CC BY
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Section 12. Economics and management
Antonov Alexey Pavlovich, Moscow state university of design and technology, Ph. D., the Institute of Economics and management E-mail: antonov_a_p@mail.ru
Ratsyna Victoria Fedorovna, Moscow state university of design and technology, student, the Institute of Economics and management E-mail: vika.13-94@mail.ru
Sibileva Vera Yaroslavovna, Moscow state university of design and technology, postgraduate student, the Institute of Economics and management E-mail: veramgudt@yandex.ru
Comparative study of approaches to assessment of informal roles in a working (student) group
Abstract: In the course of the process of education a special organizational context is formed in every student group. Organizational culture that depends on various internal and external factors is used for the purposes of assessment of this context. One of the internal factors affecting the pattern of reinforced organizational values is the informal relationship between the students. Division of informal roles in a working (student) group influences formation of the organizational cultural profile of the group.
Keywords: organizational culture, organizational culture profile, informal roles, student group, higher professional education.
Effectiveness of the educational process depends on several objective factors. One of such factors is organizational culture which that allows to influence for the process of development of professional competencies of students. It brings together organizational values and determines effectiveness of both group and individual performance.
Notwithstanding the innovative nature of studies related to organizational culture of a student group, researches do not pay considerable attention to this field. Such situation is caused by the necessity to conduct a research on organizational culture management within a student group. In the course of a research being carried out in this field by the department of Economics and management (Moscow State University of Design and Technology) an indicator (in the form of detached area) used in assessment of deviation of a personal organizational culture profile from the profile of a group was proposed. An inverse relationship between this indicator and academic performance of students was also identified. A decrease in the size of the detached area through change in composition of a group contributes to increase in effectiveness of the educational process.
In the abovementioned research OCAI framework model developed by K. Cameron and R. Quinn was used [6]. This model is based on description of organizational culture with regard to its key dimensions which form the personal profile of the current and desired organizational culture.
OCAI instrument is a universal tool easy to understand and to use, which allows to identify the system of
organizational values. However, universality of this instrument resulted in weakness of the correlation between detached area and academic performance indices of the students (regression coefficient — R2 = 0.0465) [1]. OCAI model suggests considering the contribution of each participant of the group to be equal when proceeding from description of personal profiles of organizational culture to the group profile. It can be assumed that such approach is simplified and that the profile of a group may be compiled regarding the value of each participant of a working (student) group. The informal relationships between the group members are also an important factor affecting the nature of manifested organizational values.
Resuming the research, it is proposed to improve OCAI model via taking into account the peculiarities of division of informal roles in a student group. An increase in index of regression coefficient between the adjusted detached area and objective indicators qualifying academic performance of students may serve as a proof of validity of the proposed assumptions.
An amended OCAI instrument may serve as a basis for a pattern of student group formation that will increase the level of quality and effectiveness of core process of education as a result of creation of favourable learning environment.
At the first stage of the research a comparative analysis of approaches (theories) to assessment of informal roles in a working (student) group. The results are provided on Table 1.
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Comparative study of approaches to assessment of informal roles in a working (student) group
Table 1. - Comparative analysis of theories considering assessment of informal roles
№ Author Theory Typ°l°gy Advantages Disadvantages
1. R. Meredith Bel-bin [4] Theory of role division in a team «Implementer» «Co-ordinator» «Shaper» «Plant» «Resource Investigator» «Monitor Evaluator» «Teamworker» «Completer Finisher» Specialist Freshness of the idea, fundamental nature, applicability of the theory in practice, laconic description of the theory of role division, optimum quantity of proposed roles, universal, easy to apply In practice the processes of reaching agreement on role division and change of the roles are rather complex
2. M. Maskon, M. Albert, F. Khedouri [7] Theory of role division in a management (leadership) Key roles: Chairman, Ideas, Informer, Expert, Elaborator, Coordinator, Completer Supporting roles: Encourager, Shaper, Doer, Purposing criterion, External contactor High flexibility, possibility of position choice, complexity Incompleteness of measurements, multiplicity of the proposed division
