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Geography of different disease types was studied according to the statistic information in Surkhandarya region by A. Sattarov, M. Uma-rova and Z. Kholmatov. They defined that extension of such disease virus hepatitis, tuberculosis of breathing organs and echinococcus last years. As an example: tuberculosis of breathing organs disease was 977 people in 2003, it was increased to 1129 people in 2005 in the territory of region. According to the statistic information such disease is in high level in Termiz, Denov and Shurchy cities. So, the number of penitent who was taken ill by virus hepatite was also very high level. They were each account of 1000 people 423 people in Termiz, 312 people in Denov, 187 people in Sariosio, 139 people in Shurchi and 135 people in Kumkurgan cities. The author confirms and origin and extension of these disease connects it with medical and economic geographic factors and environmental conditions [3].
The results of scientific investigations done in the circle of medicine geography are show that totally authors approaches as one of the branch of social-economic geography for medicine geography and its research object. That's why, research works of medical geography and nozo-geography, reason of origin disease and their geographic extension, perform which has connection to this tasks in the scientific articles are carried out on the basis of analyzing social-economic factors. But reason of origin of disease, their geographic extension, set in areal places of medical geographic opportunities and different complex land shafts and also connection of medical roots low attention were paid.
We have to emphasize that medicine geography is created under the basis of medical geography, social-economic geography and medical sciences and counted as developed science. According to N, Komilova's and A, Soliev's [1.] ideas if the medicine geography really created under the science of bordering direction, its true that we can count its position in the circle of geography. If exists ap-
pearing hearth of various disease in the nature, we have to analyze on the basis of taxonomic unity system to define them, to give description, to make maps of research work, possibilities of nature of special area or region, structure of relief, microclimate, characters of hydrochemistry and geochemistry of land surface and underground and surface water, plant and animal world and land shaft complex. It is possible to make then by the way of describing them in medical geo-ecologic maps.
If it is carried connectively with research works of medicine geography and directions of medical land shaft study and medical geo-ecology it can make easy to solve problems on medicine geography, produce practical offers and tasks against to the diseases.
If approach to the following investigation on medical land shaft study and medical geo-ecologic point of view, at first: it can give good result of studying and analyzing medical and anthropogen-esis hearth of disease in the round of present land shaft complex; at second: it also practical and scientific the influence can be in high degree of taken results and done conclusion.
Following investigation and views shows that medical and anthropogenic hearth of various diseases were not extended equal in each land shaft type places. They cab be exist in one of this parts of land shaft or its internal parts of one urochishche or farcies. Tuberculosis, malaria and other local stenachor disease can be examples. But some disease type can be against, they can be largely extended in medicine geographic districts, provinces, zones an countries. Mountain disease, endemic crop, sunburn and other evictor disease can be examples. We think, approaching medical geo-ecologic point ofview and doing medical geographic research of medical land shaft study, existed hearth of expanding disease in analyzing objects, making medical geographic maps which was painted areal in different zoom of disease.
References:
1. Komilova N. K., Soliev A. S. Medical Geography. (Medical Geography). - Tashkent. "Istiklol". - 2005. - 160 p.
2. Turdimambetov I. R. Medical-geographic analysis of Amudarya delta and development of sanitarian-hygiene situation.//Abstract. Candidate dissertation. - Tashkent. - 2005. - 22 p.
3. Sattorov A., Umarova M., Kholmatov Z. Geography of some disease types in Surkhandarya region.//Creation and development of school of geography in Southern Uzbekistan. - Termiz. - 2006. - P. 112-113.
4. URL: http: www. samstat.uz
5. URL: http: www.stat.uz
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-24-26
Nazarov Xolmirza Tirkashovich, Professor Yusupova Kamola, PhD student Samarkand State University E-mail: [email protected]
Comparative study fodder plant in desert condition submontane in semidesert and utilization of amelioration
Abstract: The aim of our research was selection and in visitation of eco-biological and economically valuable peculiarities, more perspective prospects of food under their sorts, useful for creation of seed food agricultural lands and haymaking in piedmont semi desert of Uzbekistan. The task of the research contained comparative research of their rise and development, food and seed productivity, and food mass. Practical value of the work was concluded in that for the first time the condition of piedmont semi desert of Uzbekistan. Was given comparative complex mark according to eco-biological peculiarities and economically valuable signs of various prospects and sorts of food dwarf semi shrubs.
