CC BY
1УДК 33 Yayylova O., Ismankulov K., Begmuradov M.
Yayylova O.
Teacher of the Department of Economic management in enterprises Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Ismankulov K.
Student Faculty of Economics and Management Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Begmuradov M.
Student Faculty of Economics and Management Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN RUSSIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES
Аннотация: this article provides a comparative analysis of environmental policies in Russia and other countries, focusing on the effectiveness of legislative frameworks, environmental goals, and their impact on sustainable development. Key areas such as climate change mitigation, pollution control, and renewable energy adoption are examined to assess Russia's position in the global context.
Ключевые слова: environmental policy, Russia, comparative analysis, climate change, renewable energy, sustainability.
Introduction.
Environmental policy plays a critical role in managing a country's natural resources and mitigating environmental challenges like climate change and pollution.
Russia, as the largest country in the world with abundant natural resources, faces unique environmental challenges. This article compares Russia's environmental policy with those of other countries, particularly in terms of legislative frameworks, renewable energy use, and strategies for climate change mitigation.
Russia's Environmental Policy.
Russia's environmental policy has traditionally been influenced by its vast natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals. The country has implemented several laws to address environmental issues, such as the "Law on Environmental Protection" and various regulations on pollution control. Russia also participates in global environmental agreements, such as the Paris Agreement on climate change.
However, Russia faces criticism for being slow to transition to renewable energy. Fossil fuels dominate its energy sector, which contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. While there have been efforts to increase energy efficiency and reduce pollution, progress has been relatively slow compared to leading countries in environmental sustainability.
Comparison with Other Countries.
1. European Union (EU).
The EU has some of the most advanced environmental policies globally, focusing on climate neutrality and renewable energy. The European Green Deal aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. This ambitious policy includes strict regulations on carbon emissions, energy efficiency, and renewable energy investments. Countries like Germany and Denmark lead the way in renewable energy adoption, significantly reducing their reliance on fossil fuels.
In contrast, Russia has not set similarly ambitious targets for reducing carbon emissions or increasing renewable energy use. The reliance on fossil fuel exports continues to shape its economic and environmental policies.
2. United States.
The U.S. has fluctuated in its environmental commitments, with different administrations shaping policy direction. Under the Biden administration, the U.S. rejoined the Paris Agreement and set a target to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
The U.S. has also made significant investments in renewable energy and green technologies.
In comparison, Russia's policy on renewable energy remains less aggressive, with renewable sources accounting for a small fraction of the country's energy mix. However, Russia has taken steps to improve energy efficiency in sectors like transportation and industry.
3. China.
China, the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, has been heavily investing in renewable energy and green technology. Despite its reliance on coal, China has become the global leader in solar energy production and electric vehicle manufacturing. Its commitment to becoming carbon-neutral by 2060 represents a major shift in environmental policy.
Russia, by comparison, has not committed to such an ambitious carbon neutrality goal. While there are initiatives to modernize its energy sector, Russia's progress in renewable energy development lags behind China's rapid advancements.
Key Environmental Challenges.
1. Climate Change Mitigation.
Russia has significant potential to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions but has yet to adopt aggressive climate change policies like the EU or China. The country's Arctic region is particularly vulnerable to climate change, which could lead to severe ecological and economic consequences.
2. Renewable Energy.
While renewable energy is growing globally, Russia's focus remains largely on fossil fuels. By contrast, countries like Germany and China are investing heavily in wind, solar, and hydroelectric power. Russia's vast potential for renewable energy development, particularly in wind and hydro, remains largely untapped.
Conclusion.
Russia's environmental policy, while improving, remains behind that of other major global players. Countries like the EU and China have set ambitious climate targets and made significant investments in renewable energy, while Russia continues
to rely heavily on its fossil fuel resources. For Russia to improve its environmental standing, it will need to accelerate its adoption of green technologies and commit to more stringent climate change mitigation strategies.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. European Commission, "European Green Deal," 2020;
2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), "Paris Agreement," 2015;
3. International Energy Agency (IEA), "Russia Energy Policy Review," 2021;
4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), "Renewable Energy in China and Global Trends," 2022