3. C. Margerison, D. McCann [8] Margerison-McCann Team Management Wheel «Reporter-Advisor» «Creator-Innovator» «Explorer-promoter» «Assessor-D evelo per» «Thruster-Organizer» «Concluder-Producer» «Controller-Inspector» «Upholder-Maintainer» Is not only a qualifying instrument, but also a tool used to make an impact. A developed conceptual framework for management analysis Skills are not specially highlighted within the framework of the theory
4. I. K. Adizes [2] «PAEI» methodology Producer Administrator Entrepreneur Integrator Universality of application, accessible diagnostic instruments, study validity Limitation of defining managerial roles
5. I. Myers Briggs [5] MBTI Myers Briggs Type Indicator E-I. continuum Extraversion — Introversion S-N. continuum Sensing — Intuition T-F. continuum Thinking — Feeling J-P. continuum Judging — Perceiving Experimental evidence of the research findings, interest of participants of the research in the process Difficulty in defining the results of the research, focus on sociopsychological personal qualities
6. R. Shindler [10] Theory of “position understanding, individual role” «Alpha» «Beta» «Gamma» «Omega» Easy to apply, not only subjective, but also objective by nature Lack of a set of criteria for assessment of the role of an individual, specified application
7. T. Y. Bazarov [3] Methodology of professional management roles Manager Co-ordinator Administrator Leader The model possess a developed set of psychometric framework, it is possible to use the model for assessment of the management system of an organization as a whole Complexity in application of the model, requires enhancement with respect to peculiarities of application
8. J. Moreno [9] Methodology «role in the group» «Stars» «Preferred (accepted)» «Ignored (isolated)» «Rejected» Completeness of measurements, clearness, validity Complexity, dominance of identification of psychological personal qualities, subjectivity
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Section 12. Economics and management
The set of theories given in Table 1 reflecting only a part of existing approaches to description of informal roles highlights advantages and disadvantages of each theory. Identification of existing approaches allows to optimize the process of research and choice of framework for solving the set problems.
«Theory of role division in a team» developed by American psychologist R. Meredith Belbin, who dedicated ten years to study the environment necessary for successful team performance, marks itself out of the other theories considered above. Belbin managed to create a framework evidenced by a considerably huge amount of experimental data. The basis of the methodology is a scientific theory of role behavior of people and their interaction with a team. The theory of role division in a team proposed by the author is a universal instrument easy to understand and to apply within
the framework of the conducted research. The model allows to provide detailed individual recommendations with regard to development of a team potential by a particular individual and also includes a developed diagnostic and methodological framework.
Notwithstanding several advantages, the following problems are to be solved within a student group for application of this model: firstly, the questionnaire should be revised for the purposes of application in a student environment; secondly, assessment of the influence of individual profile of organizational culture on the group profile should be revised.
An increase in index of regression coefficient between the adjusted detached area and objective indicators qualifying academic performance of students may serve as a proof of validity of the proposed assumptions.
References:
1. Antonov A. P., Sibileva V. Y. Analysis of influence of organizational culture on academic performance of students.// MANazmenta EKOnomika Journal of MANagement and ECOnomics. - ISSN 1337-9488. - MANEKO: 2014.01.
2. Adzies I. Management./Mismanagement Styles. - M.: Alpina Business Books, 2009. - 200 p.
3. Bazarov T. Y., Yeremin B. L. Human resources management: College textbook - 2nd revised and enlarged ed. - M: UNITY, 2006. - 560 p.
4. Belbin R. Meretith. Team Role Summary Descriptions. [online]//[Electronic resource]. - Available from: http://www. belbin.com (2012-2014 BELBIN Associates).
5. Myers-Briggs Isabel, Piter. MBTI. Type Indicator. Gifts Differing. Business psychologists. - 2010. - 320 p.
6. Cameron K., Quinn R. Diagnosing and changing organizational culture./Translated from English ed. by I. V Andreeva. -SPb: Piter, 2001. - 320 p.
7. Mescon M., Albert M., Khedouri F. Management. - M.: Delo, 1999. - 800 p.
8. Margerison C., McCann D., Davies R. Focus on team appraisal.//Team performance management an international journal. - 1995. - vol. 1, № 4.
9. Moreno J. L. Sociometry and the science of man. - New York: Beacon House, 1956. - 156 p.
10. Schindler R. Grundprinzipien der Psychodynamik in der Gruppe (Basic principles of psychodynamics in a group)/ Psyche, 11. - 1957/58. - 314 p.
Starkova Nadezhda Olegovna, Kuban State University, candidate of science in Economics, associate professor, International economics and management department E-mail: n.starkova@mail.ru
Golubev Nikita Vasilievich, Kuban State University, undergraduate of International economics and management department E-mail: neki492@gmail.com
Features of modern refinery complex of Russian Federation
Abstract: Basic features of modern refinery complex in Russia have been researched. Its basic problems have been marked and its priority goal of development have been formulated.
Keywords: oil refinery, fuel, market, oligopoly, competition, petroleum, world market, price, modernization.
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