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6COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHITOSAN, PHOTOMODULATION AND PHYSICAL EXERCISES INFLUENCE ON OPERATING WOUNDS REGENERATION IN EXPERIMENT
Uzakov T., Uzakov O., UzakovaA.
Kyrgyz State Medical Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training (KSMIR&AT)
named after S.B. Daniyarov International Higher School of Medicine - IUKAC
Abstract
The study was carried out on 60 white Wistar rats, simulating a surgical wound. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 is control - rats from this group were made an incision on the sidewall, abdominal wall, followed by natural healing within 10 days; Group 2 - an incision followed by the use of chitosan ointment; Group 3 - the wound was exposed to photostimulation treated with methylene blue; Group 4 - physical activity in the postoperative period on a treadmill for 30 minutes; Group 5 - complex application of chitosan, photostimulation, and physical activity.
Wound healing was recorded by determining the area, photo-fixation of the wound, and histological examinations of the skin and internal organs were performed.
Outcomes obtained: The best wound healing according to planimetry and histological studies was significant observed in group 5 with the complex treatment of the surgical wound.
Conclusions: The rehabilitation complex for large surgical wounds should include previously local effects of physiotherapeutic procedures and physical activity.
Keywords: surgical wound, rehabilitation, chitosan, photomodulation, and physical exercises.
The problem of effective healing of postoperative wounds is clear to every surgeon. Inflammation of the wound up to the suture line disruption is very common and often negates the effectiveness of the operation itself [10, 14]. Many ointments and surgical dressings are offered to prevent inflammation, in particular, based on chitosan [1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 13]. In addition, a proven fact is the effectiveness of the use in the early rehabilitation period of local exposure to the wound of physio-therapeutic procedures, in particular laser light therapy, polarized light, and photomodulation of the wound surface with stains with tropism to certain microbes [3, 5, 7]. There is evidence of an anti-inflammatory effect of low-intensity physical exercises in surgical wounds, while high-intensity exercises do not accelerate wound healing, at least against the background of diabetes mellitus [11, 15]. It has been shown that photo modulation enhances the anti-inflammatory effect of chitosan [9]. The above is most clearly reflected in surgical interventions on the abdominal wall [8, 16].
The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of a complex of chitosan, photomodulation with methylene blue, and physical exercises on the postoperative wound healing in white rats in comparison with a natural process and an isolated action.
Material and Methods
The effect of a complex of chitosan, photomodulation with methylene blue, and physical exercises on the postoperative wound healing was studied in an experiment with 60 white rats of both sexes weighing 130-189 g. The animals are divided into 5 groups of 10 rats. Group 1 is control - rats from this group were made an incision on the sidewall, abdominal wall, followed
by natural healing within 10 days; Group 2 - an incision followed by the use of chitosan ointment; Group 3 - the wound was exposed to photostimulation treated with methylene blue; Group 4 - physical activity in the postoperative period on a treadmill for 30 minutes; Group 5 - complex application of chitosan, photostimulation, and physical activity. Wound healing was recorded by photographing by determining the area and speed of wound healing. On day 10, the animals were killed under hexenal anesthesia. The severity of lympho-leuko-cyte infiltration, plethora was determined, and the presence of dystrophy of internal organs was also observed on histological skin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cellular composition of the separated wound was determined on Pap smears stained according to Romanowsky-Giemsa.
Outcomes Obtained and their Discussion
There were no deaths of rats. The initial area of the wound with a line disruption by 3 mm and an incision length of 30 mm was 90 mm2. On the second day, the wound area slightly increased in all groups (Table 1). Wound serous drainage was observed. The edges and bottom are edematous, hyperemic. Neutrophils in the experimental group are from 20 to 37%, lymphocytes -38 - 39%, macrophages - 25 - 42%. On day 10, neutrophils remain the main cellular component (45%) in the wound fluid in control rats, with slightly fewer lymphocytes, which indicates the chronicity of the process, and macrophages are a minor fraction. In the group with the combined effect of three factors, a significantly lower number of leukocytes are found than in the groups with an isolated action.
Note:
* - the difference compared with the control group is significant, р<0,05; ** - the difference compared to the previous period is significant, р<0,05.
Table 2.
Dynamics of the wound cytological composition (in%)
Table 1.
