee and their causes. The time-motion data were presented as mean±SD. Also, there were defined the ratios of scores that obtained in fight in standing (Nage Waza) and groundwork fight (Katame Waza) and the most frequently used throwing techniques were determined. All acquired data was classified as following: lightweight category (-60kg, -66kg, -73kg); middleweight category (-81kg, -90kg); heavyweight category (-100kg, over 100kg).
The data in this study were provided from official results web-site of International Judo Federation (http://www.judobase.org). Because the data were provided from open access website and athletes' personal information was not used, there are no ethical issues in analyzing or interpreting these data.
RESULTS
Table 1 presents quantitative indicators of different technical-tactical activities of combat activity. It can be seen from the table below, there is differences between attacks, defenses and counter attacks by weight categories. Acquired information by us show that weight categories
depend on competitive activity. In contrast to heavyweight category judo athletes, the attacks were implemented more by lightweight and middleweight category judo athletes. The attacks were applied by these weight divisions 6.11±3.42 and 4.88±2.38, respectively. There were not found significant differences in defensive actions between the lightweight and middleweight category athletes. This indices were consisted for lightweight 4,55±1,43, and, for middleweight 4,88±3,42. The rest of attacks and defenses of heavyweight category judo athletes showed much lower grade than the other categories. While, there were not observed noticeable values in counter attacks among the weight divisions.
Table 1 - Numerical indicators of attacks, defenses and counterattacks of judo athletes by weight categories_
Weight categories Technical-tactical actions
Attacks Defenses Counter attacks
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Lightweight (n=32) 4.88 2.38 4.55 3.43 1.92 1.04
Middleweight (n=20) 6.11 3.42 4.88 3.42 1.2 0.4
Heavyweight (n=18) 4.06 2.13 3.83 3.62 1.25 0.43
Table 2 gives information about the penalties (shido) and their reasons. The reasons of penalties of lightweight and heavyweight category judo athletes have similar character. The penalty type for "Non Combativity" was frequently given for lightweight and heavyweight category judokas 50% and 55%, respectively. While, penalty for "Avoid grip" was the most taken by middleweight category judokas (31%). In general, for all weight categories the penalty for "Non Combativity" (42%), "False attack" (18%) and "Avoid grip" (22%) have common characters. Penalty for "Outside-contest area" was awarded the least for all weight divisions. Also, it is crucial to note that the penalties for "Defensive posture" for lightweight category and "Escape with head" were not given for both lightweight and heavyweight category judokas (see Table 2).
Table 2 - Ratios of penalties and their causes by weight categories
№ Penalties Lightweight Middleweight Heavyweight Total
number % number % number % number %
1 Non-combativity 9 50 4 25 6 55 19 42
2 False Attack 3 17 3 19 2 18 8 18
3 Avoid grip 5 28 5 31 - - 10 22
4 Outside -Contest area 1 5 1 6 1 9 3 7
5 Defensive Posture - - 1 6 2 18 3 7
6 Escape with head - - 2 12 - - 2 4
Overall 18 100 16 100 11 100 45 100
Nage Waza ■ Katame Waza
Figure 1 - Ratios of Nage Waza and Katame Waza techniques by different weight categories (%)
Figure 1 shows ratios of scores that obtained in standing fight (Nage Waza) and fight in ground (Katame Waza) among weight divisions. It can be seen from the figure, the most effective scores taken by throwing techniques by lightweight and middleweight category judokas. The majority parts of the scores were taken by using the Nahe Waza techniques for lightweight and middleweight 95% and 86%, respectively. It was consisted 76% Nage Waza techniques for
heavyweight category judokas.
The most frequently used techniques among three weight categories were shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from the results that the lightweight category judokas were mostly performed Uchi-mata (41%) and O-uchi-gari (16%) techniques, while, the Seoi-nage were the most used by middleweight and heavyweight category athletes 33% and 23%, respectively. Furthermore, O-uchi- gari by lightweight category judokas (16%) and Ko-uchi-gari (11% and 15%), Sodetsurikomi-goshi (11% and 15%) techniques by middleweight and heavyweight category athletes were used significantly (see Figure 2). In general, eight types of the throwing techniques were mostly performed by all weight divisions.
