Comparative Investigation of English and Armenian Compound Patterns Текст научной статьи по специальности «Языкознание и литературоведение»

ISSN 2738-2699

yeravan statc universe

TRANSLATION STUDIES:

THEORY AND PRACTICE

International ScientificJournal

H

vol^ne 1 1 issue 1

YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Department of Translation Studies

TRANSLATION STUDIES: THEORY AND

PRACTICE

International Scientific Journal volume 1 I issue 1

YEREVAN-2021

Comparative Investigation of English and Armenian Compound Patterns (based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's Novel The Great Gatsby and Its Armenian Translation)

SIRARPI KARAPETYAN

Yerevan State University

Abstract: The novel "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald published in 1925 is one of the timeless classics of world literature which was investigated from different linguistic perspectives. Its vocabulary is abundant in compound words with a variety of morphological, syntactic, semantic peculiarities. In this paper, we aim at studying compound words in "The Great Gatsby" to illustrate their patterns in English and Armenian. We have investigated the compounds from the morphological-categorial point of view, from the perspective of the syntactic relations between their constituent parts. We have also briefly touched upon some of their semantic features. At the same time, a close attention was paid to the different ways in which compound patterns were translated into Armenian. The study of the main target of the paper is based on Sona Seferyan's translation of the novel "The Great Gatsby" into Armenian. A lot of examples of both synthetic (closed) and analytical (juxtaposed) compounds have been picked out. In Armenian within synthetic compounds we differentiate between those with a linking element and the ones without a linking element. We assume that the peculiarities of compounds revealed in this paper will have significance not only for the description of their characteristic features but also for the general typological characterization of the languages under study.

Key words: translation, compound word, synthetic (closed), analytical (juxtaposed), pattern

1. Introduction

To reveal the similar and distinct features between the structures of two or more languages, there is a need for comparative investigations which will provide a more precise picture of their unique features.

The word-stocks of the Armenian and English languages are rich in compound words, as compounding is considered to be one of the most productive ways of wordbuilding in both languages.

The paper deals not only with the comparative investigation of compounds but also with the specificities of their translation, the variety of ways in which they were translated. So, both the linguistic fields of lexicology (particularly, word-building) and translatology are simultaneously touched upon in the paper. In general, translation can be considered a field where diverse academic disciplines intersect each other (Shuttleworth and Cowie 2014:6). It first of all overlaps with comparative and contrastive linguistics, as translation itself is a constant and unceasing process of comparison of two or more languages.

Doing proper translations has always been and remains one of the main issues of translatology, and this question arises when many scholars try to measure the quality of this or that translation product. Almost all the investigators of the sphere share the idea that the reader of the translation should feel its ease and naturalness, the translator's ultimate purpose is to make the same impression on the reader as the original work has left on its reader. Not only do the translators merely make translations, but they also edit their works. A professional translator's task is to make a faithful translation for which he/she should be highly competent in both languages and very well-aware of their structural peculiarities. For example, concerning word-building and word order in the Armenian language, in H. Acharyan's point of view, instead of the compound word "u^pmpmh" formed in Greek school - meaning 'a man making love affairs,' according to the rules and regulations of Armenian word-formation should be "pmhmuhp (pm-Umutp)", which means 'a philologist or lover of literature,' while the word "u^pm-pmh" should have meant cu^pn ^nup' - cword of love' (Acharyan 1957:125).

This very example comes to prove that word-formation and word order specificities of this or that language should always be taken into account by translators. Those compounds which do not correspond to the general word-formation regularities of the English language, i. e. which are not coined from the existing corresponding phrases of the language, are called asyntactic. To illustrate, here is Bloomfield's classic example: for the compound "bookstore" there is no corresponding combination "book for store", while English has the combination "store for books"1 (Bloomfield 1984:233-235). And in the translation of "The Great Gatsby" we have come across the word 'qnthmtfnpp' (p. 20), which is not typical of the general rules of forming compounds in Armenian.