Surgical wound area (mm2) for different methods of surgical wound rehabilitation in rats
Group 2 days 5 days 7 days 10 days
1 129±24 389±36** 365±25 221±18**
2 130±30 231±31**,* 210±20* 90±15**,*
3 115±29 216±30**,* 215±20* 122±18**,*
4 121±22 207±31**,* 211±22* 98±27**,*
5 122±25 219±20**,* 199±18* 48±16**,*
with different methods of surgical wound rehabilitation in rats
Group 5 days 10 days
Neutroph. Lymph. Macroph. Neutroph. Lymph. Macroph.
1 92±2.4 4±1.3 2.9±0.9 43±2.1 41±1.9 14±1.8
2 36±2.5 37±2.6 26±2.2 14.5±1.3 46±2.2 37±2.1
3 37±2.3 37±2.3 24±2.3 12±1.3 40±2.1 48±2.1
4 33±3.1 35±2.8 26±2.6 13.5±1.3 41.5±1.7 45±2.1
5 21±2.1 37±2.2 43±2.3 8.8±1.2 42.1±2.2 51±2.3
Note:
* - the difference compared with the control group is significant, р<0,05; ** - the difference compared to the previous period is significant, р<0,05.
Conclusions: Thus, the data obtained indicate that moderate physical activity enhances the anti-inflammatory effect of chitosan and photomodulation. Extrapolating to the clinic, we can say that the rehabilitation complex for large surgical wounds should include early local impact of physiotherapy procedures and physical exercises on the wound.
References
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DEFINITION MICRODISPERSE MODELS ENVIRONMENTS
Urusova B.I.,
Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Aliyev Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Professor, professor of the Department of Physics Faculty of Physics and Mathematics Bolatchieva M.S.-Kh. Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Aliyev graduate student 2-year postgraduate of the Department of Physics,
Faculty of Physics and Mathematics
Abstract
In this paper, a model of an optically active isotropic dielectric, quartz, is determined. Applying the Maxwell equation and the Dirac delta function, we obtain that in a microdisperse medium o = o0 , the spatial resonance
at is added to the time atomic field resonance at o = os and the frequency of the spatial resonance os corresponds
to the wavelength X , It is found that for the breaking index, the N2 = 0 frequencyHacroTa is equal Q0 to., and
in the interval between Q0 and N2 < 0 corresponds to the region of absorption by the dielectric of the external electromagnetic field.
Moving from frequencies and wavenumbers to wavelengths by the formulas = 2mc / o0, X = 2ft / kw
, defined, for quartz ®0 ~ 3.0x10 c , A0 = 0.06 microns. and 0.02 microns < l < 0.41 of microns.
Consequently, one-dimensional optical solitons can be formed in such a medium at a given wave length one-dimensional optical solitons.
Keywords: dielectric, Maxwell's equation, Laplace operator, Dirac delta function, quartz, microhomogene-ity, microgranules, optical solitons, heterogeneous medium.
Let us consider when microgranules of an optically active dielectric are chaotically quasi-uniformly and isotropically mixed in a solid-state matrix characterized by a static refractive Nindex nm. In this case, the root-square size of the granules d is much smaller than the root-square distance between them. Each granule will be considered an isotropic dielectric, which will allow us to ignore tensor and vector quantities for dependent variables, since the direction of polarization P of the isotropic dielectric is parallel to the direction of the pulsed electric field E. And given the equation Maxwell [1], we get:
N^=fttfp (1)
c2 dt2 " c2 dt2 ( )
where A is the Laplace operator, and t is time.
Let d << l , dielectric granules can be considered as point particles, then:
P(r, t) = 2 D(rj, t)8{r - rj), (2)
where
s{r - r ) i
I is the Dirac delta function.
, t) - dipole moment J -of the granule; r - its radius-vector; r - radius-vector of the observation point.
Under the conditions of our problem, the ratio
l / A.
can be considered a small parameter. Then
the decomposition is valid
D(r, t) = D(r -1j, t) = D(r, t)
1 (3)
- (Ij, V)D(r, t) + -(1,, V)2 D(r, t) +...,
where ijj is the vector connecting the granule to the observation point.
The first term of the expansion (4) corresponds to the approximation of a continuous medium; the remaining terms take into account its micro homogeneity.
Applying the mean theorem to formula (3), we obtain the continuous limit:
