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Buleca Jr. Jan, Buleca Jan, Reichel Peter, Huska Miroslav, St'astna Danka,
Tuckova Marta ©
University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
COMPARISON OF SERUM PARAMETERS OF ENERGETIC METABOLISM IN DIFFERENT BREED TYPES OF PIGS
Abstract
Our work is focused to comparison of inter-breed differences of selected parameters in two selected pig genotypes, mangalica and landrace breeds. At the same time different age categories: piglets at the age 28-30 days and mature sows 14-18 months old were evaluated. Obtained results of biochemical analyses represent different values of serum parameters in piglets category comparing to the values of mature sows: total lipids (TL) (5,56 and 6,98 g/l, total cholesterol (TCH) 1,74 and 1,52 mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) closer values 1,02 and 1,03mmol/l, triglycerides (TG) 0,64 and 0,75 mmol/l and glucose (Gl) 6,90 and 6,72 mmol/l. Similar values between age categories were found in landrace breed group: (TL) (5,56 and 6,98 g/l, total cholesterol (TCH) 1,74 and 1,52 mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) closer values 1,02 and 1,03 mmol/l, triglycerides (TG) 0,64 and 0,75 mmol/l and glucose (Gl) 6,90 and 6,72 mmol/l.
Observed data of serum parameters of lipid profile represents reference interval of values examined in mangalica group. They confirm differences mentioned by authors in other breeds as values inside the reference scale of physiological values.
Key words: serum lipids, cholesterol, pig breeds, mangalica, landrace
Introduction
In present conditions of intensive production the accent in process of improvement and realization of production potential of the animals is put not only on increase the quantitative parameters of utility properties, but also on protection of production health of the animals. For the prevention, observation of parameters of metabolic profile, which could indicate undesirable alteration of health status, is necessary. Metabolic processes of the organism are realized on the different levels and it is possible to observe, determine, influence, but also affect them similarly (Narayanaswamy et al., 2000, Pussinen et al., 1995, Vrzgula, 1990). Possible markers of homeostasis in the organism are represented also by the parameters of energetic metabolism of the blood serum.
Link et al (2007) in their work described the values of total lipids (TL) (2,30±0,50 a 1,47±0,43 g/l) and total cholesterol (1,84±0,36 a 1,83±0,47 g/l) in blood serum of sows 1 and 15 days after the parturition. Slanina and Sokol (1992) determined values in blood serum of pigs for TL: 3,5-5,5 g/l, TCH 2,6-3,9 mmol/l,
© Buleca Jr. Jan, Buleca Jan, Reichel Peter, Huska Miroslav, St'astna Danka, Tuckova Marta, 2008
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Gl: 2,60-3,90 mmol/l. Vrzgula (1990) indicated values of TCH: 4,5 mmol/l, Gl: 3,47,5 mmol/l. Similar results were found by Vitic and Stefanovic (1993). Tischendorf et al (2002) observed in hybrids (pietrain x (landrace x large white)) values of total cholesterol on the levels 2,16±0,58 mmol/l. Dixon et al. (1999) determined the values of plasma triglycerides (0,34±0,03 mmol/l) of miniature pigs of Sinclair breed. Lombardi et al. (2005) measured average values of glucose 45,0±1,7 g/l in 6 weeks piglets of both genders. Gerity et al. (2001) discovered, that hyperlipaemia has no impact on the glucose levels, but indicates 47% increase of HDL-cholesterol levels, which was explained by simple influence of voluminous increase of total cholesterol. Other data about the values according to age categories or breed affiliation are missing in available literature.
In the process of domestication improvement and selection of different characteristics and properties was realized. After mentioned changes, present breed genotypes represent frequently significantly different somato-metabolic types. For identification of reference values of individual parameters of metabolic profile is necessary to differentiate reference interval also in respect of possible inter-breed differences and age categories.
Regarding to breed characteristic of observed genotypes of landrace and mangalica breeds, both represent significantly different improvement breed status.
Mangalica breed is regarded as Mediterranean type of pig (Sus mediterraneus). Its genotype come out of Serbian breed sumadinka, bred on the territory of Balkan. During the 18th century was the breed spread to the north into the area of Carpathian basin. On the former Ugrian area primitive local breeds known as szalontai and bakon breeds were bred. Crossing of those autochthonous regional breeds with sumadinka breed was created the breed mangalica. Breed represents lard utility type and is characterized by slow growth and development, good health status, low demandingness, lower production and resistance against environmental conditions (Bodo, 2004, Kutvolgyi and Toth, 2003).