Comparative study fodder plant in desert condition submontane in semidesert and utilization of amelioration
Keywords: natural condition, climate, pasture, types of food, sand layer, phonology, physiology, harvesting.
Introduction. Present situation of desert and semideserts pasture of Uzbekistan be characterized progressive degradation productivity and the quality of stern. Discount to present pass from heaven 260 types of stern plant from natural flora and distinguished more 30 available subshrub, differentiate from productivity and high suitability in extreme condition of desert [1]. Special activity in that acquire comparative from eco- biology research of important types of stern in semidesert, permit to cheat selection most avthailable types, quality of the arid stern plant for the amelioration submontane semidesert in Uzbekistan. In that actual mission and devote that work, itself representational total research of many years about comparative analysis and mark for the different types and quality submontane condition in semidesert in Uzbekistan.
Aim and mission of research. The aim of our research report is selection and observation eco-biology and more economical valuable specifics available types of stern in semidesert and its types, suitable for generation drizzle of stern land and haymaking in submontane semidesert in Uzbekistan. In task our research go in comparative study its growth and development, stern and seminal of productivity, mass of stern consist of condition in submontane was given comprehensive mark in Uzbekistan. Feature and economical valuable and differ from valuable of eco-biology of stern in semi-desert, consern of ten types of economical family of chenopodia-ceous and astrovs — chogon, qomforous, izen, keyruk, wormwood of tereskuni in Uzbekistan. Practical value of our work include basis of research of eco- biology and study different types and quality of semideserts dedicated valuable class and types for using in amelioration semideserts in pasture submontane of Uzbekistan.
Nature condition place where we conducting our exploration. Experimental work perform exsperienced field in Nurota. Experienced field located in zone submontane semideserts in southwest pediment centre of column Nurota its high 660-670 m. Climate characterized with snap rippling daily and annual number atmospheric fall-out with uneven prolapse [2]. Maximum number it prolapse in winter- spring period. Average year fall-out period of average form 206 mm, average years temperature of air is -13,4 degrees, absolute maximum temperature of air 43,1 degrees, absolute minimum is minus 29 degrees, average relative dump of air is 55,4 degrees. Wind principally in north side, after midday speed of wind increased.
Pedogenic breed serve fine-grained and deep deposition of skeleton, which characterized high afforest. In place prevail has light sierozem with wormwood and eferoids association. Content humus in there is 1-1,5%, nitrogen 0,05-0,09%. Horizont where is many gathering carbonate (scaling to lime, from 20%) standi in deep to 20-30 from 60-80 sm. Below plaster available horizont. In submontane semidesert Nurata sweep with eferoids types in semi-desert. Base of plant intercession with Carex pachystylis J. Gay, Poa bulbosa L. Artemisia, diffusa Krasch ex Poljak, Alhagi pseudalhagi (Beib) Fisch, Peganum harmala and first year efemer.
Object and method of research. Object of research is 6 types of arid culture- chogon, qamforos, keyruk, izen, tereskina and wormwood. Experimental crop produce in autumn- winter period ofyear soil beforehand; work up. autumn ploughing in deep 22-25 sm, harrowing in two marking with lack of faith. Accounting field allotment 30m, replication experiment 4 time. In way of crop wide line between rows race 60sm. Norm of sowing for izen 3 kilo, keyruk and tereskina- 5 k, chogon and poliney- 0,5 k, 100% of economical family. Phenological survey according to take method of Beydeman
survival of plant detect by basis of survives number, spring (may) plant and autumn (october) plant, as well asi according to year comparison with number appear sprout vegetation in first year. Plants growth of dynamics by force of monthly by population instrumentation. (l00 plants). Crop yield of sterns mass and family detect by method of directive department of sterns culture WIP (1979) and WNII (1978).