"Have you read "The Rise of the "Colored Empires" by this man Goddard...?." (p.17)

-^mpqmgt l tu «Q-nqqmpq^ Q-ni_hmU!npp ^m]upni_p]nLhhhp^ ^kpklPD»: (p. 21)

The word 'qnthmtfnpp' refers to people with yellow or black skin-color and it is an artificial formation for the Armenian language, so we consider that it would be better to choose another word for translation.

2. Peculiarities of Compound Words Translation

As already mentioned above, we have picked out numerous examples of both synthetic (closed) and analytical (juxtaposed) compounds from the novel.

According to A. Valerie a 'compound word' is seen to be the result of the fixed combination of two free forms, or words that can otherwise exist independently, as in frosbite, tape-measure, grass-green. And the author mentions that although these items are clearly composed of two elements, they have the vivid characteristics of single words: their constituent parts cannot be separated by other forms, and their order is fixed (Adams 1973:30).

1 These structures are not typical of our language. They are foreignisms coined in Greek school.

According to A. Carstairs-McCarthy compounds are words which are formed by combining roots (Carstairs-McCarthy 2020:59).

In L. Lipka's point of view "the most important criterion for a combination to become a compound is that it consists of at least two free lexical morphemes, which means that on the highest level of analysis, it is made up of at least two ICs which occur or can occur in isolation. These constituent parts may themselves be complex, as e. g. writer in the compound word letter-writer" (Lipka 1992:83).

In this paper, by the term 'synthetic' those structures are meant the constituents of which are written jointly, and by the term 'analytical' those structures are considered the ICs of which are juxtaposed (Abrahamyan 1962: 46).

Examples of synthetic compounds are: bathrooms, maybe, tiptoe, underwear, bppniqji, bplJiiftuuin, uimbijiupd, giujuiulbi, etc.

Examples of analytical compounds are: taxi-window, twinkle-bell, wine-colored, whgwb-qhwgwb, ijkilqjiiiwg, b[nq-qhiugnq, jih±-np, etc.

Compounds without a linking element are: w[hpuipp wjhinbq iujmnu[p, wlinnfyntpqnh, piuq[iupnn, pbpwhpwg, bpplit, bp[iupqjib, qpnutujqji, qrniup-jnth, piuh[wpdbp, etc. In the English language, words do not have a morphological linking element 'hnqm[rn^' unlike in Armenian.

As mentioned above, doing a quality translation is by far not an easy task. It depends on different factors; the language of the text, the genre of the text (literary, scientific, etc.), the author's style of writing, etc. So, if it is beneficial to the translation, changes are always necessary. Quite often problems arise when there is a lack of equivalence at word level, i. e. the author has difficulty in finding a proper word in the target language that expresses the same meaning in the source language, or when there is non-equivalence in this or that context. Translators often also face the problem of translating culture-specific items of the source language into the target language. A culture-specific word or phrase can be alien to the target language reader and not understood by them. In certain other cases it may express a phenomenon or a concept which is known to the target language reader but is not lexicalized, the language simply does not have that word. In this case, it is essential to find an appropriate word or phrase to evoke the same feelings and impressions in the reader of the target language (Baker 201:10-23).

In many cases, translators have obstacles in finding an equivalent in the target language for a particular word-building form in the source text. For this reason, S. Seferyan often translated compound words as affixed ones, e. g. "hide-and-go-seek" (p. 87) - "mm^[Ung^" (p. 97) or she translated them as word-combinations; e. g. "sun-dials" (p. 9) - "mpl^ dmJmgnLjgUbp" (p. 14). Word-combinations were sometimes translated as a compound word, e. g. "a cheerful word" (p. 44) -"lmmm[-pmn" (p. 51), analytical /open/ compounds were chosen to be translated as synthetic/closed/ ones, e. g. "fog-horn" (p. 157) - "Jmnm^ntq" (p. 170), "drawing-room" (p. 157) - "hjnLpmubhjml" (p. 171). Synthetic compounds were translated as analytical ones, e. g. "extravaganza" (p. 158) - "hbp^mp-Ubp[mjmgnLtf" (p. 171), simple words were translated as compound ones; e. g. "toss" (p. 157) - '^nLnntlntn"

(p. 170). More often compound words were translated literally, e. g. "Middle-west" ( p. 5) - UpUUnisp" (p. 10).