Landrace breed comes from Nordic pigs, domesticated was from European wild boar (Sus scropha ferrus). Originally was the breed improved in Denmark and represents highly selected meat type of pig. Constitution is soft, some breed types are characterized as overselected (meat defects, stress susceptibility and others). Growth intensity is excellent as well as characteristics of meat utility type, and reproduction parameters. Landrace is universal breed used in breeding programs in both maternal and sire positions (Spacek et al., 1987, Sambraus, 2006).
Aim of the article
Work was focused to analyze of selected parameters of energetic metabolism of different genotypes of pigs, namely mangalica and landrace breeds of different age categories.
Material and methods
In our work analyses of serum parameters of cholesterol and lipid profile (TL, TG, TCH, HDLC and Gl) in 16 animals of mangalica pig breed and 16 animals of
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landrace breed in two different age categories were done: in piglets 28-30 days of age and mature sows 14-18 months old.
Animals became from breeding of Krna (Poltar District) farm in middle part of Slovak Republic and Testing station for fattening and carcass value determination in Spisske Vlachy (Kosice District). Condition and health status of animals was good. Blood samples were taken from sinus ophthalmicus in piglets and from vena cava cranialis in mature sows. Biochemical analyses were determined spectrophotometricaly (Pliva-Lachema, Brno, Czech Republic). HDL lipoprotein fraction of cholesterol was determined on automatized analyzer Reflotron (Germany). Obtained results were processed statistically.
Results and discussion
Observed results of analyses of selected serum components of energetic profile and cholesterol fraction analyze represent mostly different values in piglets' category in comparison to mature sows. Data are submitted in Table 1. In piglets category lower values of TL (5,56 and 6,98 g/l) and TG (0,64 and 0,75 mmol/l) were detected in comparison to mature animals. On the contrary higher values were found in TCH (1,74 and 1,52 mmol/l) and Gl (6,90 and 6,72 mmol/l) levels. HDLC content was numerical similar (1,02 and 1,03 mmol/l). Comparing to the literature TL and TCH levels were under the lower border of reference interval in mangalica breed of both age categories.
Examined data will contribute to actualization of reference interval values as well as for deepening the knowledge in mentioned categories of animals for evaluation of balance of their energetic metabolism.
Obtained different values of the observed parameters of sucklings and mature sows of mangalica breed had similar trend also in landrace breed. Significant interbreed differences between mangalica and landrace breeds were in the levels of total lipids (6,98 and 3,60 g/l), as well as in the values of HDL-cholesterol (1,02 and 0,73 mmol/l) and triglycerides (0,75 and 0,45 mmol/l). Opposite tendency was showed in mentioned genotypes in the values of total cholesterol (1,52 and 3,15 mmol/l). Levels of glucose were similar in both examined breeds (6,72 and 6,53 mmol/l).
Our values correspond with the data observed by some other authors: Dixon et al., (1999) (total cholesterol 78,7±3,0 mg/dl, triglycerides 0,34±0,03 mg/dl), Lombardi et al., (2003) (glucose 45,0±1,7 g/l) and Kreuzera et al., (2002) (total cholesterol 0,87±0,22mg/dl).
Conclusions
Based on the data mentioned we could state, that observed parameters of energetic metabolism in average showed the levels inside of the reference values, but also some significant inter-breed differences and differences between the age categories. Observed level of energetic metabolism and significant differences in the levels of some markers indicate inconsistency of metabolism in examined different genotypes, namely mangalica and landrace breeds.
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Table 1: Parameters of lipid profile in mangalica breed (average and standard deviation)__
Category
piglets (n=8) mature sows (n=8)
Total lipid (g/l) 5,56±1,78 6,98±1,67
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 1,74±0,57 1,52±0,22
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) 1,02±0,22 1,03±0,21
Triglycerids (mmol/l) 0,64±0,23 0,75±0,25
Glucose (mmol/l) 6,90±0,84 6,72±1,39
Table 2: Parameters of lipid profile in landrace breed (average and standard deviation)
Category
piglets (n=8) mature sows (n=8)
Total lipid (g/l) 2,58±0,42 3,60±0,68
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 2,02±0,22 3,15±0,26
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) 0,78±0,17 0,73±0,17
Triglycerids (mmol/l) 0,52±0,16 0,45±0,07
Glucose (mmol/l) 5,55±0,56 6,53±0,54
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Summary
In submitted work we examined parameters of lipid profile (TL, TG, Gl, TC, and HDL-cholesterol) in two different pig genotypes, landrace and mangalica breeds. We have found average values inside of the reference interval of physiological values, but also significant inter-breed differences of most of the parameters as well as differences between observed age categories. Detected inconsistency between examined categories is significant for evaluation of changes of health status and analysis of homeostasis affection.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV 20-063205 and by the scientific grant project VEGA No. 1/4431/07.
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