Output and theirs discussion. Near sunken sowing seed in deserts stern plants ascend early spring in period melting snow. First ascend (2-3 febmary) komforosma, teresken and polin. after 20 day (in first decade of march) izen, chogon, keyruk. In last years first (2 decade of february) grow komforos, teresken, polin. secondly (in 1-2 decade of march) — izen, chogon, and keyruk. The phrase "beginning of flowering" pass in following sequence: izen — (1 decade of may), Chogon, qamforosma and glasswort (3decade of may), teresken and polin (1 decade june). The seed of chenopodicious culture mature in 3 decade of october, in sequence — teresken- izen — keyruk- chogon- qomforosma, asid of (polin) only in 1 november and later. By duration vegeteriansi period of culture following allocate: keyruk (235 days) — teresken (240 days)- izen (243-255 days) — chogon (250 days) — qomfo-rosma (255-265 days)- polin (255-265 days).
Survival cohort. In 6 years of life according to its survival allocate in following sequence: izen (80,1-85,3%), keyruk (75,378,2%), teresken (72-73%), polin (40-60%), chogon (45,3%), qomforos (36,4%). Rootage systern. Study about rootage systern separate in arid stern plants (in different zone) engage a lot of research people Amelin, Blagoveshenskiy, Petrov, Nechayeva, Shalit, Shamsutdinov and Rabbimov [3]. In condition of culture in submontane semidesert Nurota rootage systern arid; stern plants in 5 year of life passage in different deep of chogon- 450 sm, keyruk-325 sm, izen-325 sm, polin- 250-300 sm, teresken- 250 sm. [4]. Horizontal distribution rootage according to its culture is found limit 150-200 sm in diameter.
Altitude plants. In average in 6 year of studying broadside of high (77-89) has izen, choga and polin. Keyruk already in his life achieve his more high average high 6 years level in this sign. Rest types of plant in his first year lower of average 6years level 24 sm (polini), 21sm (teresken), chogon, izen [5]. Productivity of stern and family. In average 6 years study of crop yield deserts stern of plant form 3,9-23,5 dry mass of stern. More crop field has izen (11,2-23,5), keyruk (18,9-20,3), and chogon (16,4) [6]. The copy field family's culture in average in 6 years study include 0,7-5,8. The highest crop field has keyruk (5,3-5,8), izen (3,7-3,9).
Conclusion
1. In condition in submontane in semideserts Nurata region of Samarkand Uzbekistan dupe 6 years comparative complex study about 6 types of available deserts plant from chenopodiavious and acid subdumi and the life of subdumi.
2. In duration vegetarian period of culture sequence in following systern: keyruk (235 days), teresken (240 days), izen (243-255days), chogon (250 days), qamforosaj (255-265), polin (255-265 days).
3. In condition of culture in the 5 year of life roofage systern of studying types of pass in deep depth: chogon 450 sm, keyruk 325sm, izen 325sm, polin 250-300sm, teresken 250sm.
4. In high survival of plant in six years of theirs life has izen- 8085,3%, keyruk- 75,3-78,2%, teresken- 72-73%, average of survive polin- 40-60%, chogon-45,3%, qomforosa- 36,4%.
5. In average in 6 year corp field desert stern form of plant 3,9-23,5% dry stern mass. More corp field has izen-11,2-23,5%, keyruk-18,9-20,3% and chogon 16,4%. Copy field of family for culture in average in 6 years study has izen 0,7-5,8%, and chogon 2,7-2,9%.
6. According to complex economical ayaillable mark more perspective for create higher productivity of pasture agrophytoce-nosis autumn-winter period in condition submontane semideserts
Uzbekistana has subshrub — chogon and tersken and subshurbus types as izen, keyruk, polini.