Another way of translating compound words is by doing it descriptively, rather than with a single corresponding word, for example:

The evening had made me light-headed and happy. (p. 80)

^mm^ni! tp "L-jni. 3nppni! mhg^mgpmi hph^njj^g hhmn...: (p. 89)

e. g... I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered around rather ill-at-ease

among swirls and eddies of people I didn't know... (p. 45)

e. g. ... hu nmp qp^ lpm umhimhp U mhJ^2m^hu mhm£ qqmgnirf nthbgm

hmjmh^tLn^ !mpqlm]^h hnp&mlnLmni.!...: (p. 52)

The above mentioned two examples are translations done through paraphrasing, as the translator either could not find a single appropriate word in the target language or even if she found, it was not so expressive, i.e. it was necessary to add information to the target text that was not given so explicitly in the source text, to avoid loss in translation and improve comprehension of the target text. There are cases when the additional information or explanation is presented in footnotes that accompany the text (Andrews and Maksimova 2010:53).

S. Seferyan sometimes substituted the components of compounds with synonyms in the translated version; e. g. ... faces dead and gone (p. 76) - mhgmb-qhmgmb qhlphp (t£ 86). The direct translation of the word "dead- Uuhmgmb" was substituted by "mUgub - passed", as "mUgmfc-qUrngmb" is a typical, widely used expression in Armenian, while in this context the compound "U!mhmgm&-qUmgmb" would sound rather unnatural for our language.

3. Morphological Classification of Compound Words/Compound Patterns

As a rule, the most widespread patterns in the English word-formation are the ones formed with two nouns. This feature proves to be true not only for the English and Armenian languages but also for many other world languages.

According to Carstairs-McCarthy nearly any pair of nouns can be juxtaposed in English to become a compound or a phrase - provided that this compound or phrase could plausibly mean something (Cartsairs-McCarthy 2002:62).

This is quite natural, as the noun enters into relationships not only with another noun but also with other parts-of-speech due to its wide semantic incorporation.

Examples of N+N pattern found in "The Great Gatsby" are, e. g. autumn-leaf, bookshelves, cheekbone, countryside, fox-trot, gas-pumps, hallway, lamp-light, Machine-Gun, mouth-piece, sun-dials. In the Armenian translation- wliuniuliuinlhp, pmdhh-inniiu, qpmuhhjiul qpifwqbhp, plipuiiiiupifiuliq, liupquihmpg, hmpgimpnpA,

¿iwljwinwqpp, ifwqirnfinLhp, etc. Most of the N+N compounds in English are analytical structures, while in Armenian they are mainly synthetic2.

Adj.+N: all-night, bond-salesmen, brief-case, many-colored, many-keyed, middle west, old-fashioned, rough-neck, luniuhÄliiuwnLÜ, pwqilhpwliq pmpkhnqji, ipuh-qiuqiuiipin, qiurniupljiutqnpin, qbqhiuqqburn, bpljiupiu<ijiin, tdmhiuqph, ¡¡rnl^-qiuiinpp, hippipip hpm2mlpmJL, lfmllpmpp(í, ilbplmqpp, ilbphpul, llbphm2mlqJll[, i^bp^hpiq, llbp2hmhlqmwml[, etc. In the case of this pattern again, in English, we found mainly analytical compounds, while in Armenian -synthetic ones, etc.

Pron.+N: everything, everywhere, herself, mnm2mlImu, bum[blllnpnll, jai-piiab^^ jnipopplml, etc. As it is obvious, in both the original version and the translation the pattern Pron.+N is expressed by synthetic compounds.

Verbal Stem+N: wash-rag, swivel-chair, tiptoe, qpiubUjil, qpqmu[mw¿lmn, Lumpnq, Lligipiu, [ilquiiipp, 2mpàmnpp etc. In the case of this pattern again we have mainly come across analytical compounds with juxtaposed elements in English and synthetic ones in Armenian.

