CC BY
93COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CATEGORY OF PERSON IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN Okboyeva Z.B.
Okboyeva Zulfiya Bobonazarovna - Senior Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS, INSTITUTE OF TRAINING AND RETRAINING, KARSHIREPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article deals with the problems of the grammatical category of person of verbs in Russian which is rather complicated in comparison with the category of person in English. Types of person in Russian and English languages such as first, second and third are compared and analyzed in the article as well.
Keywords: grammatical category, person, verb, comparison, action, singular, plural, form, pronounce, description, process.
The grammatical category of person of verbs in Russian is rather complicated in comparison with the category of person in English. The forms of the person express the attitude of the action expressed by the verb towards the person speaking. Three types of person are distinguished in the Russian language such as first, second and third as in English.
1. According to Panova E.A. and Pozdnyakova A.A., the form of the first person singular implies the speaker's action: пою, зайду [5, с.181].
The form of the first person plural implies the action of a group of people in which the speaker also belongs to: поём, зайдём.
The form of the second person singular implies the action of the interlocutor (a companion): поёшь, зайдёшь.
The form of the second person plural expresses the action of a group of people in which the interlocutor also belongs to: поёте, зайдёте.
The forms of the third person singular and plural number express the action performed by certain people who do not participate in the dialogue, i.e. neither a speaker nor the listener. поёт, зайдёт, поют, зайдут.
The categories of person and number can exist only in present and future tense of verbs in indicative and imperative moods in the Russian language. The verbs in the past tense and conditional mood do not have the category of person, but they conjugate in number and gender which are quite different from English: (я, ты, он) вёл_ - masculine gender, (я, ты, она) вела - feminine gender, (я, ты, оно) вело - neutral gender, (мы, вы, они) вели - plural form.
Another specific feature for the Russian verb is that not all the verbs in the Russian language can have a set of all finite forms. There are certain verbs the so-called defective or odd verbs exist in Russian.
Defective verbs do not have all existing forms of verbs because of different reasons. Some Russian verbs do not have the form of 1st person singular as they are difficult to pronounce, e.g. победить, убедить, переубедить, разубедить, очутиться, ощутить, затмить, дерзить, etc. In case where it is necessary to use the form of the first person of these verbs, the way of description is used here: должен победить, хочу убедить, могу очутиться.
The forms of first and second person singular and plural forms of a number of verbs in Russian cannot be used because of semantic reasons (these verbs name processes happening in nature or in wild life), e.g. телиться, щениться, ржаветь, брезжить, белеться, светлеться, раздаться (о звуке), разгореться etc.
The opposite phenomenon can be found in contemporary Russian where the formation of the form of the person of some verbs in present (or future simple) tense can have two different ways of formation: брызгать - брызжет/ брызгает, капать -каплет/ капает, плескать - плещет/ плескает, тыкать - тычет / тыкает, махать - машет / махает etc.
So, while comparative analysis of the category of person in English and Russian it is possible to observe that both languages have their own way of formation of these grammatical categories as in English the category of person is not as complicated as in Russian. This can be seen as specific case for the third person singular form of the present simple, perfect and perfect
continuous tenses. Moreover, the use of auxiliary verb to be in the present and past tenses differs. As for Russian the use of the category of person is more complicated in comparison with English, as each tense can have different conjugations in person and number.
Thus, summarizing all above mentioned it is possible to draw a conclusion that the comparative analysis of the grammatical category of person is one of the most important problems of modern comparative-typological investigations and teaching foreign languages.
References
1. Blokh M.Y. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar. M., 1983.
2. Iriskulov M., Kuldashev A. Course in Theoretical English Grammar. T., 2008.
3. Khaimovich B., Rogovskaya B. A Course in English Grammar. M., 1957
4. Буранов Дж. Сравнительная типология английского и тюркских языков. М., 1989.
5. Панова Е.А., Позднякова А.А. Русский язык, М., 2007.
