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8Commitment to physical education and sports: schoolchildren's physical activity motivations and priorities survey
UDC 37.062.5
D.N. Pukhov1 A.V. Malinin1
Dr.Hab., Professor B.N. Shustin2
1St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg
2 Federal Scientific Center for Physical Culture and Sports, Moscow
Corresponding author: dpuhov@spbniifk.ru
Abstract
Objective of the study was to rate the schoolchildren's physical activity motivations and preferences for the physical education and sports commitment encouragement purposes.
Methods and structure of the study. The study was based on a mass anonymous questionnaire survey of the 11, 13 and 15 years old school population under the international 2017-18 Health Behavior in Schoolchildren (HBSC) Project research initiative - under supervision of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture (SPSRIPC) as the Health Behavior in Schoolchildren Project leader for the Russian Federation [4]. The SPSRIPC Health Behavior in Schoolchildren Project team developed a special data processing and analytical software toolkit for the Health Behavior in Schoolchildren survey data with a Russian version of the international questionnaire survey form and a cloud database for the Project.
For further analysis of the schoolchildren's physical education and sport / physical activity motivations, the authors formed two 11-year-old groups of both sexes based on their weekly physical activity / physical education and sport rates above the physical activity threshold of 1 hour per day - namely MVPA3 and MVPA7 groups with the reported 3-day (moderate) and 7-day (highly) weekly physical activity, respectively.
Results of the study and conclusions. The survey data and analyses demonstrated that the schoolchildren with the moderate physical education and sport commitment (MVPA3) make an emphasis on the optimal physical health keeping motivations and preferences. It should be noted that only 25.8% and 25% of the boys and girls in MVPA3 group (respectively) self-rated own health "excellent"; versus 64.7% and 44.7% in MVPA7 group. The intergroup difference on this scale was found significant (p<0.01 for the boys and p<0.05 for the girls). The highly-physical-education-and-sport -committed group (MVPA7) was also tested notably higher on the social self-assertion motivations rating scale.
Keywords: schoolchildren, physical education and sports, commitment, motivations and preferences, physical activity.
Background. Schoolchildren's physical activity motivations and preferences (need to be analyzed and taken into consideration by the school physical education service and other physical activity encouragement initiatives [3, 5]. Knowing that, the physical education and sport service and research community gives a special priority to the schoolchildren physical activity motivations and preferences studies and analyses for the school physical education and sport service customization and healthy systemic physical activation initiatives [1, 4].
Objective of the study was to rate the schoolchildren's physical activity motivations and preferences for the physical education and sports commitment encouragement purposes.
Methods and structure of the study. The study was based on a mass anonymous questionnaire survey of the 11, 13 and 15 years old school population under the international 2017-18 Health Behaviors in Schoolchildren (HBSC) Project research initiative - under supervision of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture (SPSRIPC) as the Health
Behavior in Schoolchildren Project leader for the Russian Federation [4]. The SPSRIPC Health Behavior in Schoolchildren Project team developed a special data processing and analytical software toolkit for the Health Behavior in Schoolchildren survey data with a Russian version of the international questionnaire survey form and a cloud database for the Project [4].
The schoolchildren commitment to physical education and sport and physical activity was rated on the MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) test scale, with the minimal healthy physical activity threshold for the age group set at one hour per day - as the bottom physical health-securing physical activity level [2]. The schoolchildren physical activity motivations were tested on a 3-point scale by a question on their leisure-time physical activity importance with "very important", "quite important" and "unimportant" options plus further optional reasons (see Table 1).
Table 1. Reported schoolchildren's motivations for the leisure-time physical activity
1. Have fun
2. Succeed in sports
3. Be a winner
4. Make friends
5. Improve health
6. Meet my friends
7. Keep good fitness
3. Look nice
9. Enjoy the feel of my body under control
10. Please my family
11. Be cool
12. Control my weight
13. It's exciting
vey
Group Boys Girls
MVPA3 130 140
MVPA7 154 112
Given hereunder are the reasons for the high (and 'very important') leisure-time physical activity ranked by importance in descending order.
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0 10 2D 30 «I
1. Improve health 2. Keep good fitness 3. Look nice 4. It's exciting 5. Succeed in sports 6. Make friends 7. Control my weight 8. Be a winner 9. Feel of my body under control 10. Meet my friends 11. Have fun 12. Be cool 13. Please my family
GO 70 SO 90 100 1 5S.<
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] 2; i 2:6
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Figure 1. MVPA3 boys' physical activity motivations and priorities
The MVPA3 boys reported the following key physical activity motivations and preferences: improve health (58.4%), keep good fitness (49.2%) and look nice (42.6%). Note that the social needs, self-assertion and communication related motivations and preferences were rated meaningfully lower by this subgroup.