Participle 1+N: folding-chair, moving-picture, Ubpaqmlpm, etc. Here again, there are examples of analytical compound structures in English and a synthetic one in Armenian.

Adj.+Verbal Stem: white-change, [mp¿lmlnll, hiq^iqur^rn, hbnipnu, hnnbsbu, ¿ipiq^jà, etc. In the case of Adj.+Verbal Stem pattern examples found in the translation prevail over those found in English.

N+Participle I (qn]m[mü+tüpm[m]m[mü qbpprn]): sun-straining, hjnipph-liLilnq, pi^iLbpriq , bLhtpnq4, etc.

N+Participle II (qnjw[wU+hwpw[wmwp qtpprn]): e.g. well-rounded5, well-concealed, etc. ¿ímptqm[mLmö, q^^qp^iö, etc. In the case of this pattern again, as we can see, in English there are analytical structures, whereas in Armenian - synthetic ones.

N+Verbal Stem: sunshine, sea change6, illmpl, mqlí[mhnLJq, mqlí[mpmp, LnLumpmpmp, puhipip, hnqiiibbb, hinuihiin, wmJuwmímlímö, sbqi-hil, etc. Here we have analytical and synthetic compounds in both the original

2 In the paper we have mainly presented those patterns which are comparable in two languages. In many of these patterns at least one of the constituent parts is a noun. There were patterns typical only of the Armenian language and vice versa, which were not presented in this paper, taking into account the fact that our goal is to draw parallels between the languages on the corresponding examples of compounds, rather than to comment on this or that linguistic phenomenon in each language separately. In specific cases only we mentioned the distinct features without going deeper into the analysis.

3 In Old Armenian/Grabar the imperative of the verb 'to be' - 'j^bh^' is ']hp - tq^p.'

4 'tgnq' is the past indefinite form of the Old Armenian/Grabar verb '^^mUh^.'

5 In many patterns the part-of-speech meanings of the ICs can be interpreted in various ways. Here the constituent 'rounded' can at the same time be considered an adjective.

6 The second constituents of the pattern can also be considered nouns. Here we have a noun-verb part-of-speech homonymy.

language and the translation but the synthetic ones prevail in the Armenian translation. From the diachronicpoint of view, the second components of the words ' Jnhmpmp' and 'm^lmpl' are formed with the base of the past indefinite in Grabar/Old Armenian. The base of the past indefinite of the verb 'mnhhL' (mhhL-to do) is 'mpmp' (mphg-did) and the base of the past indefinite of the verb 'mplmhhL' (qghj-to drop) is the base 'upl' (qghg-dropped). The second component of the verb 'sm^mmlmJmb' is the base of Old Armenian/Grabar word 'im&hnq,' which means 'i^mhuL,' 'i^u^gl^' or 'lglhi_.'

Adj.+Adj.: ash-grey, half-sick, middle-western, uhppl-uhhuiiup Juunhu-2pnp, dhbuhupntuin, etc. As it may become obvious, in English we have analytical structures prevailing in the case of Adj.+Adj. pattern, while in Armenian- synthetic ones.

We came across a lot of three-component synthetic compound nouns in the Armenian translation, e. g. ujuntujpiLp, quphppuqnpb, quphppuwnLh, bjuujun-inuinntp, hhnujnuuquhq, hhinuppppuuhp, lhph[ululup, rnupqhqu-huinpl etc.

Adv.+N: background, unupuifuu The pattern Adv.+N was not so widely used by the author and by the translator.

Num.+Num.: fifty - one, fifty-nine, nineteen-seventeen, sixty-five, twenty-one, etc., hplrnhq, hplni-hphp, hjiunih-lupunih inuuhiihl puuhifhl etc. The examples of structures show that in the case of the pattern Num.+Num in English, there are mainly analytical compounds, whereas in Armenian both analytical and synthetic ones prevail.

N+Adv.: e. g., flower-like, updmhulujhi In Armenian we have an analytical compound, while in English a synthetic one and the examples found are quite rare.

