CC BY
49УДК: 339.137.22
COMPETITION AMONG THE AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES IN THE
ELECTRIC CAR INDUSTRY
Arkhipov A.D., student
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: Alex56576@yandex.ru
Abstract. The electric car industry has been developing at a rapid pace in the last ten years, during which the market volume has grown by about 50 times. Analyzing the potential of this market, car companies tend to invest large sums in the development of their own technologies that will help to get. specific advantages over other companies. At the same time, one of the most famous car companies are the American Tesla and the Chinese BYD, which last year became the world leader in the number of electric cars sold, increasing the number of cars sold more than twice compared to the results of2021. Aware of the fierce competition in this market, automakers tend to regularly study consumer preferences, as they need to understand what buyers want to get from the purchased models of cars. However, in an effort to conquer new niches in the young market of electric vehicles, companies need not to forget about other preferences of buyers, among which is the desire to save money on buying a car. Therefore, companies need to focus on improving the characteristics of manufactured electric vehicles and expanding the vehicle configuration, which will attract new customers.
Key words: electric cars, automotive industry, Tesla company, hybrid engines, electric engines.
КОНКУРЕНЦИЯ МЕЖДУ АВТОПРОИЗВОДЕТЕЛЯМИ В ОБЛАСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭЛЕКТРОАВТОМОБИЛЕЙ
Архипов А.Д., студент
Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации, Москва, Россия
E-mail: Alex56576@yandex.ru
Аннотация. Промышленность электроавтомобилей развивается большими темпами в последние десять лет, за которые объемы рынка выросли примерно в 50раз. Анализируя потенциал данного рынка автомобильные компании стремятся вкладывать большие суммы на развитие собственных технологий, которые помогут получить. конкурентные преимущества перед другими компаниями. При этом одними из самых известных автомобильных компаний являются американская Tesla и китайская BYD, которая в прошлом году стала мировым лидером по количеству проданных электроавтомобилей, увеличив количество проданных машин более чем в два раза по сравнению с результатами 2021 года. Осознавая наличие жесткой конкуренции на данном рынке, автопроизводители стремятся регулярно изучать потребительские предпочтения, так как им необходимо понимать, что покупатели хотят получить от покупаемых моделей машин. Однако, стремясь завоевать новые ниши на молодом рынке электроавтомобилей, компаниям необходимо не забывать и о других предпочтениях покупателей, среди которых можно назвать желание сэкономить на покупке машины. Поэтому компаниям необходимо сконцентрироваться на улучшении характеристик производимых электроавтомобилей и расширении комплектации автомобилей, что позволит привлечь новых покупателей.
Ключевые слова: электроавтомобили, автомобильная промышленность, компания Тесла, гибридные двигатели, электрические двигатели.
1. INTRODUCTION
The automotive market is going through huge changes caused by new trends in the development of society. One of them is the emergence of demand for machines that can reduce the negative human impact on the environment - the desire of consumers to buy cars equipped with hybrid or fully electric motors. That is why today large automobile companies are striving to develop their own technologies that will help to gain advantage over competitors in the new market of electric vehicles. Now the main players in this market will be considered.
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2. ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTRIC AUTOMARKET
Today, automakers are striving to meet new requirements from car buyers, which forces them to invest in the development of new technologies. In recent years, such innovations have appeared in the automotive industry as machines controlled by artificial intelligence, a voice assistant has appeared in some cars, but, most importantly for people who are trying to minimize the negative impact of humanity on the environment, it has become possible to reduce the amount of environmental pollution caused by the use
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of cars with an internal combustion engine, because there are alternative products - firstly, cars with a hybrid engine (which can run on both traditional fuel and using electricity [1]), and secondly, cars with a full electric motor. We will talk about the distribution of these machines in this article.
The beginning of the history of the electric car begins in the early 19th century, when the first prototype of the small-scale model car appeared [2]. Of course, the electric batteries and the engine created at that time are very different from the modern models that are used in modern cars, however. this was a serious breakthrough in scientific and technical progress [3].
Today, the automotive industry in the field of electric vehicles has largely become widespread thanks to the well-known company Tesla, owned by Elon Musk, however, this dig is not the only one on the market, since other automakers, having seen the success of Tesla and the demand for this new product from buyers [4], also decided to invest large sums of money in exploring the potential. and the possibilities of establishing the production of electric vehicles. Among the other well-known automakers that have joined the modern trend to minimize the negative impact on the environment are BMW, Nissan, Renault and. some other giants of the automotive market. companies are interested in the production of this type of products as they see great potential for the development of the electric power industry. In addition, they do not want to miss the benefits, since the annual sales of electric vehicles exceed a million units, which is already an essential market for products.