0 10 20 30 40
60 70 SO 90 100
Results and discussion. For further analysis of the schoolchildren's physical education and sport / physical activity motivations, we formed two 11-year-old groups of both sexes based on their weekly physical activity / physical education and sport rates above the physical activity threshold of 1 hour per day -namely MVPA3 and MVPA7 groups with the reported 3-day (moderate) and 7-day (highly) weekly physical activity, respectively: see Table 2.
Table 2. 11-year-old sample grouping for the sur-
1. Improve health ^VVVVVVVVVVV^^^ S2.S
2. Keep good fitness k^V^^V^VVVVVvV.'^ SO,4
3. Succeed in sports ^VVVVVVVVVVVVV^ 70.9
4. Look nice 70,8
5. It's exciting ®
6. Feel of my body under control »7,8
7. control my weight s^i
8.Be a winner ^V^^VVS^ 5S5 9. Meet my friends kV^Vs.VvVV'^^ 50.7 10. Make friends \\\\\\\\\\VsSSJ 50.3
11. Have fun ^VVVVVVVVVV] 37.7 12. Please my family 375
13. Be cool SSSSSSSSS3
Figure 2. MVPA7 boys' physical activity motivations and priorities
The MVPA7 boys reported the following key physical activity motivations and preferences: improve health (82.5 %), keep good fitness (80.4 %) and succeed in sports (70.9%).
The MVPA3 girls reported the following key physical activity motivations and preferences: improve health (56.6 %), keep good fitness (50%) and look nice (47.1%).
The MVPA7 girls reported the following key physical activity motivations and preferences: improve health (84.3%), keep good fitness (84%) and look nice (72%). Note that the percentages of these motivations were reported notably higher by the MVPA7 girls versus their peers.
Conclusion. The survey data and analyses demonstrated that the schoolchildren with the moderate physical education and sport commitment (MVPA3) make an emphasis on the optimal physical health
31
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 SO 90 100
1. Improve health 2. Keep good fitness 3. Look nice 4. It's exciting 5. Control my weight 6. Feel of my body under control 7. Succeed in sports 8. Be a winner 9. Meet my friends 10. Make friends 11. Please my family 12. Have fun 13. Be cool
56,6
50 47,1
□ 36,3
□ 35,3 3 32,S ] 32.6 29,2 28,5 27,9
J 16,8 ] ^4,7
S,8
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1,3
1. Improve health 2. Keep good fitness \vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvwv;:]
4. Succeed in sports \VXS\VVVVVVVVV'VVVVV\| 71:6
5 C°ntro1 my weight
6S2
6. It!s exdting vV-,VV,,VV.VVV-,VV,XVV.| №7
7. Feel of my body under control . j^S^^SSSSSS^ 9. Make friends SSSSSSSSSSS9 13,5
10. Meet my friends SSSSSSSSSSS3 39 J
11. Please my family vVVVVVV^yl ?4
12. Have fun WWWWI 315
13. Be cool SSSSSS
Figure 3. MVPA3 girls' physical activity motivations and priorities
Figure 4. MVPA7 girls' physical activity motivations and priorities
keeping motivations and preferences. It should be noted that only 25.8% and 25% of the boys and girls in MVPA3 group (respectively) self-rated own health "excellent"; versus 64.7% and 44.7% in MVPA7 group. The intergroup difference on this scale was found significant (p<0.01 for the boys and p<0.05 for the girls). The highly-physical-education-and-sport -committed group (MVPA7) was also tested notably higher on the social self-assertion motivations rating scale.
References
1. Gavrilov d.ni, Antipova E.V., Malinin A.V. et al. Fi-zichEffects of physical activity on school health standards. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2018. No. 11. pp. 44-46.
2. Global recommendations on physical activity for health WHO [Electronic resource]
Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstre am/10665/44399/3/9789244599976_rus.pdf (Date of access: 12.01.2020).
3. Komkov A.G. Health resource indicators and behavior style of Russian schoolchildren. Proceedings international symposium "Health and behavior of schoolchildren. St. Petersburg: SPb-NIIFK publ., 2004. pp. 52-66.
4. Matochkina A.I., Malinin A.V., Pukhov D.N. Results and prospects of conducting research on international scientific program "Health Behavior of School-aged Children". Adaptiv-naya fizicheskaya kultura. 2018. No. 3 (75). pp. 20-22.
5. Pukhov D.N. Experience of using technology of forming positive attitude to physical education of schoolchildren. Nauka-2020. 2016. No. 3 (9). pp. 139-144.