It becomes obvious that mainly synthetic patterns prevail in Armenian, while in English analytical ones are numerous.

We have found analytical structures like hide and-go-sick, ill-at-ease, out-of-the-way, son-of-a-bitch, well-to-do from the original work, which are called phrasal compounds. Armenian, as opposed to English, does not have suchlike structures. In Armenian, there are structures which can be considered middle units between compound words and word-combinations or phrases; previous syntactic segments, which have become compounds, e. g., ln2w nt Irnqpin, 22nLl nt 2p2Jnr-h shp U inplJih, etc. In English, ln2w nt Iniqpin, 22nl nt 2p2jnh are called syndetic compounds, e. g. the sick and the well. In Armenian syndetic compounds tend to become synthetic/closed compounds over time; e. g. unntbu]u, pugntjuntip, qhuntqhh, [ugntlnb, buhpntphph, hupAntpnpA, hhinntunug 2updntAh, etc.

Other noteworthy structures in the "The Great Gatsby" are reduplicative compounds. Reduplicative structures are often defined as original words, renewing the English lexicon (Mattiello 2013:238-243). Reduplication is one of the subtypes of juxtaposition. In Armenian usually monosyllabic or two-syllabic words are repeated (Abeghyan 1974:146). Analytical reduplicative structures in general are more typical of the English language. We picked out synthetic reduplications, e. g. murmur,

2ninnti[mn, pnqpnp , qnqqnp, muphginupji, etc. and analytical reduplicative structures, e. g. day to day, nineteen-nineteen, [hp-ihgnih ippp-ifipp Juhp-Jhp, bmjphbmjp 2sutq-2inutq, prnhp-pnih;?.

Among reduplicative compounds picked out from the "The Great Gatsby" we differentiate between the ones formed with prepositions; time to time, qhilmnqhil, iihl mn ihl, pmghjipmg, ifhppptuiifhpp, JumnhJiJuninh, the ones the component (s) of which are declined, e. g. inhqjig mhq (there is no equivalent in English) and the ones which are formed with a joining conjunction, e. g. over and over, ifhlhniifhlp, 2nunivlntn, rnhqhnLinhqp, etc.

4. On Some Semantic Features of Compounds and the Syntactic Relationships between Their Immediate Constituents

The meanings of compound words in "The Great Gatsby" are various. We have chosen words representing a rather large semantic field, namely, compounds showing names of colors; e. g. blue-colored, caramel-colored, crimson-lighted, gold-colored, grey-colored, lavender-colored, many-colored, orange, rosy-colored, white-washed, wine-colored, etc. In the Armenian translation, we have upbupuqnijh, puqiihpuhq, pnunpuqnijb, qJhhqnLjh, qnijhqqnLjh, qhqhuqqhuin, hpphhpmhq, puhu-pmqnijh, ihqulutqnLjh, juujwupqhw, lupuiihiuqnijh, lupiipuqnLjh, Iphiiu-qnijh, hupquqqnijb, ilup^uhuqinijb, hpphpmhq 2uquhulu<qnLjh, 2unu<qnijb, uhpnLgpuqnLjh, lupquqnLjh, etc. Examples show that nearly in all cases analytical compounds (usually, derivational compounds) expressing color-terms were translated into Armenian as synthetic/closed ones with a linking element 'm.' Examples make us conclude that in the role of the second component of the analytical compounds are mainly the words colored and lighted and in Armenian it is the word 'qnLjh.' Often the word 'hpmhq' - 'hue' or 'tint' is also used in the translation, e.g. hpphhpmhq, hpphpmhq, etc.

The word-combination 'scanty blond hair' is translated into Armenian as a compound word - 'hmpqmqnLjh.' The words coral, apple-green, blue, orange were translated as 'tmp2uhuqnl.jh,' 'Imhm^mlnLh,' 'hplhmqntjh,' 'hmph^mqnLjh' respectively, which means that the simple words 'coral,' 'blue' and 'orange' were translated as compound words. And as far as Armenian does not have a word ' JhA.npmqni.jh,' the translator substituted it with the affixed word 'Imhm^mlnLh.' In the given example we do not have an equivalent form at the word-building level.