In the condition of piedmont pasture in Uzbekistan was held comparative complex research in 6 types of more perspective deserted food plants out ofpigweeds family belonging to vital. According to economically variable features more perspective for creation high productive pastoral of agro plant formation, autumn and winter usage in piedmont desert in Uzbekistan.
References:
1. Amelin I. S. Improvement deserts and semideserts of pasture in Central Asia. - Samarkand. - 1981. - P. 86.
2. Zakirov K. Z. Flora and plants river pool in Zarafshan. - Tashkent. - 1975. - P. 53.
3. Shamsutdinov Z.Sh. Create long standing pasture in arid zone of Central Asia. Publishing house- "Fan". - Tashkent. - P. 175.
4. Nazarov X. T. Comparative biology, energy and economical mark some stern in subshurb and submontane semideserts in Uzbekistan. Theory and practise about arid stern productivity. Samarkand. - 1988. - P. 28.
5. Nazarov X. T. Study about types, quality and available examples of stern plants ini conditon submontane semideserts of Uzbekistan. Gene pool and selection of arid stern plants. - Tashkent. - 1989. - P. 40-46.
6. Nazarov X. T. Comparative mark productivity and stability some stern subshurbsj culture in condition submontane region Nurata. Actual question about arid stern and! asrtakhan sheep breeding productity. - Tashkent. - 1992. - P. 19-26.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-26-28
Tleumuratova Bibigul Saribaevna, PhD., in physics and mathematics, the Karakalpak branch of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Deputy of the Institute of natural sciences Mambetullaeva Svetlana Mirzamuratovna, Professor, Doctor of Biology Sciences, Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
Modeling of the water-salt regime dynamics of the Aral sea and its coastal zone
Abstract: The digital model for calculation of the Aral Sea dynamics is proposed in the paper. It makes it possible to determine the following values. The solution of the coastal zone relief digital model proved to be sufficient for detection of the gulfs separating from the sea as well as limanlike areas and marsh saline soils.
Keywords: Aral Sea dynamics, ecosystem transformations, salt aerosol, degradation, mathematical modeling.
The digital model for calculation of the Aral Sea dynamics is proposed in the paper. It makes it possible to determine the following values: correlation between the sea level and the water volume, as well as the aquatory area, to calculate the location of liable to seepage salinization of coastal areas and in future the salt and dust carry-over areas. The method of minimal curvature was used in the capacity of interpolation algorithm. The solution of the coastal zone relief digital model proved to be sufficient for detection of the gulfs separating from the sea as well as limanlike areas and marsh saline soils.
Methodology of reconstruction of geomorphologic characteristics of the sea-bottom and coastal areas
The most reliable way of retrospective analysis of a coastal zone condition prognosis is the restoration of the postaqual land relief on the basis of the bathymetry. With that end in view we had designed and specified the digital model of the Aral Sea floor relief The method of the minimal curvature was used as interpolation algorithm. Thus the adjustment to the usual planar model is carried out by the method of the least squares:
jAX+BY+C=Z (X, Y)
Then the values of planar regression are subtracted from the values of initial height marks and for interpolation of distribution of these differences to the nodes of the frame the algorithm of minimal curve allowing the modified biharmonic differential equation with corresponding boundary conditions is used.
The obtained digital model of the reliefwith a pace of 1000 m per pixel has also demanded the subsequent processing — namely Furye-filtration for removal of the higher order harmonics. Application of the Furye-filtration has allowed to remove excessive, being the consequence ofinterpolation mistakes, the local minima and to approach the digital model of the Aral Sea bottom relief to the real topography. Calculation of dynamics of salt carry-over sources The Aral Sea as the closed midland reservoir and an end point of water collection possesses a number of specific physic and geographic features. It is in particular, the intensive water-salt exchange with adjoining coastal territory, high level of losses on evaporation and practically full dependence on the river water entry.
The simplified water-salt balance of the Aral Sea can be described as follows.
dW/dt = D+D+Dl+S (W) • Fse (A/W)-L (W) • F^
