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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS REPRESENTATING THE CONCEPT "MONEY" Mukhtorova B.A. Email: Mukhtorova17149@scientifictext.ru
Mukhtorova Barno Alisherovna - Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT, FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion examines the issues of comparative analysis of English and Russian proverbs and sayings representing the concept of "money". The author of the article believes that proverbs and sayings covered various spheres of people's life including the material aspect. Since the time when the first coins appeared and people gave up natural exchange (barter), proverbs and sayings have been used about money. The theme of wealth and money is represented by a large number of proverbs due to its significance for human existence. Many proverbs and sayings are based on contrast. Some proverbs and sayings have negative coloring and cultural references are contradictory. Keywords: proverbs, sayings, sphere of life, money, contrast, negative, coloring, cultural, theme, human, natural, exchange, quantity.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ АНГЛИЙСКИХ, РУССКИХ ПОГОВОРОК И ПОСЛОВИЦ С РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЕЙ КОНЦЕПТА
"ДЕНЬГИ" Мухторова Б.А.
Мухторова Барно Алишеровна - преподаватель, кафедра английского языка, факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает вопросы сравнительного анализа английских и русских пословиц и поговорок, представляющих концепт "деньги". Автор статьи считает, что пословицы и поговорки охватывали самые разные сферы жизни людей, в том числе материальный аспект. С тех времен, когда появились первые монеты и люди отказались от натурального обмена (бартера), в употребление вошли пословицы и поговорки о деньгах. Тема богатства и денег представлена большим количеством пословиц благодаря значимости для человеческого бытия. Многие пословицы и поговорки построены на основе контраста. Некоторые пословицы и поговорки имеют негативную окраску, культурные ориентиры тут противоречивы.
Ключевые слова: пословицы, поговорки, сфера жизни, деньги, контраст, негативный, окраска, культурный, тема, человеческий, натуральный, обмен, количество.
UDC 811.111
Proverbs and sayings covered a wide variety of areas of human life, including the material aspect. Since the first coins appeared and people gave up natural exchange (barter), proverbs and sayings about money have been used. The theme of wealth and money is represented by a large number of proverbs due to its significance for human existence. The concept "money" reflects a complex system of not only material and monetary relations, but also affects the system of spiritual, moral and ethical values of human society as a whole and the spiritual world of an individual [2].
Let us turn to the etymology of the lexeme 'money' in English. The word 'money' appeared in the middle of the 13th century with the meaning 'coin, metal currency'. The word is derived from the old French 'monoie' - 'money, coin, currency' which in turn was formed from the Latin 'moneta' - 'a place for minting coins, metal money'. It is interesting to note that the latter came from the name of the Roman goddess Bona Moneta (Juno Moneta), near the temple of which there was a mint [1].
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary gives the following definition of the word 'money' - the coins or notes which are used to buy things, or the amount of these that one person has [2]. The analysis of this definition shows the following schemes: the form of the creature (coins and notes), function (means of payment).
The analysis of representation of a concept "money" allows to reveal the national specificity, which is manifested in different ways of verbalization of a concept, in the degree of generalization of its representations, in quantity and set of lexemes.
Study of 100 proverbs and sayings from the dictionary 'A Dictionary of American Proverbs' (1992) by the famous paremiologist V. Mieder made it possible to classify examples with the money component into nine semantic groups:
1) Money - value.
In this group, money is defined as power, as a resource to be spent rather than shared:
'Money is power', 'Money is better spent than spared'. Money is everything: 'Money answers all things'. Having money makes you confident that you can handle things like 'Ready money is ready medicine'. It is also characteristic of the 'Money saved is money earned' process. It is noted that it is important to save money to avoid poor old age 'Save your money and die rich'.
2) Money is evil.
Money is defined as a bottomless sea in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned out, for example. Money is treated as the root of all evil, the more money, the more sins: 'Money is the root of all evil', 'More money, more sin'. Money can be the apple of discord in friendship: 'Never loan money to a friend unless you wish to lose him', 'Lend money and you get an enemy'. Money creates problems: 'Those who have money have trouble about it'.
3) Lack of money.
Money should not be turned into the only source of income, as noted in one of the proverbs 'Money isn't everything in life', 'Money isn't worth a thing except to use in buying something'.
4) Easy money
Money borrowed is easier to spend, like 'Money borrowed is money spent'. Money, like promises, is easier made than kept, 'Money has wings'. Money is easy to part with: 'Money burns a hole in the pocket'. Money is not as important to the owner as it is to other people: 'Money has little value to its possessor unless it has value to others'.
5) Money is motivation.
Money makes the world go round, 'Money makes the ball roll', 'Money makes the pot boil', 'Money greases the machine in the long run'.
6) Relevance of money.
There are proverbs in English that demonstrate the relevance of money, for example:
'Money never comes out of season', 'Money in the purse will always be in fashion', 'Money doesn't get dirty'; money can do anything 'Money will do anything'; money can be a slave and a master 'Money will be a slave or a master'. 'Don't marry for money, but don't marry without money'.
7) Money is not the main thing.
The examples demonstrate the fact that money is not part of the human soul: 'Money doesn't make the character', 'Money doesn't make the man'.
8) Money is work.
The need to make an effort to make money that doesn't grow on trees is shown in the example 'Money doesn't grow on trees'. Making money is more important than spending it is shown by the example 'Earn money before you spend it'.
9) Attitude to money with humor.
The example 'People are funny about money' shows that people have a sense of humor about finance. Only money is sweeter than honey 'Nothing but money is sweeter than honey'. Consider a joking line about money in the form of a short poem: 'Money is honey, my little sonny, and a rich man's joke is always funny'.
The English have a taboo to talk about money, which has an "internal logic". To a certain extent, it corresponds to the basic rules of "English identity", which are based on modesty, privacy, polite egalitarianism and other forms of hypocrisy. Taboo to talk about money is a purely English behavioral norm, but not all Englishmen respect it. For example, southerners talking about money tend to be more confused than northerners, and the top and middle classes are more sensitive in this respect than the working class. In fact, the top and the middle classes often tell their children that talking about money is a bad tone and a sign of "low origin" [1].
All examples reflect the impact of money on society and are differentiated by the principle of estimated connotation. A large number of proverbs and sayings demonstrate an important role of money in the life of society as a whole and in the life of each person. Positive assessment of this role can be found in many examples above. The study of concepts through means of their verbalization can be considered as one of the ways to reconstruct the picture of the world in general and the language picture of the world in particular.
References / Список литературы
1. Vasilenko A.P. Principles of the Study of National and Cultural Specificity of Phraseological Units - Murmansk: MSU, 2010.
2. Abbasova N.K. Methodology of teaching proverbs and sayings of English in general education schools // Проблемы Науки, 2020. № 2 (147). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n7methodology-of-teaching-proverbs-and-sayings-of-english-in-general-education-schools/ (date of access: 18.03.2020).