With regard to the syntactic relations between the components of compound words, we have come across compounds in which the components are a) in coordinative relation, e. g. sixty-five, the sick and the well, pmgmpAml 2mpmp-

7 As it was difficult to pronounce ''pnq-pnq'' (bogh-bogh), people pronounced it as pnq-png (bogh-boj), in the same way, was formed the word ''^mmmj" (pagh-paj) which means "cold."

[JiptulJi, inbp h uijiljih, etc., and b) in subordinative relation, when the right component is usually its head, while the other one is its supplement. Compounds with determinant-determinatum (npn2^-npn2jw|) relation are brief-case, sweetheart, small-breasted and with relation which show possession (hwm[wgnLg^-hwm-[rngjH), e. g- eye-brows, eyelashes, fire-place, garden-shears, gas-pumps, moonlight, pocket-book, sunshine, tea-table, time-table, wihqwqnLj) qwpbppwwnL) phw-ww[, nw)w±wip, wwpibqwhwwp[, etc.

There can also be objective relations (ni^pqjulipwjp) hwpwpbpnLpjnL)); e. g. bootleg (if we see the compound as a sentence, we have 'to leg a boot'), photograph, iplwlwqbw, hpwiiwlwwwp, hjii[)iui}jip Afiwlwp, lipiinilpwfuwn), lbpb[iu-[wlwp mbqb[winnL, relations of an adverbial modifier of place (mbqfi iqwpw-qwjp hwpwpbpnLpjni)) - e. g. sidewalk, ppwpfin, relations of an adverbial modifier of manner (¿.hp iqwpwqwjp hwpwpbpnLpjnL)), e. g. well-concealed, ipwip[w)[ww. Revealing the syntactic relations between the constituents of compound words is important as it helps to know the exact meaning of some compounds, as well as the exact part of speech belonging of their constituents, when, for example, we have a noun-verb, adjective-adverb, and other part-of-speech coincidences.

While examining the vocabulary of "The Great Gatsby" we have come across many interesting instances of conversion of compound words and dwelt upon them as they have importance for translation.

The Armenian word '[wplwqnLjl' in the example below is an adjective but it is used as a noun in the sentence below, whereas in English there is no conversion, 'opal' is a noun.

¿wl[wp& llwl ql£ni_w[wl nqni mtp &l&lni_) [wphwqm.]h^ ibp oinitf

pwdw[ ¿wllhjnl...: (p. 51)

Suddenly, one of these gypsies in trembling opal... (pp. 44-45) The same instances in Armenian and English are in the examples below:

Trttfu tul 30-wlg ^¿IwtfnL qwmwplw^npm...: (p. 60)

I was looking at an elegant young rough-neck... (p. 53)

The late afternoon sky bloomed in the window for a moment like the blue honey of the

Mediterranean... (p. 38)

Up tqwh hph[njw) wphp l]iphplipwlw)]i dhijpvaivaqnLpp tqhu ipwjiwinw[hg

tqwinnLhwlp hp...: (p. 44)

In Armenian, the words 'qwmmp[wqnpm' and 'Jb^purnqntp' which are adjectives, have nominalized usage in the examples above, whereas in English there is no conversion, the compounds rough-neck and blue-honey are nouns used in their direct part-of-speech meanings.

Other examples are as follows:

Uhhp ihpl qhmgjhp, mhgmhp n^mlnp hhgmpmhhhpj ijgnl, npmhq pmpi 6m-qjlhhpp pmqifhpmhqph tjh mmiju...: (p. 108)

We went upstairs, through period bedrooms swathed in rose and lavender silk and vivid with new flowers... (p. 97)

fcpp tptlnjmh hhnmJnup qhqmg U ifjppmqmpmjlihp líJmgptg...: (p. 192)

When the phone rang that afternoon and Long Distance said Chicago was calling... (p.