60
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t 50
Ja
1 40
1 30
<u
Is 20
1 10
o
s-
<u
tu 0
Lightweight Middleweight Heavyweight
The most frequently used throws with effective implementation
Uchi-mata Tamoe-nage Uke-otoshi Sumi-otoshi Ko-uchi gari O-uchi gari Seoi nage
Sode-tsurikomi-goshi Others
Figure 2 - Effective throwing techniques by weight categories
DISCUSSION
This study had purpose to compare indicators of competitive activity of high level judo athletes by weight divisions. It was confirmed by results that there was a specific characteristics in each weight category.
It is important to highlight that the most technical-tactical actions (attacks, defenses and counter attacks) were used by the lightweight and middleweight category athletes than the heavyweight. Another promising finding is that the defensive actions for all weight division were used significantly less than the attacks and counter attacks. The previous studies found that difference of the rate of attacks, defenses and counter attacks in judo struggle depends with several factors [3]. A similar conclusion was reached by previous findings with our results. It can be conclude that these indices are connected directly by weight division of the athletes.
From these results it is clear that there were also important to explain penalties and their causes. The penalty for "Non-combativity" was most commonly accepted by lightweight and heavyweight category athletes. Also, lightweight and middleweight category athletes were penalized for "Avoid grip" activity, significantly. While, for heavyweight division the penalty type of "False attack" was more consisted comparing than the other two weight categories. Overall, the three types of penalties ("Non-combativity", "Avoid grip" and "False attack") were most specific for all weight categories. When comparing with all weight contestants, there were not found differences among the weight divisions. This could be introduced due to preparing stage of the athletes and struggle strategy. However, when comparing our results to older studies, it must be pointed out that there were not analyzed studies that can illustrate type of penalties and their reasons.
This is an important finding in the understanding of the ratios of Nage Waza and Katame Waza techniques. Our results demonstrated that standing fight techniques were used the most dramatically by lightweight and middleweight category athletes than the heavyweight. There were found that only 5% of the scores were obtained with groundwork fight by lightweight category athletes till final fights. However, these results were shown in others studies [9], in which authors calculated Nage Waza (86,47%) and Katame Waza (13,53%). Contrary to the findings
of other studies there were identified significantly differences with previous studies. It is interesting to note that in our research, the high percentages of scores were taken by using throwing techniques. This could be clear indication for coaches about the need to prepare of athletes very well for fight in standing but not forgetting a specific preparation to face the groundwork fight situation.
It is worth discussing these interesting facts revealed by the results of our observation. The results showed that Uchi-mata and O-uchi-gari throwing techniques were dominant for lightweight category athletes. While, Seoi-nage, Ko-uchi gari and Sode-tsurikomi-goshi techniques were used mostly for middleweight and heavyweight category athletes till final contests. The results confirm that these findings could be good choice for coaches to determine technical-tactical preparation of judokas according to the weight. Comparing the other studies, there were not obtained generic and similar pattern of results, while, it is important to note, that the previous evidences relies on analyzing the throwing techniques in general bases and the weight divisions were not divided. Also, it was confirmed by the researches, there were different results among the scientific views on this field [10].
CONCLUSION
The current study was the aim to compare competitive activity of skilled judo athletes by weight categories. This knowledge contributes to create a new paradigm of the competitive model of skilled judo athletes. The results indicate that the lightweight and middleweight category athletes presented high technical-tactical actions during the observation. While, there were observed low values of counter attacks for all weights. The main parts of scores were taken by using the standing techniques for lightweight and middleweight category athletes.
The analysis of the most commonly used throwing techniques and taken penalties provides a clear picture of current judo contests. The results of this paper can be applied to practical work and planning training process, especially technical-tactical and physical training.
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