To understand the size of the market of the electric cars we need to study the following figure:
12000 -
10000
8000 -
6000 -
4000 -
2000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 20212022
..III
As we can see from this graph, back in 2013, the number of electric cars sold did not exceed 210 thousand units worldwide, which means that ten years ago this market was not interesting for either buyers or manufacturers. However, during each of the last nine years, the number of electric cars and hybrid-powered cars sold (cars that can move both with the help of a conventional fuel engine and an electric motor) has been growing, and according to experts, in 2022 the market volume of electric cars amounted to more than 10.5 million units, which is approximately 13% of the total number of cars sold in 2022 [5], although in 2013 the share of electric cars sold was only 0.2% of the total market volume. This. the phenomenal growth indicates a great interest of consumers in a new type of product, which will certainly receive support from automotive concerns heading in the direction of electric motor development.
Taking into account the ever-growing car market, new players are constantly appearing on it, who are striving to occupy their niche in the rapidly developing industry. Below we will consider the main players of this market.
Mercedes-Benz Group BMW Group Stellantis VW Group BYD
0
500 1000 1500 2000
■ Battery Electric vehicles ■ Plug-In Hybrids
Figure 1. Global electric cars sales, thousand units. Source: [5]
■ Number of electric and hybrid cars sold in 2022 by company, thousand units
Figure 2. Global electric cars sales, thousand units.
Source: [2]
The absolute leader of the electric car market is the Chinese company BY [6], which increased its sales of electric cars and vehicles with hybrid engines by 211% in 2022. The second place in terms of the number of cars sold is occupied by the American company Tesla, which sold about 1.3 million cars last year [7]. The following places are occupied by such large automobile manufacturers as Volkswagen Group, GM, Stellaris, BMW and others [8; 9].
3. RESULTS
Taking into account the fierce competition between automakers. in this new market, companies need to develop a clear development strategy that will
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allow them to gain a concrete advantage over other corporations. Some analysts say that in 2030 the share of electric cars to all cars will increase greatly [10] and to make this happen, companies need to. conduct a regular analysis of consumer behavior, since in this new market consumers can dramatically change their preferences. For example, today consumers demand new breakthroughs from companies in the development of machine elements, for example, it is worth paying special attention to increasing engine power and increasing the time during which the car can move without additional recharging. To do this, companies need to invest heavily in the development of new technologies, as well as attract new specialists who will be able to give new models of cars the characteristics that the buyer expects. In addition, in addition. the development of innovative technologies, automotive companies should also pay attention to the characteristics that are present in cars with traditional engines, for example, ride comfort, affordable prices, stylish design and interior. All this will help attract new customers and not lose existing ones.
4. CONCLUSION
The automotive market is developing very rapidly. even today, consumers have a huge choice among various models of machines with various characteristics. One of these options is the ability to select an engine that can. be like an internal combustion engine, an all-electric engine or a hybrid. Today, manufacturers are striving to develop two. the latter type, since there are significant growth rates of the electric vehicle industry, which is why the number of players in the market. it is constantly increasing. In order not to lose their market share and increase the number of loyal customers, automakers need to think about options that will allow them to get better technology than their competitors.
REFERENCES
[1] Whatacar. Electric and hybrid cars explained. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.whatcar.com/advice/buying/electric-and-hybrid-cars-explained/n18052 (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[2] Bellis, M. The History of Electric Vehicles Began in 1830. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-electric-vehicles-1991603 (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[3] Whatacar. History of the electric car. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.whatcar.com/news/history-of-the-electric-car/n18063 (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[4] Streetfins. Tesla and the Future of Electric Vehicles. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://streetfins.com/tesla-and-the-future-of-electric-vehicles/ (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[5] EV-volumes. Global EV Sales for 2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.ev-volumes.com/ (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[6] Newstextarea. How many electric cars were sold worldwide in 2022? [Electronic resource]. URL: https://newstextarea.com/how-many-electric-cars-were-sold-worldwide-in-2022/ (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[7] Statista. Number of Tesla vehicles delivered worldwide from 1st quarter 2016 to 4th quarter 2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/502208/tesla-quarterly-vehicle-deliveries/ (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[8] Tridens. Electric Car Sales and Statistics for 2023. [Electronic resource]. URL: https ://tridenstechnology. com/electric-car-sales-statistics/ (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[9] MercedesBlog. BMW sold more cars than Mercedes in 2022. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://mercedesblog.com/bmw-sold-more-cars-than-mercedes-in-2022/ (date of application: 08.04.2023).
[10] JPMorgan. Driving into 2025: The Future of Electric Vehicles. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/research/electric-vehicles (date of application: 08.04.2023).
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