175)

In translation, we also have an adjective-adverb conversion.

I picked it up with a weary bend and handed it back to her... (p. 121)

fcu hnqhwimuhp Inmgm pmpApmghhinL U 6mjpjg pnhm6 hhmpmlnpjh ¿mp

hhnljg ihlhhgj mjpngp...: (p. 134)

In Armenian, the adjective 'hnqhmmmh^' in the sentence has become a modifier of manner, whereas in English there is no conversion in the same sentence. In Armenian, there is an adjective which was converted to an adverb, while in English we have an adverb.

The same phenomenon is in the example below:

I was conscious of wanting to look squarely at every one... (p. 21)

fcu gmhlni_pjni_h qqmgj qjultuhmp inj^ni. jni_pmpmh£jni_pjh...: (p. 25)

While comparing some lexical phenomena of both languages, we came across another interesting case in translation. In the sentence given below the translator unconsciously created conversion:

Daisy came out of the house and two rows of brass buttons on her dress gleamed in the sunlight. (p. 96)

Ihjqjh qnipu h^ml mplj mm^ hmqnmmj In^mlhhpj

hplgmppp: (p. 107)

Translating the word-combination 'two rows' by the word 'hpl2mpp,' the translator created an artificial compound considering it a noun. But after checking the Armenian dictionaries - "Modern Armenian Explanatory Dictionary" by Ed. Aghayan as well as "The Modern Armenian Explanatory Dictionary" compiled in the Institute of Language in Armenia, we became convinced that the word 'hpl2mpp' is an adjective with the meaning 'hp^nt 2mpp nthhgnq.' So, using it as a noun is not appropriate in this case.

The same phenomenon is in the next example. The word 'mplm2nq' is an adjective, not a noun, so in the Armenian translation, it becomes a case of artificially created conversion.

...the last sunshine fell with romantic affection upon her glowing face... (p. 19) ... wphw2mqp\l}щml T?hjqjj 2mnmqni-hm& qhifjh...: (p. 23)

In this case, in our opinion, it would be better to translate the two words in the following way - 'mplj 2nqPP'' 'hp^nt 2mppp' or 'hp^nt 2mpphpp.'

5. Conclusion

The study we carried out in this paper once again comes to prove that "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald provides a rich source of compound words. Its lexical stock gives a profound basis for an in-depth linguistic investigation of both the original work and its translation. First of all, the comparison of the English and Armenian compound patterns brought us to the conclusion that compound words can were translated a) as affixed words, b) as word-combinations, c) analytical/open compounds were translated as synthetic ones and synthetic compounds, vice versa, as analytical ones, d) simple words were translated as compound ones, e) they could be translated literally, f) compound words could be translated descriptively, g) the components of compounds were sometimes substituted with synonyms in the translated version, etc. The morphological classification of compound words revealed that among synthetic and analytical compounds the most widely used patterns in two languages used both by the author and the translator are N+N and Adj.+N patterns. It became obvious that synthetic compounds prevail in the Armenian translation, while in English analytical ones are numerous. The structural analysis of compounds is yet another proof that there are many reduplicative and syndetic formations among the compound words of both languages. As a distinctive feature of both languages, we have underlined phrasal compounds which do not have their corresponding equivalent in Armenian. Some semantic and syntactic features of compound words were also discussed. The syntactic relations (coordinative and subordinative) between the constituents of compound words became another subject of our investigation, as they help to understand the meanings of some compounds or correctly interpret the part-of-speech meaning of their ICs. We have also turned to the diachronic analysis of some Armenian compound words which served as an aid in clarifying the meanings of the constituents of those compounds the interpretation of which causes difficulties at first sight.

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(fiuifiuhiu[iu[pg hiujng Lbqip piugiuinpiu[iuh piuniupiuh 1969, 1972, 1974, 1980. Zisnp 1-4. fcpUih: ZUUZ OU hpis. Zp. U^injihp ih^ih Lbqip phuspsnts.

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Received: 06/04/2020 Revised: 27/07/2020 Accepted: 24/02/2021

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